•Myricitrin decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation and increased GSH and CYP2E1 level.•Myricitrin reduced COX-2 and TNF-α overexpression and inflammation in the liver.•Myricitrin inhibited hepatic ...expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA and liver fibrosis.•Myricitrin increased PCNA expression in regenerating liver tissue.
Myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside (myricitrin) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective effects of myricitrin. Myricitrin at doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg and silymarin at dose of 100mg/kg were administered to BALB/cN mice by oral gavage, once daily for two consecutive days following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxication. Myricitrin significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and histopathological changes in the liver. Hepatic oxidative stress was reduced by myricitrin, as evidenced by the decrease in lipid peroxidation, with concomitant increase in glutathione (GSH) level and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) expression. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) overexpression in the liver was reduced, suggesting the suppression of inflammation. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was markedly ameliorated, indicating the inhibition of profibrotic response. Myricitrin also improved the regeneration of hepatic tissue after CCl4-intoxication, as evidenced by increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. The results of the current study suggest that myricitrin exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity. Myricitrin provided better hepatoprotection when compared to silymarin, which is consistent with its higher in vitro antioxidant potential.
•Composition of Diospyros virginiana methanol extract, phenolic profile.•Methanol extract, their isolated phenolic compounds have shown significant antimicrobial effect.•Flavonoid aglycones exhibited ...the strongest antimicrobial activity.
This study was carried out with the objective to investigate antibacterial and antifungal activities of Diospyros virginiana fruits (methanol 80%) extract and the phenolic compounds isolated from the extract. The in vitro antibacterial and antifungal assays were done against eight bacterial strains and against eight fungal species using microdilution method. Eight phenolic compounds, m-gallate, gallic acid, luteolin, quercetin, myricetin, myricetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside, myricetin 3-O-β-glucoside, and myricetin 3-O-β-glucuronide were isolated and identified by different spectroscopic tools (UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS). The results of the methanol extract of Diospyros virginiana fruits and its isolated phenolic compounds showed significant antibacterial and antifungal effects against all the tested microorganisms. The best results were obtained for flavonoid aglycones which showed strong antimicrobial activity against all the microorganisms tested. These results may help to discover new chemical classes of natural antimicrobial substances that could serve as selective agents for infectious disease chemotherapy and control.
Purpose The reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) in agriculture may affect the growth of plants. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential use of TWW in irrigating Lily in presence of ...Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in a closed soilless system.Method In the first experiment, plants were irrigated with a mixture of 3 part nutrient solution: 1 part treated wastewater (3NS:1TWW) supplemented with 50, 125, 160 or 200 mg L-1 Ca to determine the optimal Ca concentration supplement that would give the highest plant growth. In the second experiment, the plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution or a mixture of 3 part nutrient solution: 1part treated wastewater (3NS:1TWW) supplemented with 160 mg L-1 Ca in the presence or absence of AMF.Results The results indicated that the plants receiving the higher concentrations of Ca (160 or 200 mg L-1) showed better growth performance. The results showed that the plants receiving (3NS:1TWW) had a significantly higher dry weight of adventitious roots and fresh weight of the flower bud than those receiving nutrient solution. The flower bud was longer in presence of AMF. The highest shoot fresh weight was recorded for non-AMF plants receiving 3NS:1TWW, and the least shoot fresh weight.Conclusion The most efficient solution is to supplement the 3NS:1TWW irrigation solution with 160 mg Ca L-1 to reduce the salinity effects of TWW. Moreover, it is recommended to inoculate the roots of the Asiatic lily plants with AMF to achieve the longest flower.
The present study was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities from Eriobotrya japonica stems as well investigation of its chemical composition.
Methanol 80% extract of ...Eriobotrya japonica stems was tested for antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains and for antioxidant activity using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays and also total content of polyphenols with phytochemical analysis of the extract were determined.
The results showed that the extract has a significant antimicrobial activity, it inhibited significantly the growth of Candida albicans suggesting that it can be used in the treatment of fungal infections, and it showed no effect on the other bacterial and fungal strains, the extract has a good antioxidant activity, it has shown high values of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, while it showed a low value of polyphenol content. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenes, tannins and flavonoids, further phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation and identification of three triterpenic acids, oleanolic, ursolic and corosolic acids and four flavonoids, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside.
These results may help to discover new chemical classes of natural antimicrobial antioxidant substances.
•Chemical composition and in vitro biological activity of different extracts Alnus rugosa L. were examined.•The main components of extracts were triterpenes, flavonoids, tannins and ...carbohydrates.•The extracts expressed good antimicrobial, antioxidant/antiradical and antitumor activity.•This study is the first report about the bioactive potential and compounds of A. rugosa aerial parts.
This present investigation was undertaken to study antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol 80% extracts from Alnus rugosa L. aerial parts, as well investigate the bio-active compounds of each extract. Antimicrobial activity of the mentioned extracts against various bacteria and fungi using microdilution method, and cytotoxicity against five different human tumor cell lines, and in a non-tumor liver cells primary culture were tested. Extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis and column chromatography eluted with different solvents, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol gradually. The results showed that the extracts had a significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi, and proved a significant cytotoxic effect. Methanol 80% extract exhibited the highest antibacterial effect, and ethyl acetate extract was the most active as antifungal agent while dichloromethane extract showed the lowest antifungal effect. Dichloromethane extract was the most active against all the tested tumor cell lines. Chromatographic separation of dichloromethane extract of A. rugosa aerial parts resulted in the isolation and identification of β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucoside and apigenin, while from ethyl acetate extract, diosmetin, naringenin, luteolin, and luteolin 7-O-β-glucoside were identified, and from methanol 80% extract, quercetin 3-O-α-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-β-glucoside 7-O-α-rhamnoside were identified. In conclusion, the present research provided significant information about antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and compounds isolated from A. rugosa aerial parts extracts.
Background
Cognitive impairment is a common finding epileptic children. Studies have linked nocturnal epileptic discharges to delayed cognitive abilities in children.
Objective
The study aims to ...evaluate the effect of nocturnal epileptic seizures on cognitive functions in children with idiopathic epilepsy.
Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 70 children with idiopathic generalized or benign focal epilepsy. Based on seizures semiology, they were classified into cases either with nocturnal epileptic seizures (NES) (
n
= 40) or with diurnal epileptic seizures (DES) (
n
= 30). Patients receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that affect cognitive function, patients with intelligence quotient (IQ) below 70, and those having other neurological or psychiatric disorders' were excluded. All patients were subjected to neurological examination, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electroencephalography. Cognition was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence scale for children (WISC) to measure IQ, Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) (computerized version), Trail Making Test, and Digit spans test.
Results
There was no significant difference between both groups regarding age, sex, age of epilepsy onset, or seizure frequency. There was a significant difference in almost all cognitive variables including digit forward, digit backward, processing speed, verbal IQ, WCST perseverative responses, WCST failure to maintain set, Trail Making Test A (error), Trail Making Test B (Time), and Trail Making Test B (error). There was no significant difference regarding the associated sleep disturbances between the studied groups.
Conclusion
Children with idiopathic epilepsy suffering from predominant nocturnal seizure have overt and subtle cognitive functions impairments compared to children with predominant diurnal seizure.
PDF
