In this study, the mechanism recruited by exogenous melatonin application at 100 μM for alleviating chilling injury in tomato fruits during cold storage was investigated. Alleviating chilling injury ...in tomato fruits in response to exogenous melatonin application at 100 μM may ascribe to providing sufficient intracellular ATP occur by higher H-ATPase, Ca-ATPase, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymes activity during cold storage. Also, higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (unSFA/SFA) ratio owing to higher linoleic and linolenic acids accumulation coincides with lower palmitic, stearic and oleic acids accumulation may be responsible for alleviating chilling injury in tomato fruits in response to exogenous melatonin application at 100 μM, which may occur by higher
fatty acid desaturase 3
and
7
(
FAD3
and
FAD7)
genes expression accompanying by lower
phospholipase D (PLD)
and
lipoxygenase (LOX)
genes expression and enzymes activity, in addition to providing sufficient intracellular ATP. Therefore, exogenous melatonin application may be a beneficial postharvest procedure for alleviating chilling injury in tomato fruits during cold storage.
Plum (Prunus domestica L.) has a short shelf-life period due to its high respiration rate and is sensitive to low storage temperatures, which can lead to the appearance of chilling injury symptoms. ...In this investigation, we applied new coating treatments based on chitosan (CTS) and arginine (Arg) to plum fruit (cv. 'Stanley'). Fruit were treated with distilled water (control), Arg at 0.25 and 0.5 mM, CTS at 1% (w/v) or Arg-coated CTS nanoparticles (CTS-Arg NPs) at 0.5 and 1% (w/v), and then stored at 1 degreesC for days. The application of CTS-Arg NPs at 0.5% attenuated chilling injury, which was accompanied by accumulation of proline, reduced levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde, as well as suppressed the activity of polyphenol oxidase. Plums coated with CTS-Arg NPs (0.5%) showed higher accumulation of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins, due to the higher activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which in turn resulted in higher DPPH scavenging capacity. In addition, CTS-Arg NPs (0.5%) treatment delayed plum weight loss and retained fruit firmness and ascorbic acid content in comparison to control fruit. Furthermore, plums treated with CTS-Arg NPs exhibited lower H.sub.2O.sub.2 accumulation than control fruit due to higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, including CAT, POD, APX and SOD. The present findings show that CTS-Arg NPs (0.5%) were the most effective treatment in delaying chilling injury and prolonging the shelf life of plum fruit.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Low temperature storage causes chilling injury in plum (
L.) fruits. Consequently, any treatments with beneficial effects against these symptoms would achieve attention. For this purpose, ...phenylalanine treatments were applied on 'Stanley' plum fruits. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of the exogenous application of phenylalanine on fruit quality, chilling tolerance, and antioxidant capacity of 'Stanley' plums during cold storage.
Phenylalanine at different concentrations was applied on 'Stanley' plums. Following phenylalanine application, plums were cold stored. Chilling injury, antioxidant capacity, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, proline and internal contents of anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenols, ascorbic acid and some antioxidant enzymes were assessed.
Phenylalanine treatment significantly alleviated chilling injury in plum fruits by enhancing antioxidant capacity and increasing the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme (PAL). Phenylalanine-treated fruits had higher mass fractions of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenols, as well as a higher total antioxidant activity than the control fruits during low temperature storage. Phenylalanine at 7.5 mM was the most effective treatment in enhancing the activity of PAL, the accumulation of phenolic compounds and in reducing the severity of chilling injury. Treatments delayed mass loss and maintained fruit firmness. In addition, the application of 7.5 mM phenylalanine improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), decreased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, and increased the endogenous content of proline. Moreover, phenylalanine maintained membrane integrity, manifested by a reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation.
In the current study, chilling injury had a positive correlation with the activities of PAL and antioxidant enzymes. However, negative correlations were observed between the chilling injury and ascorbic acid mass fraction, and antioxidant capacity. Considering the results, phenylalanine treatment could be an encouraging approach to alleviate the severity of chilling injury and thus preserve nutritional quality of plums during low temperature storage.
The global growth of pistachio production has prompted exploration into sustainable agricultural practices, on the application of humic substances such as fulvic acid in enhancing the quality of ...horticultural crops. The present study was carried out in Qom province, Iran, on 20 years old pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv. Kaleh-Ghoochi) trees and investigated the impact of foliar spraying of fulvic acid at varying concentrations (1.5, 3, and 4.5 g L
) on the antioxidant and quality properties of pistachio. The different concentrations of fulvic acid were applied at two key stages: at the initiation of pistachio kernel formation (late June) and the development stage of pistachio kernel (late August), as well as at both time points. Following harvest at the horticulturally mature phase, various parameters, including total phenols, flavonoids, soluble proteins, soluble carbohydrate content, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity, were assessed.
Results indicated that foliar application of fulvic acid, particularly at 1.5 g L
during both late June and August, effectively increased phenolic compounds (31.8%) and flavonoid content (24.53%). Additionally, this treatment also augmented antioxidant capacity and heightened the activity of catalase (CAT) (37.56%), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (63.86%), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (76.45%). Conversely, peroxidase (POX) (41.54%) activity was reduced in fulvic acid-treated nuts compared with controls. Moreover, the content of chlorophyll (45%) and carotenoids (46.7%) was enhanced using this organic fertilizer. In terms of mineral elements, the increment was observed in zinc (Zn) (58.23%) and potassium (K) (28.12%) amounts in treated nuts. Additionally, foliar application of fulvic acid led to elevated levels of soluble carbohydrates and proteins in treated nuts.
In the present study, application of fulvic acid resulted in enhancement of antioxidant activity and quality traits of pistachio nut through an increase in total phenol, flavonoids, chlorophyll, carotenoids, K, Zn, and also activity of antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, use of fulvic acid emerges as a promising strategy to enhance the quality and nutritional attributes of pistachios, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop outcomes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Due to the important economic role of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) the cultivation of this valuable crop has been extended. Various abiotic stresses harm the growth and performance of pistachio. ...Seaweed extract containing various substances such as pseudo-hormones that stimulate growth, nutritional elements, and anti-stress substances can cause more resistance to abiotic stresses, and increase the quantity and the quality of the fruit. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. seaweed extract on some biochemical traits related to abiotic stress in Pistacia vera L. cv. Kaleh-Ghoochi. The first factor of foliar spraying treatment included A. nodosum seaweed extract at four levels (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L), and the second factor was the time of spraying solution which was done at three times (1- at the beginning of pistachio kernel growth period at the end of June, 2- at the stage of full kernel development at the end of August, and 3- Spraying in both late June and August).
The results showed that all investigated traits were significant under the treatment of seaweed extract compared with the control. The seaweed extract concentrations had a significant effect on all traits except soluble carbohydrates, but the time of consumption of seaweed extract on soluble carbohydrates, protein, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes was significant, while had no significant effect on the rest of the traits. According to the interaction effect of time and concentration of consumption of seaweed extract, the highest values of the biochemical characters were as follows: total phenol content: 168.30 mg CAE/g DW, flavonoid content: mg CE/g DW, catalase: 12.66 µmol APX min
mg
protein, superoxide dismutase: 231.4 µmol APX min
mg
protein, and ascorbate peroxidase: 39.53 µmol APX min
mg
protein.
Based on the results of this study, it seems that it is possible to use fertilizers containing A. nodosum seaweed extract with a concentration of 3 g/L in August to increase the tolerance of the pistachio cultivar "Kaleh-Ghoochi" to abiotic stresses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Edible coatings are an appropriate way to preserve the quality of horticultural crops and reduce post-harvest losses. In this study, treatments with proline (Pro), chitosan (CTS) and proline-coated ...chitosan nanoparticles (CTS-Pro NPs) to maintain quality and reduce the decay of strawberry fruit were examined during storage at 4 °C for 12 days. The strawberries were treated with Pro 1 and 5 mM, CTS at 0.1% (w/v), CTS-Pro NPs at 0.1% (w/v) and distilled water (control) at 20 °C for 5 min. Following 3, 6, 9 and 12 days of cold storage, the fruits were removed from refrigeration, and some traits were evaluated one day after storage under shelf-life conditions. The results indicated that the fruit coated with CTS and CTS-Pro NPs showed reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content and less decay and weight loss compared to control and proline. CTS-Pro NPs also preserved fruit quality by conserving higher levels of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity and enzymes. These results confirmed the benefit of using chitosan and CTS-Pro NP coatings to maintain fruit quality and increase the shelf life of strawberries by enhancing their antioxidant system and their ability to eliminate free radicals under cold storage.
Purpose: The application of natural organic compounds without harmful environmental effects in the production of horticultural and agricultural products is considered as a new method to reduce waste ...before and after harvesting, increase the storage life and maintain antioxidant activity in developed agriculture. As regards, this study investigated the impact of foliar applications of brown macroalga extract on antioxidant enzyme activity and mineral uptake in 'Hayward' kiwifruits. Research method: Four treatment levels of brown macroalga extract (0, 1, 2, and 3 g/L) were applied at three distinct phases, occurring 110, 125, and 140 days after full bloom. Fruit samples were stored at 1±0.5°C with 95% relative humidity for 90 days, with measurements taken every 30 days. Findings: Results revealed that the 3 g/L extract treatment significantly increased the uptake of calcium (47.82 %), nitrogen (20.52 %), potassium (12.06 %), phosphorus (19.81 %), and iron (25.77 %) compared to the control. The extract demonstrated a substantial effect on all recorded traits. Among the applied treatments, 3 g/L of brown macroalga extract concentration had the best effect in reducing electrolyte leakage (25.10%), malondialdehyde accumulation (96.73%), hydrogen peroxide content (54.54%) and increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (50.42%), catalase (84.90%), ascorbate peroxidase (79.02%), and peroxidase (49.40%) compared to the control in 90 days of storage. Research limitations: No limitations were found. Originality/Value: The results suggest that the 3 g/L brown macroalga extract concentration holds promise for enhancing the quality of 'Hayward' kiwifruits.
As a major growth limitation, low temperature-induced injuries may adversely affect grape production in many areas. Ten-year-old grapevines ‘Thompson Seedless’ were sprayed with calcium chloride ...(CaCl2) three times at 10-day intervals from 19th September to 8th October 2015 and again in 2016 in a commercial vineyard. Bud samples were collected in December 2015 and 2016, January 2015 and 2016 and February 2016 and 2017. The buds were exposed to freezing treatments: −12, −16, −20, −24, and −28°C for 3 hours, to assess their low temperature tolerance. Moreover, the relationships among freezing tolerance and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity, soluble carbohydrates, proline and total proteins were investigated. Irrespective of foliar spray treatments, the freezing tolerance of buds increased from December to January and decreased in February. Application of CaCl2 at a 1% concentration resulted in increased bud freezing tolerance compared to the control plants. Application of 1% CaCl2 considerably increased the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and total proteins in buds, but had subtle and inconsistent effects on proline. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were increased in response to foliar application of CaCl2; however, inconsistent changes were found in the activities of catalase and peroxidase following CaCl2 application. The results showed that application of 1% CaCl2 increased freezing tolerance of grapevines predominantly via upregulating soluble carbohydrates and total proteins.
The application of some natural compounds and cold storage can reduce postharvest loss and improve fruit quality and storability, which increase the fruit marketing period and exportation to distant ...markets. This study investigated the effectiveness of using coatings based on natural polymers to prolong the shelf life of fruits and protect their tissues from damage. Specifically, the researchers examined the impact of putrescine (PUT), chitosan (CTS) and chitosan–putrescine nano-composites (CTS-PUT NPs) on preserving the quality and reducing decay in strawberry. Strawberries were treated with either 1 mM or 2 mM of PUT, 0.1% CTS, 0.1% CTS-PUT NPs or distilled water at a temperature of 20°C for 5 min and then stored at 4°C for 12 days. At the end of the storage period, the lowest decay percentage was related to the treatments of CTS-PUT NPs and CTS, and the highest was observed in the control. The results showed that all coating treatments effectively prevented the excessive loss of ascorbic acid, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity (TA) compared to control at the end of the storage period. Additionally, strawberries treated with CTS-PUT NPs and CTS demonstrated the highest levels of total anthocyanin and total flavonoid. Antioxidant enzyme activities containing CAT and SOD were preserved at higher levels in treated strawberries than in the control during cold storage. These results confirm that the application of CTS and CTS-PUT NPs can effectively preserve fruit quality and prolong the longevity of strawberries during cold storage by enhancing their antioxidant capacity and scavenging free radicals.
The application of natural polymer-based coatings presents a viable approach to prolong the longevity of fruits and tissue damage. This study investigates the impact of treatments involving glycine ...betaine (GB), chitosan (CTS), and chitosan-coated glycine betaine nanoparticles (CTS-GB NPs) on preserving the quality and reducing decay in strawberry fruits. The fruits were subjected to treatments with GB (1 mM), CTS (0.1%), CTS-GB NPs (0.1%), or distilled water at 20 °C for 5 min, followed by storage at 4 °C for 12 days. The results indicate that CTS and CTS-GB NPs treatments resulted in the highest tissue firmness, total anthocyanin content, and ascorbate peroxidase activity, while exhibiting the lowest decay percentage and weight loss, as well as reduced malondialdehyde levels at the end of storage. GB, CTS, and CTS-GB NPs treatments demonstrated elevated catalase activity and antioxidant capacity, coupled with lower electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide levels. These treatments did not significantly differ from each other but were markedly different from the control. The results substantiate that CTS and CTS-GB NPs treatments effectively preserve strawberry quality and extend storage life by bolstering antioxidant capacity and mitigating free radical damage.
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