How can cigarette smuggling be reduced? JOOSSENS, Luk; RAW, Martin
BMJ. British medical journal (International ed.),
10/2000, Letnik:
321, Številka:
7266
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Andorra is important because it illustrates the role of the tobacco industry. Andorra was not only supplying illegal cigarettes to the Spanish market but also to Britain. Exports from Britain to ...Andorra (which has a population of only 63 000) increased from 13 million cigarettes in 1993 to 1520 million in 1997.
ICAP and the perils of partnership McCreanor, Tim; Casswell, Sally; Hill, Linda
Addiction (Abingdon, England),
February 2000, Letnik:
95, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Edwards asserts that the alcohol industry is making every legal effort possible to influence the shaping of public policy on alcohol use. To this end, Edwards discusses the use of strategies by the ...International Center for Alcohol Policy.
Smoking remains the largest single cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in Europe. Successful strategies for smoking cessation will have clear health benefits. Even brief advice from health ...professionals can increase smoking cessation and such an approach should be actively promoted. The Health Education Authority (see note) in England recently developed comprehensive, evidence-based, professionally endorsed guidelines on smoking cessation. These guidelines are presented here as specific recommendations for each of the main target audiences. Although the guidelines were commissioned by the Health Education Authority (note) which had a remit for England, it is anticipated that they will prove relevant and adaptable to other countries and healthcare systems across Europe.
The European Union spends about 1000m ecu (£800m, $1240m) a year subsidising tobacco production but only about 1.55m ecu (£1.2m, $1.85m) on smoking prevention. The subsidies, part of the common ...agriculutral policy, were originally intended to encourage farmers to grow commercially valued varieties of tobacco and thus reduce imports. But they also aimed to guarantee farmers' income, a goal in direct conflict with the first. The policy has failed to adapt production to demand or reduce imports, since most tobacco grown in the union has little commercial value. Reforms introduced in 1992 have had a limited impact on expenditure, and data produced as a result of the reforms show that it would be much cheaper to give farmers direct income support than to subsidise them growing tobacco. Tobacco subsidies should be abolished and more should be spent on smoking prevention.
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