Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potent greenhouse gas whose presence in the atmosphere is a critical factor for global warming. At the same time atmospheric CO2 is also a cheap and readily available carbon ...source that can in principle be used to synthesize value-added products. However, as uncatalyzed chemical CO2-fixation reactions usually require quite harsh conditions to functionalize the CO2 molecule, not many processes have been developed that make use of CO2. In contrast to synthetical chemistry, Nature provides a multitude of different carboxylating enzymes whose carboxylating principle(s) might be exploited in biotechnology. This review focuses on the biochemical features of carboxylases, highlights possible evolutionary scenarios for the emergence of their reactivity, and discusses current, as well as potential future applications of carboxylases in organic synthesis, biotechnology and synthetic biology.
The pyridine nucleotides NADH and NADPH (NAD(P)H) are ubiquitous redox coenzymes that are present in all living cells. Although about 16% of all characterized enzymes use pyridine nucleotides as ...hydride donors or acceptors during catalysis, a detailed understanding of how the hydride is transferred between NAD(P)H and the corresponding substrate is lacking for many enzymes. Here we present evidence for a new mechanism that operates during enzymatic hydride transfers using crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (Ccr) as a case study. We observed a covalent ene intermediate between NADPH and the substrate, crotonyl-CoA, using NMR, high-resolution MS and stopped-flow spectroscopy. Preparation of the ene intermediate further allowed direct access to the catalytic cycle of other NADPH-dependent enzymes-including those from type II fatty acid biosynthesis-in an unprecedented way, suggesting that formation of NAD(P)H ene intermediates is a more general principle in catalysis.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) cause chronic pain and interfere with quality of life (QoL). Botulinum toxin is one of the treatment modalities popularly used for TMDs. The primary objective of ...this retrospective study was to evaluate improvement in QoL after botulinum toxin injections in patients with TMD.
Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with TMD were included in this study. In accordance with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, all patients had myofascial pain. They received botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections in temporalis and masseter muscles. QoL was measured using a French translated version of the validated Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and a second questionnaire, which was an adaptation of the temporomandibular joint replacement QoL questionnaire (TMJ-QoL). Patients answered both questionnaires and a visual analogue scale (VAS) before the injection, at 1 month after the injection and at 3 months after the injection. Relationship between QoL and factors such as bruxism, age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were also evaluated.
All patients reported significant improvements in QoL (OHIP-14 and TMJ-QoL) and VAS Scores at 1 and 3 months after BTX-A injections (P < 0.0001). A significant moderate positive correlation was noted between TMJ-QoL before BTX-A injections and BMI (P = 0.016).
Overall, QoL in patients with TMD improved significantly at 1 and 3 months after BTX-A injections. BTX-A injection in masticatory muscles of patients with TMD can be a useful supportive therapy to control pain and improve QoL.
Diagnosis classification system of Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is based on the biopsychosocial model of pain. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, leading to difficulties in treating these ...multifactorial conditions. The predisposing factors are pathophysiological, psychological or structural processes that alter the masticatory system and lead to an increase in the risk of development of TMD. The purpose of this integrative review was then to point out the specific mechanisms of TMD in the oral oncologic context to optimize the TMJ functional results in the management of patients with oral oncologic conditions. We explored in this paper the role of Axis II assessment of the biopsychosocial model of pain, the involvement of mechanical concepts such as dental occlusion, mandibular condyle positioning and related-structures reconstruction, and the stomatognathic changes induced by radiation.
Transcervical styloidectomy in Eagle's syndrome Pigache, P.; Fontaine, C.; Ferri, J. ...
European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases,
12/2018, Letnik:
135, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Eagle's syndrome is a rare disease responsible for polymorphic head and neck symptoms, often resulting in delayed diagnosis. The diagnosis of Eagle's syndrome is based on the presence of suggestive ...clinical signs associated with pain on palpation of the styloid process in the tonsillar fossa, a positive lidocaine test and elongation of the styloid process on 3D CT scan. The most commonly proposed curative treatment is styloidectomy, which allows complete resolution of symptoms in the great majority of cases. This procedure can be performed via a transoral approach or a transcervical approach. After briefly reviewing the embryology and anatomy of the styloid diaphragm region, the authors describe the transcervical styloidectomy technique performed in their department. This simple technique is based on anatomical imperatives designed to limit the operating time and avoid damage to neurovascular structures.
Abstract Introduction Long standing maxillary edentulism leads to alveolar ridge resorption which prevent implant placement and causes prosthetic malocclusion. The aim of the study was to assess ...vertical and transversal bone increase following Le Fort 1 osteotomy associated with calvarial bone grafting. Materials and Methods 66 patients who presented severely atrophic maxillae were treated with Le Fort 1 osteotomy with bone grafting from 2003 to 2014. Vertical and transversal bone level was measured preoperatively and 6 months post-operatively to calculate the alveolar ridge augmentation. Follow up ranged from 10 months to 11 years. Results The mean increase of bone height was 9,3mm and the mean increase of bone width was 6mm. 417 endosseous implants were placed in the grafted maxilla. Mean endosseous implant length was of 10,7mm at the first molar site (range: 8-16mm). A total of 25 implants failed, the overall implant survival rate is of 94%. The definitive prosthetis was fixed in 65% of the patiens and removable in 35% of the patients. Discussion Le Fort 1 osteotomy associated with calvarial bone grafting is the main treatment option able to offer fixed bridge and perfect class 1 occlusion in cases of severe maxillary atrophy.
Onychophagia and a missed opportunity Bezawada, Navya; Raoul G T, Li-Everington; Currie, Graeme P
QJM : An International Journal of Medicine
109, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Mandibular osteosarcomas (MOS) mostly affect young adults. Their treatment is extrapolated from that of extragnathic osteosarcomas.
A retrospective multicooperative group study was conducted to ...determine the impact of chemotherapy, adjuvant radiation therapy and surgery on outcomes and to identify prognostic factors. This ethical committee-approved study included a centralized review of histology slides and operative reports.
Of 111 patients, 58.6% were male, median age 35 years (13%, ≤18 years). Histology was osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, conventional not otherwise specified and others in 39.6%, 30.6%, 8.1%, 12.6% and 8.0%, respectively. Pathological World Health Organisation grades were low, intermediate and high grade in 6.4%, 11.8% and 81.8%, respectively. Surgery was carried out for 94.5% of patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (mixed protocols) was carried out in 93.1% of patients. Postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy were carried out in 54.7% and 23.8%, respectively. Median follow-up was 59.6 months (range). Five-year local control, metastasis-free, disease-free and overall survival rates were 64.6%, 68.9%, 53.2% and 69.2%, respectively. Survival was significantly associated with age, tumor size and surgery. Wide surgery with clear margins and free flap reconstruction was the strongest prognostic factor. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved disease-free and metastatic-free survival and increased clear margins rates from 50% to 68%. Intermediate grades behaved like high grades in terms of metastatic-free and disease-free survival.
This homogeneous series is the largest to date and emphasizes the major impact of clear margins and multidisciplinary management. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free survival and should be recommended for both high and intermediate grade MOS.
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