Abstract The LHC upgrade requires redoing the liquid Argon (LAr) calibration system which should provide a 16-bit range signal with 1‰ accuracy while being radiation tolerant. The fundamental ...operating principle remains unchanged: a precise current is stored in an inductor, and upon switching off the current, a pulse is generated for injection into the readout electronics. This is achieved by two chips: the first one, in CMOS 130 nm, provides the 16-bit DAC as well as the calibration management system; the second one, in XFAB 180 nm, embeds switches to generate the pulses. A description of both chips and measurement results will be presented.
A first prototype of a Compton camera based on continuous scintillator crystals coupled to silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays has been successfully developed and operated. The prototype is made of ...two detector planes. The first detector is made of a continuous 16×18×5mm3 LaBr3 crystal coupled to a 16-elements SiPM array. The elements have a size of 3×3mm 3 in a 4.5×4.05mm2 pitch. The second detector, selected by availability, consists of a continuous 16×18×5mm3 LYSO crystal coupled to a similar SiPM array. The SPIROC1 ASIC is employed in the readout electronics. Data have been taken with a 22Na source placed at different positions and images have been reconstructed with the simulated one-pass list-mode (SOPL) algorithm.
Detector development for the construction of a second prototype with three detector planes is underway. LaBr3 crystals of 32×36mm2 size and 5/10mm thickness have been acquired and tested with a PMT. The resolution obtained is 3.5% FWHM at 511keV. Each crystal will be coupled to four MPPC arrays. Different options are being tested for the prototype readout.
The CMS High-Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) imposes extremely challenging specifications for the front-end electronics: high dynamic range, low noise, high-precision time information and low power ...consumption, as well as the need to select and transmit trigger information with a high transverse and longitudinal granularity. HGCROC2 is the second prototype of the readout chip embedding almost all the final functionalities. It has 72 channels of the full analog chain: low noise and high gain preamplifier and shapers, a 10-bit 40 MHz SAR-ADC which provides the charge measurement over the linear range of the preamplifier, after the preamplifier saturation a discriminator and TDC provide the charge information from ToT (200 ns dynamic range and 50 ps binning), and a fast discriminator and TDC provide timing information to 25 ps accuracy. This paper reports on the performance in terms of noise, charge and timing, the DAQ and Trigger paths, as well as results from radiation qualification with total ionizing dose (TID) and heavy ions for single-event effects (SEE).
SKIROC2_CMS is a chip derived from CALICE SKIROC2 that provides 64 channels of low noise charge preamplifiers optimized for 50 pF pin diodes and 10 pC dynamic range. They are followed by high gain ...and low gain 25 ns shapers, a 13-deep 40 MHz analog memory used as a waveform sampler at 40 MHz. and 12-bit ADCs. A fast shaper followed by discriminator and TDC provide timing information to an accuracy of 50 ps, in order to test TOT and TOA techniques at system level and in test-beam. The chip was sent to fabrication in January 2016 in AMS SiGe 0,35 mum and was received in May. It was tested in the lab during the summer and will be mounted on sensors for beam-tests in the fall.
Abstract
The HKROC ASIC was originally designed to readout the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for the Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) experiment. HKROC is a very innovative ASIC capable of readout a large number ...of channels satisfying stringent requirements in terms of noise, speed and dynamic range. Each HKROC channel features a low-noise preamplifier and shapers, a 10-bit successive approximation Analog-to-Digital Converter (SAR-ADC) (designed by AGH Krakow) for the charge measurement (up to 2500 pC) and a Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) (designed by CEA IRFU group) for the Time-of-Arrival (ToA) measurement with 25 ps binning. HKROC is auto-triggered and includes all necessary ancillary services as bandgap circuit, PLL (Phase-locked loop) and threshold DACs (Digital to Analog Converters). This paper will describe the ASIC architecture and the experimental results of the first HKROC prototype received in January 2022.
The purpose of the MU-RAY project is to develop an innovative approach to the study of volcanoes and their monitoring based on a particle physics approach. The test site is Vesuvio: one of the higher ...risk volcanoes in the world. In this context, muon radiography is an innovative method of enormous impact. This is an imaging technique which relies on the measurement, by means of a cosmic ray telescope, of the absorption in the volcano of muons with near-horizontal trajectories, produced by the interactions of cosmic rays with the atmosphere. Since 2003 this technique has been successfully used on volcanoes in Japan, providing pictures of their vertices with resolutions much better than those obtained with the traditional techniques based on gravimeters. Researchers from Naples and Florence are currently involved in the construction and testing of a prototype telescope based on the use of bars of plastic scintillator with a triangular section whose scintillation light is collected by special fibres (wave length shifters) and transported to SiPM (Silicon photomultipliers). A complete prototype telescope, consisting of three xy scintillation planes and 1m2 active area has been assembled and is now under test.
The MU-RAY detector for muon radiography of volcanoes Anastasio, A.; Ambrosino, F.; Basta, D. ...
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,
12/2013, Letnik:
732
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The MU-RAY detector has been designed to perform muon radiography of volcanoes. The possible use on the field introduces several constraints. First the electric power consumption must be reduced to ...the minimum, so that the detector can be solar-powered. Moreover it must be robust and transportable, for what concerns the front-end electronics and data acquisition. A 1m2 prototype has been constructed and is taking data at Mt. Vesuvius. The detector consists of modules of 32 scintillator bars with wave length shifting fibers and silicon photomultiplier read-out. A dedicated front-end electronics has been developed, based on the SPIROC ASIC. An introduction to muon radiography principles, the MU-RAY detector description and results obtained in laboratory will be presented.
A Compton telescope for dose monitoring in hadron therapy consisting of several layers of continuous LaBr3 crystals coupled to silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays is under development within the ...ENVISION project. In order to test the possibility of employing such detectors for the telescope, a detector head consisting of a continuous 16mm×18mm×5mm LaBr3 crystal coupled to a SiPM array has been assembled and characterized, employing the SPIROC1 ASIC as readout electronics. The best energy resolution obtained at 511keV is 6.5% FWHM and the timing resolution is 3.1ns FWHM. A position determination method for continuous crystals is being tested, with promising results. In addition, the detector has been operated in time coincidence with a second detector layer, to determine the coincidence capabilities of the system. The first tests are satisfactory, and encourage the development of larger detectors that will compose the telescope prototype.
Muon Radiography allows to map the density of a volcanic cone. It is based on the measurement of the attenuation of the flux of muons present in the cosmic radiation on the ground. The MU-RAY project ...has developed an innovative detector designed for the muon radiography. The main features are the low electric power consumption, robustness and transportability, good spatial resolution and muon time of flight measurement. A 1 m super(2) detector prototype has been constructed. and collected data at Mt. Vesuvius for approximately 1 month in spring 2013. A second campaign of measurement has been performed at the Puy de Dome, France, in the last four months of 2013. In this article the principles of muon radiography, the MU-RAY detector and the first results from the collected data will be described.
The MU-RAY project: Volcano radiography with cosmic-ray muons Ambrosi, G.; Ambrosino, F.; Battiston, R. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2011, Letnik:
628, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cosmic-ray muon radiography is a technique for imaging the variation of density inside the top few 100
m of a volcanic cone. With resolutions up to 10s of meters in optimal detection conditions, muon ...radiography can provide images of the top region of a volcano edifice with a resolution that is considerably better than that typically achieved with conventional methods. Such precise measurements are expected to provide us with information on anomalies in the rock density distribution, like those expected from dense lava conduits, low density magma supply paths or the compression with depth of the overlying soil. The MU-RAY project aims at the construction of muon telescopes and the development of new analysis tools for muon radiography. The telescopes are required to be able to work in harsh environment and to have low power consumption, good angular and time resolutions, large active area and modularity. The telescope consists of two
X–
Y planes of 2×2 square meters area made by plastic scintillator strips of triangular shape. Each strip is read by a fast WLS fiber coupled to a silicon photomultiplier. The readout electronics is based on the SPIROC chip.
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