This paper presents comments on Ceci and Papierno's article concerning advantaged and disadvantaged youth interventions. The author notes that while the article was more than welcome, the discussion ...was nevertheless still couched within a seriously culturally biased conceptual framework. Even though most psychologists accept this framework, it actually renders many ways of dealing with the problem of disadvantage invisible and undiscussable. The author uses an example inquiring into mothers' priorities in child rearing. Overall, the author feels that virtually all the interventions discussed by Ceci and Papierno are construed within--and designed to reward--what one might call a Western, middle-class mind-set and to reinforce its personal and social structural consequences through a self-fulfilling process.
The role of ‘slippage’ reactions, in the form of passive H⁺ uniport through CF₀‐CF₁, ATP synthetase and breakdown of the S₂ and S₃ intermediates of O₂ evolution, is considered in relation to the ...growth of phototrophic organisms at low photon fluence rates. Analysis of the limited data available suggests that adaptation (phenotypic or genotypic) to low photon fluence rates is accompanied by an increase in the ratio of light‐absorbing pigments to the (potentially slippage‐inducing) photosystem two units and CF₀‐CF₁ ATP synthetases. Furthermore, organisms which are genotypically adapted to high photon fluence rates do not, when grown at low photon fluence rates, achieve the same low ratio of reaction centres to total light‐harvesting pigments as is found in phototrophs genotypically adapted to low photon fluence rates. The limits to, and energy costs of, such a mechanism of adaptation to low photon fluence rates are also discussed.
Abstract Non-Technical Summary This article takes stock of the 2030 Agenda and focuses on five governance areas. In a nutshell, we see a quite patchy and often primarily symbolic uptake of the global ...goals. Although some studies highlight individual success stories of actors and institutions to implement the goals, it remains unclear how such cases can be upscaled and develop a broader political impact to accelerate the global endeavor to achieve sustainable development. We hence raise concerns about the overall effectiveness of governance by goal-setting and raise the question of how we can make this mode of governance more effective. Technical Summary A recent meta-analysis on the political impact of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has shown that these global goals are moving political processes forward only incrementally, with much variation across countries, sectors, and governance levels. Consequently, the realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development remains uncertain. Against this backdrop, this article explores where and how incremental political changes are taking place due to the SDGs, and under what conditions these developments can bolster sustainability transformations up to 2030 and beyond. Our scoping review builds upon an online expert survey directed at the scholarly community of the ‘Earth System Governance Project’ and structured dialogues within the ‘Taskforce on the SDGs’ under this project. We identified five governance areas where some effects of the SDGs have been observable: (1) global governance, (2) national policy integration, (3) subnational initiatives, (4) private governance, and (5) education and learning for sustainable development. This article delves deeper into these governance areas and draws lessons to guide empirical research on the promises and pitfalls of accelerating SDG implementation. Social Media Summary As SDG implementation lags behind, this article explores 5 governance areas asking how to strengthen the global goals.
Carbon and nitrogen contents of two intertidal fucoid species,
Fucus serratus and Himanthalia elongata, were investigated
with respect to
variations in seasonal resource availability, growth and ...reproductive requirements.
The linear growth rate of F. serratus peaked in spring at
2·3 cm 28 d−1, compared with <0·1 cm
28 d−1
in the winter. In H. elongata, the button diameter increased slowly
throughout the year
(<0·22 cm 28 d−1) ; in contrast, the receptacle
had an elongation rate of up to 7·8 cm 28 d−1
in the spring months. There was no
difference in the nitrogen content (% dry weight, dwt) of the vegetative
tissue of both non-reproductive and fertile thalli and receptacle
tissue of F. serratus, but the nitrogen content of all three tissue
types varied seasonally. Reproductive development was initiated in May
when nitrogen content was at its peak (3 % dwt). Tissue nitrogen content
decreased rapidly through reproductive development to a
minimum of less than 1·5% dwt in August; this decrease also occurred
in non-reproductive thalli. Tissue nitrogen varied between 0·5 and
1·75% dwt in the vegetative buttons on both non-reproductive and
fertile H. elongata, but not in a distinct seasonal manner. Receptacle
development in H. elongata was initiated in October/November.
The nitrogen content of the receptacle tissue increased rapidly in the
first
two months of reproductive development (up to 2·5% dwt) then progressively
decreased throughout the remaining period of
reproductive development. There was no evidence of carbon storage in the
vegetative tissues of either F. serratus or H. elongata.
We tested whether the amounts of carbon (C) mineralized from decomposing wheat (
Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tonic) roots were related to the quantity (i.e. root dry weight per plant) or the chemical ...composition of material which had been grown at ambient or elevated CO
2 concentrations (350 or 700 μmol CO
2 mol
−1). Plants were grown in
13C-depleted CO
2 to distinguish root-derived C from soil-derived C. Over periods of up to ca. 400 d, root C, soil C and nitrogen (N) mineralization were measured from: (i) root systems left in situ in soil; (ii) soil after removal of visible roots; and (iii) equal amounts of roots added to fresh soil. Root systems in situ showed transiently faster C mineralization rates after growth at elevated CO
2 compared with ambient CO
2. Ultimately, there were no CO
2-related differences in the amounts of C or N mineralized from root systems in situ. Specific rates of C loss from extracted roots were not significantly different for roots from the two CO
2 treatments. The potential accuracy of the
13C method was demonstrated and
13C/
12C fractionation during root decomposition was negligible. We conclude that when wheat is grown under elevated CO
2, subsequent root decomposition will not necessarily be affected. If it does, it is likely to do so via an effect of CO
2 on the amounts of root material produced per unit of soil rather than on the chemical quality of that material.
Responses of cytosolic and vacuolar pH to different concentrations (1.3-5.4 mu mol NH sub(3) mol super(-1) gas or 0.940-3.825 mg NH sub(3) m super(-3) gas) of gaseous NH sub(3) were studied in ...experiments of 3 h duration by recording changes in fluorescence of pyranine and esculin in leaves of C sub(3) and C sub(4) plants. After a lag phase of 0.5-4 min, the uptake of NH sub(3) at 50-200 nmol m super(-2) leaf area s super(-1) increased pyranine fluorescence, indicating cytosolic alkalinization in leaves of Pelargonium zonale L. (C sub(3)) and Amaranthus caudatus L. (C sub(4)). A smaller increase in esculin fluorescence induced by NH sub(3) indicated some vacuolar alkalization in a Spinacia oleracea L. leaf. Photosynthesis and transpiration remained unchanged during exposure of illuminated leaves to NH sub(3) for up to 30 min (the maximum tested). CO sub(2) concentrations influenced the extent of cytosolic alkalinization. 500 mu mol CO sub(2) mol super(-1) gas suppressed the NH sub(3)-induced cytosolic alkalinization relative to that found in 16 mu mol CO sub(2) mol super(-1) gas. The suppressing effect of CO sub(2) on NH sub(3)-induced alkalization was larger in illuminated leaves of the C sub(4) Amaranthus than the C sub(3) Pelargonium. These results indicate that the alkaline pH shift caused by solution and protonation of NH sub(3) in aqueous leaf compartments is affected by assimilation of NH sub(3).
Feelings of imposter syndrome (inadequacy or incompetence) are common among physicians and are associated with diminished joy in practice. Identification of modifiable factors associated with ...feelings of imposter syndrome might inform strategies to ameliorate them. To this point, though, no such factors have been identified.
Are intolerance of uncertainty and confidence in problem-solving skills independently associated with feelings of imposter syndrome after accounting for other factors?
This survey-based experiment measured the relationship between feelings of imposter syndrome, intolerance of uncertainty, and confidence in problem-solving skills among musculoskeletal specialist surgeons. Approximately 200 surgeons who actively participate in the Science of Variation Group, a collaboration of mainly orthopaedic surgeons specializing in upper extremity illnesses primarily across Europe and North America, were invited to this survey-based experiment. One hundred two surgeons completed questionnaires measuring feelings of imposter syndrome (an adaptation of the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale), tolerance of uncertainty (the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12), and confidence in problem-solving skills (the Personal Optimism and Self-Efficacy Optimism questionnaire), as well as basic demographics. The participants were characteristic of other Science of Variation Group experiments: the mean age was 52 ± 5 years, with 89% (91 of 102) being men, most self-reported White race (81% 83 of 102), largely subspecializing in hand and/or wrist surgery (73% 74 of 102), and with just over half of the group (54% 55 of 102) having greater than 11 years of experience. We sought to identify factors associated with greater feelings of imposter syndrome in a multivariable statistical model.
Accounting for potential confounding factors such as years of experience or supervision of trainees in the multivariable linear regression analysis, greater feelings of imposter syndrome were modestly associated with higher intolerance of uncertainty (regression coefficient β 0.34 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.51; p < 0.01) and with lower confidence in problem-solving skills (β -0.70 95% CI -1.0 to -0.35; p < 0.01).
The finding that feelings of imposter syndrome may be modestly to notably associated with modifiable factors, such as difficulty managing uncertainty and lack of confidence in problem-solving, spark coaching opportunities to support and sustain a surgeon's mindset, which may lead to increased comfort and joy at work.
Beginning with premedical coursework and throughout medical training and continuing medical education, future studies can address the impact of learning and practicing tactics that increase comfort with uncertainty and greater confidence in problem solving on limiting feelings of imposter syndrome.
New results from GridPix Detectors Bilevych, Y; Desch, K; Fransen, J-P ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
04/2020, Letnik:
1498, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
GridPix structures combine the high resolution of a pixel readout chip with a Micromegas as gas amplification stage. This detector has shown excellent performance before with the Timepix ASIC, but ...has been improved by using the successor ASIC, the Timepix3. This new version of the GridPix detectors has been used in test beams at the ELSA accelerator at Bonn, where 2.5 GeV electrons are available for tracking studies. It could be demonstrated that the spatial resolution in both transverse and longitudinal direction follows the diffusion function. Structures made of four GridPixes have been designed and constructed to cover larger areas. Also these devices called quads have been successfully tested with the electron beam giving similarly good results as the single GridPix detector.
PDF
