Cubic copper ferrite CuFe2O4 nanopowders have been synthesized via a hydrothermal route using industrial wastes. The synthesis conditions were systematically studied using statistical design ...(Box–Behnken Program) and the optimum conditions were determined. The results revealed that single phase of cubic copper ferrite powders can be obtained at different temperatures from 100 to 200°C for times from 12 to 36h with pH values 8–12. The crystallite size of the produced powders was in the range between 24.6 and 51.5nm. The produced copper ferrite powders were appeared as a homogeneous pseudo-cubic-like structure. A high saturation magnetization (Ms 83.7emu/g) was achieved at hydrothermal temperature 200°C for 24h and pH 8. Photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue dye using copper ferrite powders produced at different conditions was investigated. A good catalytic efficiency was 95.9% at hydrothermal temperature 200°C for hydrothermal time 24h at pH 12 due to high surface area (118.4m2/g).
The goal of the current analysis is to scrutinize the magneto-mixed convective flow of aqueous-based hybrid-nanofluid comprising Alumina and Copper nanoparticles across a horizontal circular cylinder ...with convective boundary condition. The energy equation is modelled by interpolating the non-linear radiation phenomenon with the assisting and opposing flows. The original equations describing the magneto-hybrid nanofluid motion and energy are converted into non-dimensional equations and solved numerically using a new hybrid linearization-Chebyshev spectral method (HLCSM). HLCSM is a high order spectral semi-analytical numerical method that results in an analytical solution in η-direction and thereby the solution is valid in overall the η-domain, not only at the grid points. The impacts of diverse parameters on the allied apportionment are inspected, and the fallouts are described graphically in the investigation. The physical quantities of interest containing the drag coefficient and the heat transfer rate are predestined versus fundamental parameters, and their outcomes are elucidated. It is witnessed that both drag coefficient and Nusselt number have greater magnitude for Cu-water followed by hybrid nanofluid and Al
O
-water. Moreover, the value of the drag coefficient declines versus the enlarged solid volume fraction. To emphasize the originality of the current analysis, the outcomes are compared with quoted works, and excellent accord is achieved in this consideration.
This field work was conducted to describe the body measurements and the body indices along with the correlations among them for 513 goats organized into the following breeds: Saanen milk goat (B
1
), ...Black Boer
x
Dazu black goat (B
2
), Hechuan white goat (B
3
), Dazu black goat (B
4
), Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (B
5
), B
4
x
B
5
cross (B
6
), and B
6
x
B
6
cross (B
7
) residents of different Chinese regions but raised in Dazu Black farm, Beibei, Southwest China. Data were collected on adult males and females of similar age (36.50 ± 0.75 months). Results showed that the B
4
, B
2
, B
6
, and B
7
were heavier than other breeds with mean live body weight of 60.80, 59.00, 62.75, and 63.08 kg, respectively, while that of B
3
, B
1
, and B
5
were 57.00, 43.42, and 57.15 kg. Meanwhile, B
1
, B
2
, B
5
, B
6
, and B
7
had longer bodies than other breeds, recording 77.00, 73.83, 72.50, 65.17, and 67.17 cm, respectively. As for wither height, B
1
, B
2
, B
4
, B
5
, and B
6
recorded 75.33, 68.33, 68.33, 66.67, and 66.17 cm, respectively. These differences were significant (
P
< 0.05). The results revealed variable correlation coefficients among body measurements. Most body indices showed variation in estimated correlations between breed groups (
P
< 0.05). These findings revealed the presence of a wide range of differences for body measurements and the body indices among studied breeds. Such diversity in the body conformation is crucial to implement reliable selection strategies for breeding goats, Also, these findings can help to commence future step for appraisal of quantitative traits and initiate genome analysis.
New Ni(II) Schiff base complexes {Ni(L)(H
2
O)Cl} where HL = 2-((pyridin-3-ylmethylene)amino)phenol have been synthesized using the reflux and sonochemical methods. The nickel oxide NiO nanopowder ...was obtained from the metal complexes after calcination at 650 °C for 2 h. The Schiff base complexes and NiO powders were characterized in detail. The HL and its metal complexes were depicted high activity towards microorganism and breast carcinoma cells. The inhibitory activity against breast carcinoma (MCF-7) were detected with IC
50
= 5.5, 12.5 and 9.6 for HL, complex (1) and complex (2), respectively. The optical band gap energy was 3.6, 3.0 and 2.37 eV for Ni complexes (1), (2) and NiO, respectively. The microstructure of the formed NiO powders appeared as cubic-like structure. Furthermore, magnetic properties of NiO sample were identified and paramagnetic property was found at a room temperature. The saturation magnetization and coercive force for the NiO sample were 0.47 emu/g and 42.68 Oe, respectively.
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•CdS/PVP nanocomposites were prepared by in situ wet chemical precipitation method.•Combined FTIR/DFT study was used to approve the complexation process.•XRD results indicate that CdS ...were formed with hexagonal phase in the polymeric matrix.•UV–Vis spectra reveal that nano-composite films show quantum confinement effect.
Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles filled polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared by in situ wet chemical precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectra (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) were used to characterize the prepared nano-composites. Density Function Theory (DFT) was used to approve the complexation process. XRD results indicate appearance of two peaks at about 28.1°, 27.4° corresponds to (101) and (002) planes which suggest hexagonal phase of CdS with lattice constants of 4.14, 6.72Å in the polymeric matrix. UV/Vis spectra reveal that nano-composite films show quantum confinement effect. The absorption showed a shift toward the shorter wavelength (blue shift) with decrease in the concentration of Cd+ ions. Optical band gap and particle size were calculated and is in agreement with the results obtained from TEM data. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the prepared CdS nanoparticles were dispersed and nearly uniform in diameter within the polymeric matrix.
Abstract
Studying testicular genes’ expression may give key insights into precise regulation of its functions that influence epididymal sperm quality. The current study aimed to investigate the ...abundance of candidate genes involved in the regulation of testicular functions specially those regulate sperm function (PLA2G4D, SPP1, and CLUAP1), testicular steroidogenic function (ESR1 and AR), materials transport (AQP12B and LCN15), and defense mechanisms (DEFB110, GPX5, SOCS3, and IL6). Therefore, blood samples and testes with epididymis were collected from mature middle-aged (5–10 years) dromedary camels (n = 45) directly prior and after their slaughtering, respectively, during breeding season. Sera were evaluated for testosterone level and testicular biometry was measured with caliper. The epididymal tail semen was evaluated manually. Samples were distinguished based on testosterone level, testicular biometry, as well as epididymal semen features into high and low fertile groups. Total RNA was isolated from testicular tissues and gene expression was done using Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Results revealed that testosterone levels were significantly (P < 0.005) higher in camels with good semen quality than those of low quality. There was a significant (P < 0.0001) increase in testicular weight, length, width, thickness, and volume in high fertile than low fertile camels. PLA2G4D, SPP1, CLUAP1, ESR1, AR, AQP12B, LCN15, DEFB110, GPX5, and SOCS3 genes were upregulated (P < 0.001), and IL6 gene was downregulated (P < 0.01) in the testes of high fertile camels compared to the low fertile one. Thus, it could be concluded that examined genes might be valuable monitors of testicular functional status and fertility in dromedary camels.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
The effect of source/sink heat location and size on Magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convection in hybrid nanofluid of Al2O3-Cu/Water within the L-shaped cavity is studied in this paper. Two uniform heat ...sources are put at the corners of the bottom walls of enclosure and the beginning and the end of L-shape enclosure set to be at the cold temperature. The other parts of enclosure’s walls are supposed to be insulated. The finite difference method and Boussinesq approximation is utilized to discrete the governing equations. The fundamental flow physics and thermal behavior are explored in terms of pertinent parameters such as the effects of sink/source heat generation, magnetic field and angle, Hartmann number, cavity length ratio, and hybrid volume fraction on average and surface Nusselt number, streamlines, isotherms, and entropy generation are studied. The results demonstrate that maximum amount of the sink power causes the best heat transfer performance.
Mixed convection in a lid-driven square cavity filled with Cu-water nanofluid and subjected to inclined magnetic field is investigated in this paper. Partial slip effect is considered along the lid ...driven horizontal walls. A constant heat flux source on the left wall is considered, meanwhile the right vertical wall is cooled isothermally. The remainder cavity walls are thermally insulted. A control finite volume method is used as a numerical appliance of the governing equations. Six pertinent parameters were studied these; the orientation of the magnetic field (Φ=0–360°), Richardson number (Ri=0.001–1000), Hartman number (Ha=0–100), the size and position of the heat source (B=0.2–0.8, D=0.3–0.7, respectively), nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ=0.0–0.1), and the lid-direction of the horizontal walls (λ=±1) where the positive sign means lid-driven to the right while the negative sign means lid-driven to the left. The results show that the orientation and the strength of the magnetic field can play a significant role in controlling the convection under the effect of partial slip. It is also found that the natural convection decreases with increasing the length of the heat source for all ranges of the studied parameters, while it is do so due to the vertical distance up to Hartman number of 50, beyond this value the natural convection decreases with lifting the heat source narrower to the top wall.
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•Partial slip along moving walls of MHD cavity filled with nanofluid is considered.•The suppression exerted by the magnetic field decreases with its orientation.•Nusselt number is enhanced slightly with nanoparticles at shortest heat source.•Nusselt number is enhanced with nanoparticles at stronger magnetic field.
Purpose
This paper aims to concentrate on the impacts of a discrete heat source location on heat transfer and entropy generation for a Ag-water nanofluid in an open inclined L-shaped cavity.
...Design/methodology/approach
The governing partial differential equations for this study are computed by the finite volume method.
Findings
The results show that increasing the inclination angle leads to a rise in heat transfer. It is clear with the increase in the nanoparticles volume fraction that the thermal performance reduces, and it increases when the inclination angle increases.
Originality/value
Because of the continuous literature survey, the authors have not found a study that concentrates on the entropy generation in a wide variety of irregular ducts. Thus, in this paper, they present the analysis of entropy generation in an L-shaped duct experiencing a mixed convective flow with a nanofluid. The authors deal with this geometry because it is very useful in cooling systems of nuclear and chemical reactors and electronic components.
•Melamine causes neurodegeneration in brain parts; cerebrum, hippocampus and cerebellum.•The neurotoxicity mechanism of melamine is through induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis.•Biochemically, ...melamine administration significantly decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in serum.•Also, melamine significantly induced down-regulation of Nrf2 and GPX expression.•Selenium nanoparticles has a protective role against melamine induced neurotoxicity.
Melamine is a chemical substance used as a food adulterant because of its high nitrogen content; it is known to induce neurotoxicity, thereby adversely affecting the central nervous system. The biocompatibility, bioavailability, lower toxicity, and the large surface area of nanosized selenium relative to its other forms indicate that selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have a potential ameliorative effect against melamine-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using 40 adult male albino rats that were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10 per group): group I rats served as the untreated negative controls and were fed with standard diet and distilled water; group II rats were orally treated with melamine (300 mg/kg body weight/d); group III rats orally received melamine (300 mg/kg body weight/d) and SeNPs (2 mg/kg body weight/d); and group IV rats received SeNPs only (2 mg/kg body weight/d) for 28 days. Blood and brain samples were collected from all rats and processed for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical investigations. SeNPs were encapsulated in starch as a natural stabilizer and a size-controlling agent (SeNP@starch). The prepared SeNPs were characterized using different techniques. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) indicated that the percentage of selenium loaded in starch was 1.888 %. Powder x-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to investigate the crystalline structure of the Se-NP@starch, to be tubular and composed of amorphous starch as well as metallic selenium. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the product and determined the interactions among the different components. Transmission electron microscope demonstrated the spherical shape of SeNPs and their dispersion into starch surface as well as evaluating their size in nanoscale (range 20−140 nm). Our results revealed that the melamine- exposed rats had significantly elevated in malondialdehyde levels, significantly reduced in total antioxidant capacity, down-regulated expression of the antioxidant related genes Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase), as well as up-regulated expression of the apoptosis-related gene Bax (B-cell lymphoma 2–associated X protein), with down regulation of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2). Histopathological examination exhibited several alterations in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus of the treated rats compared with the controls. Neuronal degeneration, vacuolation of the neuropils, and pericellular and perivascular spaces were observed. In addition, the pyramidal and granular cell layers of the hippocampus and cerebellum, respectively, were found to have significantly reduced thickness. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the percentage area of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and a significant increase in the percentage area of caspase-3 were noted. On the other hand, co-treatment with SeNPs partially ameliorated these alterations. A significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels; a non- significant elevation in total antioxidant capacity; up-regulation, upregulation of Nrf2, GPx, and Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax were recorded. Neuronal degeneration, vacuolation of neuropils, and pericellular spaces were reduced. The pyramidal and granular cell layers restored their normal thickness. The percentage area of the glial fibrillary acidic protein significantly increased, whereas that of caspase-3 significantly decreased. In conclusion, SeNPs have an ameliorative effect against melamine-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats.
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