The genus Epichernes Muchmore, 1982 has three Neotropical species with specific rodent hosts. Epichernes vickeryae sp. nov. is here described from Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica: the specimens ...were collected from a spiny pocket mouse Heteromys nubicolens. The new species, named E. vickeryae, is closer to E. navarroi by the position of trichobothria setae ist and isb, which are adjacent and the number of teeth on the movable finger, known from Mexico. The new species is characterized by trichobothrium ist adjacent to isb, femur L/B 1.71-1.85, it has 22-31 external accessory teeth, 58 teeth on fixed finger and 62 on movable finger. The carapace ranging from 1.12 mm to 1.33 mm in length, central tergites with 21-22 setae, chelicera with five setae on the hand, sb and b denticulate. The new species represents the second known species of Epichernes from Costa Rica.
The increased resistance of pathogenic bacteria to traditional therapy has forced the implementation of different therapies. The consequent use of more than one antibacterial drug can increase ...toxicity problems, an undesirable situation, especially when it comes to therapy for immunosuppressed patients. Bacterial resistance to different drugs is a war between "humans and bacteria". For this reason, it is important to keep looking for new alternatives for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Lippia graveolens, Sphagneticola trilobata and Gliricidia sepium against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the strain most affected by antagonistic activity of all the extracts evaluated, followed by E. coli and S. aureus. We found that S. trilobata was the plant with the highest activity. We carried out tests mixing extracts (1:1) from different parts of each plant, where there was antagonistic and synergistic activity. These results are very promising, since these bacteria are currently being studied for their high resistance mechanisms to a wide variety of antibiotics.
Waste heaps of Atta are host to an extraordinary diversity of myrmecophiles insects and other arthropods. In this study, the presence of four species of pseudoscorpions is recorded in two Atta ...colombica waste heaps in the years 2016 and 2017. Two of these species, Cordylochernes scorpioides and Lustrochernes carolinensis are new records in waste heaps and except for the deutonymphs of L.carolinensis, the others all stages of post-embryonic development were present in the studied heaps, which could indicate that these two species carry out their entire life cycle in these waste mounds and live there permanently.
Some species of pseudoscorpions perform a mechanism known as phoresy, attach themselves to other organisms for transportation. In this work, Americhernes oblongus (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae) is ...reported as a phoront on a species of fly belonging to the genus Scipopus (Diptera: Micropezidae). A. oblongus is a new record for Panama and was collected in the town of Pirre, Province of Darien. The pseudoscorpion was found attached to the coxa of the right hind leg of the fly. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of phoresy between A. oblongus and Scipopus sp. as a dispersal method.
In this study, the behavior of Q. mexicanus was recorded through observations from July to October 2020. The observations period was from 7:00 to 10:00 a.m. and from 2:00 a.m. at 5:00 p.m. Eastern ...Time (ET). During this study we were able to describe 29 specific behaviors that are grouped into nine main functional categories. These categories will be used to construct an ethogram that we hope will be useful to improve our knowledge about the behavior of Q. mexicanus, a bird that practically coexists with humans in the Republic of Panama.
Pseudoscorpions can be found in different microhabitats, one of which is moss. In this paper, we report the first records of pseudoscorpions associated with mosses in Mexico. We found three species: ...Albiorix edentatus, Paratemnoides nidificator and a new species of the genus Cocinachernes which is described below as C. akalchesis sp. nov. The specimens were collected from moss of the genus Bryum. This new species has globose spermathecae with four tubes: two short and two long, with ocular spots in the carapace; trichobothrium distance between t and st is less than the distance of t from the fingertip, Femur L/B ranges from 2.4 to 2.9, tibia from 1.68 to 1.9, chela is 2.9 (without pedicel), and hand (without pedicel) ranges from 2.53 to 2.88; galea short and slightly robust, without divisions in males; anterior operculum with 36 setae long and acuminated, posterior operculum with 20 acuminated setae. This new species represents the second known species of Cocinacheres from Mexico.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E907BC57-49AB-430D-8F4D-0B1C19EE830
We report the predation of two species of rodents of the Muridae family (Rattus norvergicus and Mus musculus), one specimen of Columbina talpacoti (Aves: Columbiforme) and a crustacean Leptuca sp by ...females of Quiscalus mexicanus in Panama. One observation was made in 2008, and four in 2020 in Panama City. This report seeks to promote research on the changes that Q. mexicanus makes in its diet depending on the availability of nutritional resources and thus expand the knowledge about its food sources.
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