Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) is the European programme to establish a European capacity for Earth Observation. GMES is designed to provide European policy makers and public ...authorities with accurate and timely information to better manage the environment, understand and mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure civil security. Sentinel-3 is an Earth observation satellite mission specifically designed for GMES to ensure the long-term collection and operational delivery of high-quality measurements to GMES ocean, land, and atmospheric services, while contributing to the GMES, emergency and security services. Key Sentinel-3 measurement requirements, corresponding to identified GMES user needs, have been derived as follows:•Sea surface topography (SSH), significant wave height (Hs) and surface wind speed derived over the global ocean to an equivalent accuracy and precision as that presently achieved by ENVISAT Radar Altimeter-2 (RA-2) but with enhanced surface topography measurements in the coastal zone, sea ice regions and over inland rivers, their tributaries and lakes.•Sea surface temperature (SST) determined for oceanic and coastal waters globally to an equivalent accuracy and precision as that presently achieved by the ENVISAT Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) over the ocean (i.e. <0.3K), at a spatial resolution of 1km.•Visible, and Short-Wave Infrared radiances for oceanic, inland and coastal waters at a spatial resolution of 0.3km (simultaneously and co-registered with SST measurements), determined to an equivalent level of accuracy and precision as ENVISAT Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer with complete ocean coverage in 2–3days.•Visible and infrared radiances over global land-surfaces in 1–2days, sea-ice and ice-sheets equivalent to those currently provided from ENVISAT MERIS, AATSR and Système Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Vegetation.
The Sentinel-3 mission addresses these requirements by implementing and operating:•A dual frequency, Synthetic Aperture Radar Altimeter (SRAL) instrument supported by a dual frequency passive microwave radiometer (MWR) for wet-tropospheric correction, a Precise Orbit Determination package including a GPS receiver, a DORIS instrument and a laser retro-reflector.•A highly sensitive Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) delivering multi-channel wide-swath optical measurements for ocean and land surfaces.•A dual-view Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) delivering accurate surface ocean, land, and ice temperature.•A collaborative ground segment providing management of the mission, management, development, production and access to core data products in an operational near real time delivery context.
The mission foresees a series of satellites, each having 7-year lifetime, over a 20-year period starting with the launch of Sentinel-3A in late 2013 and of Sentinel-3B in late 2014. During full operations two identical satellites will be maintained in the same orbit with a phase delay of 180°.
This paper provides an overview of the GMES Sentinel-3 mission including the mission background and user requirements, a technical description of the space segment, a brief overview of the ground segment concept, and a summary description of Sentinel-3 data products and their anticipated performance.
► A new satellite mission called Sentinel-3 dedicated to oceanography is described. ► A technical overview of the Sentinel-3 instrument payload is presented. ► A summary of the Sentinel-3 ground segment and operations concept is presented. ► A summary of products derived from Sentinel-3 payload instruments is presented.
Current knowledge of the Earth's gravity field and its geoid, as derived from various observing techniques and sources, is incomplete. Within a reasonable time, substantial improvement will come by ...exploiting new approaches based on spaceborne gravity observation. Among these, the European Space Agency (ESA) Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission concept has been conceived and designed taking into account multi-disciplinary research objectives in solid Earth physics, oceanography and geodesy. Based on the unique capability of a gravity gradiometer combined with satellite-to-satellite high-low tracking techniques, an accurate and detailed global model of the Earth's gravity field and its corresponding geoid will be recovered. The importance of this is demonstrated by a series of realistic simulation experiments. In particular, the quantitative impact of the new and accurate gravity field and geoid is examined in studies of tectonic composition and motion, Glaciological Isostatic Adjustment, ocean mesoscale variability, water mass transport, and unification of height systems. Improved knowledge in each of these fields will also ensure the accumulation of new understanding of past and present sea-level changes.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The sentinel-3 mission overview Seitz, B; Mavrocordatos, C; Rebhan, H ...
2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,
2010-July
Conference Proceeding
In the frame of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) program ESA is currently implementing the Sentinel-3 mission 3, 4. It is designed as a constellation of two identical polar ...orbiting satellites, separated by 180 deg, for the provision of long-term operational marine and land monitoring services. These services include the generation of land and ocean colour products, sea and land surface temperature, vegetation products and sea, ice and land surface topography. With a planned launch in 2013 of the first satellite, the Sentinel-3 mission will provide valuable information for scientists and policy makers in the European Union and its Member States for the next decades. The operational character of this mission implies a high level of availability of the data products and fast delivery time, which have been important design drivers for the mission.
The aim of the study was to investigate the postoperative effect of abdominal sacrocolpopexy (aSCP) versus vaginal sacrospinal fixation (vssF) on the anterior compartment.
In a retrospective study, ...25 patients at 24 months following aSCP (group 1) and 28 patients at 60 months following vssF (group 2) were examined and data collected as to vaginal prolapse, recurrent cystocele or stress incontinence, de novo stress incontinence and urge symptoms. In addition, a review of the literature published from 1970 to 2002 was performed.
Both methods achieved comparable results. We recorded no recurrent vaginal prolapse in either study group. Moderate to severe cystoceles were found postoperatively in 38 % of group 1 and 43 % of group 2. There was no difference in occurrence of urge symptoms. These results are comparable to those published; however, the published rate of occurring cystoceles is slightly lower (11.6 % following vssF, 21.6 % following aSCP).
Both methods are equally successful at achieving a permanent fixation of the vaginal vault. We postulate that higher success rates can only be achieved by a more frequent combination with other operative techniques.
Prachtkorane aus tausend Jahren Rebhan, Helga; Riesterer, Winfried
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft,
01/1999, Letnik:
149, Številka:
2
Journal Article
The Sentinel-3 Mission: Overview and status Donlon, C.; Berruti, B.; Mecklenberg, S. ...
2012 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,
2012-July
Conference Proceeding
The series of Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) Sentinel satellites will continue and extend the European heritage of ENVISAT to provide data to numerous user communities. ...Sentinel-3 is being developed to support GMES Ocean and global Land monitoring services. Two Sentinel-3 satellites are in development with a first launch in 2014 and the second satellite expected approximately 18 months after the first. This paper provides an overview of the Sentinel-3 Mission.
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