Wildlife-vehicle collisions are one of the main causes of mortality for wild mammals and birds in the UK. Here, using a dataset of 54,000+ records collated by a citizen science roadkill recording ...scheme between 2014-2019, we analyse and present temporal patterns of wildlife roadkill of the 19 most commonly reported taxa in the UK (84% of all reported roadkill). Most taxa (13 out of 19) showed significant and consistent seasonal variations in road mortality and fitted one of two seasonal patterns; bimodal or unimodal: only three species (red fox Vulpes vulpes, European polecat Mustela putorius and Reeves' muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi) showed no significant seasonality. Species that increase movement in spring and autumn potentially have bimodal patterns in roadkill due to the increase in mate-searching and juvenile dispersal during these respective time periods (e.g. European badger Meles meles). Unimodal patterns likely represent increased mortality due to a single short pulse in activity associated with breeding (e.g. birds) or foraging (e.g. grey squirrels Sciurus carolinensis in autumn). Importantly, these patterns also indicate periods of increased risk for drivers, potentially posing a greater threat to human welfare. In addition to behaviour-driven annual patterns, abiotic factors (temperature and rainfall) explained some variance in roadkill. Notably, high rainfall was associated with decreased observations of two bird taxa (gulls and Eurasian magpies Pica pica) and European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus. By quantifying seasonal patterns in roadkill, we highlight a significant anthropogenic impact on wild species, which is important in relation to conservation, animal welfare, and human safety.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper is a collaborative interdisciplinary examination of the scientific, political, and cultural determinants of the conservation status of mammal species that occur in both Canada and the USA. ...We read Canada’s Species at Risk Act as a document of bio-cultural nationalism circumscribed by the weak federalism and Crown–Indigenous relations of the nation’s constitution. We also provide a numerical comparison of at-risk species listings either side of the US–Canada border and examples of provincial/state listings in comparison with those at a federal level. We find 17 mammal species listed as at-risk in Canada as distinct from the USA, and only 6 transboundary species that have comparable levels of protection in both countries, and we consider several explanations for this asymmetry. We evaluate the concept of ‘jurisdictional rarity’, in which species are endangered only because a geopolitical boundary isolates a small population. The paper begins and ends with reflections on interdisciplinary collaboration, and our findings highlight the importance of considering and explicitly acknowledging political influences on science and conservation-decision making, including in the context of at-risk-species protection.
BackgroundSacituzumab govitecan (SG) demonstrated an ORR of 27% and median OS of 10.5 months (Mo) in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) patients (pts) progressing after platinum chemotherapy and ...PD1/L1 inhibitor. The combination of SG and pembrolizumab is safe and active following platinum chemotherapy. Ipilimumab (IPI) 3mg/kg plus Nivolumab (NIVO) 1mg/kg (I3+N1) has shown promising activity in post-platinum mUC pts. Given the potential synergism between immunogenic cell death induced by SG and IPI-NIVO, we hypothesized that the combination of SG and IPI-NIVO would be safe and active as a frontline treatment for cisplatin ineligible mUC.Methods3+ 3 design was used for the phase I dose escalation of SG at 8 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg dose levels. I3+N1 was given IV every 3 weeks x 4 cycles followed by NIVO 360 mg IV day 1 every 3 weeks. SG was given IV at days 1,8 every 3 weeks The primary endpoint was safety and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) based on dose limiting toxicity (DLTs) observed in cycle 1; key secondary endpoints include ORR, DOR, PFS and OS. Key inclusion criteria were ECOG-PS 0–1, cisplatin-ineligibility, treatment naïve, no prior PD1/L1 inhibitor except >3 months earlier for localized disease.ResultsThe study has completed phase I dose escalation after enrolling a total of 9 patients (8 men, 1-woman, median age: 74 years). Six patients were enrolled at SG 8 mg/kg with 1 DLT, and 3 patients at 10 mg/kg with 2 DLTs. DLTs included grade 3 skin rash (n=2) and grade 3 pneumonitis (n=1). The RP2D of SG was determined to be 8 mg/kg with I3+N1. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) included anemia (66.6%) neutropenia (66.6%), pruritus (66.6%), fatigue (66.6%), and diarrhea (66.6%). 2 patients developed grade 2 infusion reactions to SG. Other grade ≥ 3 TRAE included neutropenia (55.5%), anemia (33.3%), arthralgia (11.1%), and elevated amylase/lipase (11.1%). Of the 9 patients, 6 patients were considered evaluable for response of whom 4 had partial response (ORR 66.6%). With the median follow-up time of 18.8 Mo (95% CI 14.8-NR), the median DOR was 10.7 Mo (range 4.6–12.0); mPFS was 8.78 Mo (95% CI 3.8-NR) and mOS was NR.ConclusionsThe RP2D of SG was identified as 8mg/kg in combination with I3+N1 as first-line therapy for cisplatin-ineligible mUC. Early signals of promising activity were observed in a small cohort of evaluable pts. The Phase 2 trial is ongoing coupled with exploratory biomarker analyses. NCT04863885
Apatite fission‐track (AFT) ages from 56 samples of Paleozoic and Mesozoic crystalline rocks in New Hampshire, northeastern Vermont, and western Maine range from 70 to 140 Ma and reflect widespread ...Early to Late Cretaceous cooling. The regional AFT age distributions determined in this study suggest that reactivation of preexisting orogen‐parallel faults and the presence of a long‐lived thermal anomaly in the lithospheric mantle controlled the late unroofing history of this part of the northern Appalachians. A northeast‐trending zone of young, dominantly Late Cretaceous AFT ages (70–118 Ma) extends from southwestern New Hampshire through the central White Mountain region and continues into northern New Hampshire, northeastern Vermont, and western Maine, providing evidence for regional NW‐SE extension and cooling at this time. Significantly older AFT ages (125–140 Ma) in the region bounded by the Bill Little, Ammonoosuc, and Northey Hill faults in northwestern New Hampshire suggest a normal‐sense reactivation associated with NW‐SE extension at <80 Ma. Previous studies have revealed an area of low shear wave velocities in the upper mantle, suggesting that potential upwelling of the asthenosphere is currently present in the lithospheric mantle under central New Hampshire. This anomaly is believed to be a remnant of heating associated with passage of the North American plate over the Great Meteor hot spot during the Cretaceous. Our regional AFT age patterns suggest that this long‐lived thermal anomaly was the driving force for postorogenic extension and associated unroofing in northern New England.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation dose for organs at risk (OAR) within the cranium, thorax, and pelvis from megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT). Using a clinical ...treatment planning system, CBCT doses were calculated from 60 patient datasets using 27.4 × 27.4 cm(2) field size and 200° arc length. The body mass indices (BMIs) for these patients range from 17.2-48.4 kg/m(2). A total of 60 CBCT plans were created and calculated with heterogeneity corrections, with monitor units (MU) that varied from 8, 4, and 2 MU per plan. The isocenters of these plans were placed at defined anatomical structures. The maximum dose, dose to the isocenter, and mean dose to the selected critical organs were analyzed. The study found that maximum and isocenter doses were weakly associated with BMI, but linearly associated with the total MU. Average maximum/isocenter doses in the cranium were 10.0 (± 0.18)/7.0 (± 0.08) cGy, 5.0 (± 0.09)/3.5 (± 0.05) cGy, and 2.5 (± .04)/1.8 (± 0.05) cGy for 8, 4, and 2 MU, respectively. Similar trends but slightly larger maximum/isocenter doses were found in the thoracic and pelvic regions. For the cranial region, the average mean doses with a total of 8 MU to the eye, lens, and brain were 9.7 (± 0.12) cGy, 9.1 (± 0.16) cGy, and 7.2 (± 0.10) cGy, respectively. For the thoracic region, the average mean doses to the lung, heart, and spinal cord were 6.6 (± 0.05) cGy, 6.9 (± 1.2) cGy, and 4.7 (± 0.8) cGy, respectively. For the pelvic region, the average mean dose to the femoral heads was 6.4 (± 1.1) cGy. The MV-CBCT doses were linearly associated with the total MU but weakly dependent on patients' BMIs. Daily MV-CBCT has a cumulative effect on the total body dose and critical organs, which should be carefully considered for clinical impacts.
Wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) cause millions of vertebrate mortalities globally, threatening population viability and influencing wildlife behaviour and survival. Traffic volume and speed can ...influence wildlife mortality on roads, but roadkill risk is species specific and depends on ecological traits.
The COVID‐19 pandemic, and associated UK‐wide lockdowns, offered a unique opportunity to investigate how reducing traffic volume alters WVC. These periods of reduced human mobility have been coined the ‘anthropause’.
We used the anthropause to identify which ecological traits may render species vulnerable to WVC. We did this by comparing the relative change in WVC of species with differing traits before and during the anthropause.
We used Generalised Additive Model predictions to assess which of the 19 species most frequently observed as WVC in the UK exhibited changes in road mortality during two lockdown periods, March–May 2020 and December 2020–March 2021, relative to the same time periods in previous years (2014–2019). Compositional data analysis was used to identify ecological traits associated with changes in the relative number of observations during lockdown periods compared to previous years.
WVC were, across all species, 80% lower during the anthropause than predicted. Compositional data analysis revealed proportionally fewer reports of nocturnal mammals, urban visitors, mammals with greater brain mass and birds with a longer flight initiation distance. Species that have several of these traits, and correspondingly significantly lower than predicted WVC during lockdowns, included badgers Meles meles, foxes Vulpes vulpes, and pheasants, Phasianus colchicus; we posit they stand to benefit most from reduced traffic, and, of the species studied here, have highest mortality under ‘normal’ traffic levels.
This study identifies traits and species that may have experienced a temporary reprieve during the anthropause, and highlights the impacts of traffic‐induced mortality on species numbers and ultimately on trait frequency in a road‐dominated landscape. By taking advantage of reductions in traffic offered by the anthropause, we can understand how vehicles influence wildlife survival and behaviour and may be exerting a selective force for certain species and traits.
This study combines one of the world's largest citizen science roadkill databases with compositional data analysis, previously under‐utilised in community ecology, and reduced human mobility due to COVID‐19 lockdowns, to empirically evidence the effects of traffic and ecological traits on wildlife‐vehicle collision risk for 19 species.
Problem Statement: Depression is one of the most commonly treated conditions in primary care; however, substantial clinical improvements in depression are not frequently achieved. Dietary ...interventions, which have been shown to affect depression and depressive symptoms such as mood, are often not even considered in the treatment plan for depression. Purpose: To explore mood before and after increasing nutritional awareness and promoting dietary change through the use of an educational intervention. Methods: A quasi-experimental, mixed-method research design was utilized. The Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) by John D. Mayer was used to assess mood before and after the intervention. Four open response questions were used to assess participants' beliefs surrounding the intervention, dietary changes, and mood. Inclusion Criteria: Participants include adults aged 18-65 who were interested in learning about food and its connection to mood and frequently reported unpleasant moods. Analysis: A two-tailed paired samples t-test was utilized to assess mood before and after the intervention was implemented. Content analysis was conducted to evaluate the four open-ended questions at the end of the post-test. Results: The results of this study should that positive mood scores significantly increased after the intervention of increasing nutritional awareness and promoting dietary change. Implications for Practice: Health providers should not only include dietary interventions to improve physical health, but they should also include dietary interventions to improve mental health with the goal of achieving substantial clinical improvements in depression and depressive symptoms.
Los niños aprenderán sobre el verdadero significado de la navidad a través de las historias individuales de los personajes presente en el nacimiento de Jesús - Burro, Vaca, Oveja, Pastor, Angel, ...Camello, Sabio, Joséy claro, el niño Jesús. Escritas para ser leidas cada día por nueve dias antes de la navidad. Las historias son leidas junto a las piezas correspondientes en un pesebre navideño, las cuales son son envueltas y escondidas para los niños. Children will learn the true meaning of Christmas through the individual stories of the characters present at Jesus' birth - the Donkey, Cow, Sheep, Shepherd, Angel, Camel, Wise Men, Joseph, and of course, baby Jesus - intended to be read each day in the 9-days before Christmas. Stories are read alongside corresponding Nativity pieces, which are to be wrapped and hidden for children.
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Background: According to recent estimations of GLOBOCAN 2012, breast cancer is the 2
nd
most common cancer among Haitian women. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of ...breast cancer at a Haitian hospital and to determine the factors associated with mortality. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on women treated for breast cancer at the Innovating Health International Cancer Center, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. All charts with complete information from 2014 and 2015 were included. Charts were reviewed to collect key variables related to breast cancer. Odds ratios were calculated and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test was used to identify the factors associated with mortality. Results: Among the 289 charts reviewed, 275 were selected for this study. The mean age is 51.82 years-old 20 - 100. 81.1% of the patients had stage III or IV breast cancer at their first consultation. 92% of the women were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. Of the 165 cases tested for hormone receptor status, 54.5% were ER-positive, 31.5% were triple negative and 12.1% were HER2-enriched. The mortality rate is 24.4%. The odds of dying from breast cancer was significantly higher among women who had their menarche before 15 years old Odds Ratio (OR) = 4.2; P = 0.02, stage III or IV breast cancer (OR = 3.7; P = 0.01), triple-negative or HER2-positive breast cancer (OR = 2.5; P = 0.01). Mortality was significantly lower among women who benefited from hormone therapy (OR = 0.22; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Breast cancer is often diagnosed at late stages in Haiti, which increases mortality. Women with ER-positive breast cancer survive significantly more than those with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer, mainly due to the availability of hormone therapy and the absence of trastuzumab. A national awareness and screening program has to be implemented to educate Haitian women on breast cancer and increase early diagnosis. As an essential medicine in oncology according to the World Health Organization (WHO), biosimilar trastuzumab needs to be available to increase the survival of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a global public health burden with over 400,000 new cases and over 175,000 deaths annually. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in combination with ...vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKI) has become an integral part of the management of patients with advanced RCC which requires adaptation of healthcare systems to provide information and optimize the management of drug-related adverse events. This study aims to improve the education on therapy-related symptoms and the quality of life of patients with RCC treated with these drugs. Methods: We created a smartphone application (mHealth) that combines educational data, patient-reported outcomes, and peer-to-peer interactions. We aim to assess the feasibility of expansion of this pilot study. We prospectively enrolled stage IV RCC patients (n=20) undergoing treatment with combination ICI and VEGF-TKI. Therapy-related symptom education, knowledge PRO questionnaires, and peer-to-peer support were provided at baseline and at different time points throughout this study duration (Table 1). Time-course data of PROs were visualized using line plots and then compared with paired t-tests. The study's primary endpoint was to assess acceptability and feasibility of mHealth, defined as acceptable if 50% of patients offered participation agree to be enrolled and feasible if 50% of enrolled patients complete the intervention with 70% of these completing at least 50% of survey instruments. Results: Eighty percent of patients were male, 80% were white, 75% had at least some college education, 70% were married, and the mean age of the cohort was 66 years.A total of 22 patients were approached for the study with an acceptance rate of 90%. Sixty percent of patients completed every questionnaire and knowledge assessment at every timepoint of the intervention and 75% of those completed at least 50% of instruments. PROs data showed no significant difference compared to baseline in global health status, functional scales, and symptom scales across the 24 weeks. We noticed an improvement in the patients' knowledge assessment on symptom management after completion of the mHealth knowledge component. Conclusions: Our pilot study was considered acceptable and feasible, showing preliminary evidence of improvement in patient knowledge with mHealth. Our future direction will be to assess, in a larger randomized study, the efficacy of mHealth in improving the quality of life of patients with advanced RCC treated with ICI and VEGF-TKI. Clinical trial information: NCT05579847 . Table: see text
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