Franz R. Epting (1937-2023) Raskin, Jonathan D.
The American psychologist,
01/2024, Letnik:
79, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article memorializes Franz R. Epting (1937-2023), emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Florida. Franz had a long and accomplished career as an internationally recognized ...humanistic psychologist. His work focused on George Kelly's personal construct psychology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Various researchers have been developing alternatives to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM-5). However, most clinicians are too busy to keep up with ...progress on these alternatives. Therefore, this article serves as a "primer" for clinicians by introducing four alternatives to the DSM-5 that are currently garnering significant attention: International Classification of Diseases (10th and 11th editions), Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2, hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology, and power threat meaning framework. The research domain criteria research initiative is also briefly discussed. The basics of each alternative system are presented and their primary strengths and weaknesses identified. All four systems show promise but have significant obstacles to overcome before they can be deemed viable substitutes for the DSM-5.
Public Significance Statement
This article offers a "primer" on several systems that can serve as either alternatives or supplements to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM-5) in the diagnosis, conceptualization, and formulation of mental health concerns. Offering an invaluable resource to clinicians, students, and the lay public, the authors summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the International Classification of Diseases (10th and 11th editions), Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2, hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology, and power threat meaning framework, while also briefly mentioning the research domain criteria research initiative.
A survey of psychologists' attitudes toward the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5), and its alternatives was conducted. Almost 90% of psychologists reported regularly ...consulting DSM-5, despite dissatisfaction with it. However, opinions varied by theoretical orientation. Cognitive-behavioral psychologists held positive attitudes about DSM, whereas psychodynamic and humanistic/constructivist/systems psychologists were negatively inclined toward it. Integrative/eclectic psychologists were in between. Diagnostic codes and identifying pathology were seen as DSM-5's biggest advantages, and the medicalization of psychosocial problems and obscuring individual differences as its biggest disadvantages. Psychologists supported developing alternatives to DSM-5, but when asked about six alternatives-International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2 (PDM), Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD), Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), and Power Threat Meaning Framework (PTMF)-they were generally unfamiliar with them except for ICD. Although not wishing to abandon the medical model, psychologists (except for cognitive-behaviorists) said DSM-5 relies too much on medical semantics and questioned whether mental disorders should be considered a subset of medical disorders. Overall, psychologists use DSM for practical reasons (diagnostic categories and codes) more than scientific ones (validity and reliability). This finding affirms something remarkable: Despite ongoing attention to revising and improving DSM over the past four decades, psychologists remain lukewarm toward it and strongly interested in alternatives. However, until alternatives are better known and provide the necessary practical advantages, psychologists will likely continue to use DSM despite their mixed feelings about it.
Public Significance Statement
This study found that nearly 90% of psychologists use DSM despite dissatisfaction with it. Psychologists see DSM's main advantage as third-party insurance reimbursement. Though they wish to see alternatives developed, they are unfamiliar with and unsupportive of any besides the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Psychologists want alternatives but have a practical need to get paid that DSM currently meets.
Held (2020) portrays critical and Indigenous psychologists as subscribing to an epistemological “anti-objectivism” that inhibits their ability to combat oppression. She believes that their ...anti-objectivism yields a troublesome relativism in which truth is overly context-dependent; what counts as true knowledge for one Indigenous group may not count for another. This commentary explores whether critical and Indigenous psychologists are strict “anti-objectivists,” as Held contends. It also challenges the need for epistemological consistency, while encouraging a shift from “objectivism” and “subjectivism” as essentialized states to “objecting” and “subjecting” as complementary ways to explore and study the world.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of the management of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Since the 2006 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory ...Society (ERS) Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, there has been considerable growth in our knowledge of its efficacy and scope.
The purpose of this Statement is to update the 2006 document, including a new definition of pulmonary rehabilitation and highlighting key concepts and major advances in the field.
A multidisciplinary committee of experts representing the ATS Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the ERS Scientific Group 01.02, "Rehabilitation and Chronic Care," determined the overall scope of this update through group consensus. Focused literature reviews in key topic areas were conducted by committee members with relevant clinical and scientific expertise. The final content of this Statement was agreed on by all members.
An updated definition of pulmonary rehabilitation is proposed. New data are presented on the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation, including its effectiveness in acutely ill individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in individuals with other chronic respiratory diseases. The important role of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic disease management is highlighted. In addition, the role of health behavior change in optimizing and maintaining benefits is discussed.
The considerable growth in the science and application of pulmonary rehabilitation since 2006 adds further support for its efficacy in a wide range of individuals with chronic respiratory disease.
Recent research suggests that psychologists and counselors are dissatisfied with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, and open to seeing the development of ...alternatives to it. Any alternative suitable for psychotherapists must meet certain requirements. A successful alternative must (a) place psychosocial factors on equal footing with biological factors; (b) categorize problems, not people; (c) be scientifically grounded; (d) be collaboratively developed; and (e) be usable across orientations, professions, and constituencies.
Five responses to Raskin and Debany's (
this issue
) original target article on a constructivist model of ethical meaning making are discussed. The authors responding to the article raise many ...important issues about constructivist approaches to ethics. Differences between social constructionism and constructivism, the importance of multiple modalities of knowing, and a continuing hope for rapprochement between constructivist and realist perspectives are briefly explored.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Telemedicine refers to the use of communications technologies to provide or enhance medical care through mitigating the negative effects of patient-caregiver distance on medical evaluation and ...treatment. The general concept, telemedicine, can refer to a number of interventions, such as telemonitoring, tele-consultations, tele-education, tele-communication, and tele-rehabilitation. While telemedicine has seen steady growth its trajectory has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a tool in health care delivery, telemedicine is often met with patient satisfaction often resulting from ease of use and accessibility. Additionally, outcomes may improve, although the medical literature is not consistent in this regard. However, enthusiasm over its beneficial effects should be tempered by negative aspects, including the decrease in direct patient-clinician interaction (such as loss of information from the physical examination) and potentially serious privacy risks. Finding a happy median between positive and negative features of telemedicine remains a work in progress.
We outline a context-centered therapy approach to helping clients cope with the coronavirus pandemic. Context-centered therapy is a constructivist approach that emphasizes shifts in an individual’s ...contexts as the best way to generate therapeutic change. Contexts are defined as sets of presuppositions that shape a person’s experiences. We examine how two very common contexts, mind and self, can inform therapists’ understanding of how their clients are responding to the coronavirus pandemic. The mind consists of a person’s defensive and protective postures in the face of perceived threat, whereas the self takes a broader perspective and emphasizes human connections and interrelatedness. Therapists can use several mind/self contrasts—blame versus responsibility, insufficiency versus sufficiency, being at effect versus being at cause, and avoidance versus mastery—to assist people who are struggling in the face of the coronavirus pandemic.
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