AIM： To evaluate the ability of Curcuma Ionga （CL） and Tinospora cordifolia （TC） formulation to prevent anti-tuberculosis （TB） treatment （ATT） induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS： Patients with active TB ...diagnosis were randomized to a drug control group and a trial group on drugs plus an herbal formulation. Isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for first 2 mo followed by continuation phase therapy excluding Pyrazinamide for 4 mo comprised the anti-tuberculous treatment. Curcumin enriched （25%） CL and a hydro-ethanolic extract enriched （50%） TC 1 g each divided in two doses comprised the herbal adjuvant. Hemogram, bilirubin and liver enzymes were tested initially and monthly till the end of study to evaluate the result. RESULTS： Incidence and severity of hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in trial group （incidence： 27/192 vs 2/316, P 〈 0.0001）. Mean aspartate transaminase （AST） （195.93 ± 108.74 vs 85 ± 4.24, P 〈 0.0001）, alanine transaminase （ALT） （75.74 ± 26.54 vs 41 ± 1.41, P 〈 0.0001） and serum bilirubin （5.4 ±3.38 vs 1.5 ±0.42, P 〈 0.0001）. A lesser sputum positivity ratio at the end of 4 wk （10/67 vs 4/137, P = 0.0068） and decreased incidence of poorly resolved parenchymal lesion at the end of the treatment （9/152 vs 2/278, P = 0.0037） was observed. Improved patient compliance was indicated by nil drop-out in trial vs 10/192 in control group （P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： The herbal formulation prevented hepatotoxicity significantly and improved the disease outcome as well as patient compliance without any toxicity or side effects.
•We produced bioactive peptides from fish proteins.•We purified peptide fractions.•We found several ACE-inhibitory peptides.•The active peptides were stable against ACE and gastrointestinal ...enzymes.•The active peptides were small having amino acid sequences of AR, AV and APER
In a view to produce physiologically active peptides, soluble and insoluble fish protein fractions from trevally (Pseudocaranx sp.) were hydrolysed with bromelain and the hydrolysates were used in a systematic screening for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides. The IC50 values of hydrolysates from soluble protein substrate ranged from 1.99 to 3.34 mg/mL, while the values for hydrolysates from insoluble protein substrate ranged from 2.45 to 4.74 mg/mL. Fractionation with RP-HPLC gave three most active peptide fractions labelled as TBS1, TBS2, and TBI2 which showed high potential as ACE-inhibitory agents. The primary structures of the three stable and active peptide fractions are AR, AV, and APER, with molecular weights of 245.28, 188.23, and 471.51 Da, respectively. Simulated gastrointestinal enzyme degradation of the three selected peptide fractions revealed their stability in the gut. In addition the <5 kDa fractions derived from the hydrolysates labelled TSB6h and TIB2h have potential to be used in functional foods.
Various spirooxindoles (7a-c, 8a-c, 9a-c, and 10a-c) were efficiently synthesized using deep eutectic solvent ZnCl
2
+urea and well characterized using IR,
1
H NMR, and
13
C NMR spectroscopic ...techniques. The biological screening results showed that the compound 9a exhibited potent anticancer activity against MCF7 and HeLa cell lines with IC
50
values 6.47 ± 0.01 and 9.14 ± 0.32 µM, respectively. The compound 7c exhibited potent activity against the HeLa cell line with IC
50
value 6.81 ± 0.01 µM. The compound 9a exhibited a potent antioxidant activity with IC
50
value 7.34 ± 0.17 µM. The comparative molecular docking study against the cancer proteins EGFR and HER2 revealed that the EGFR was the best target protein receptor for the target compounds. Among all the compounds, the compound 9a exhibited the least binding energy −10.72 kcal/mol against the protein EGFR (PDB ID: 4HJO).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Control poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT and PEDOT/Cu hybrid films were synthesized by electropolymerization. Control PEDOT films have a granular morphology whereas the PEDOT/Cu hybrid films ...have a fibrillar structure wherein Cu fibers with a face centered cubic lattice are juxtaposed with amorphous polymer particles. The electrical conductivity of the PEDOT/Cu hybrid was found to be 62 times greater and the electrochemical charge storage capacity was superior compared to control PEDOT. The Cu fibers also introduce plasmonic effects which enhance light absorption and induce an appreciable increment in the coloration efficiency of PEDOT from 391cm2C−1 in the control film to 481cm2C−1 in the hybrid (λ=550nm). Faster bleaching kinetics of the order of sub-seconds, higher diffusion coefficient for fluoroalkylphosphate anions and lower charge transfer resistances at the film/electrolyte interface observed in the PEDOT/Cu hybrid relative to control PEDOT are proofs for the conductive and plasmonic effects bestowed by the Cu fibers. The PEDOT/Cu hybrid endures 1000 cycles of coloration and bleaching, without undergoing any significant deterioration in optical contrast, thus demonstrating the applicability of PEDOT/Cu films for transmissive electrochromic devices like smart windows.
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•Electropolymerized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) or PEDOT and PEDOT/Cu hybrid films.•PEDOT/Cu films contain crystalline Cu fibers and amorphous polymer particles.•Electrical conductivity of PEDOT/Cu hybrid is 62 times higher than control PEDOT.•Plasmonic effect of Cu fibers increases PEDOT's optical absorption.•PEDOT/Cu shows a coloration efficiency of 481cm2C−1 suitable for electrochromic applications.
Aryl-14
H-dibenzo
a.jxanthenes are synthesized
via the condensation of β-naphthol with different aromatic aldehydes using an efficient, biodegradable, eco-friendly, reusable solid support acid ...catalyst cellulose sulfuric acid as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions.
The condensation of β-naphthol with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of cellulose sulfuric acid under solvent-free media to afford the corresponding aryl-
14H-dibenzo
a.
jxanthenes in excellent yields and short reaction times is described. The reaction work-up is very simple and the catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused several times in subsequent reactions.
A new ligand, 2‐aminonicotinaldehyde N‐methyl thiosemicarbazone (ANMTSC) and its metal complexes Co(II) (1); Ni(II) (2); Cu(II) (3); Zn(II) (4); Cd(II) (5) or Hg(II) (6) were synthesized. The ...compounds were characterized by analytical methods and various spectroscopic (infrared, magnetic, thermal, 1H, 13C NMR, electronic and ESR) tools. The structure of ANMTSC ligand was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. The spectral data of metal complexes indicate that the ligand acts as mononegative, bidentate coordination through imine nitrogen (N) and thiocarbonyl sulphur (S−) atoms. The proposed geometries for complexes were octahedral (1–2), distorted octahedral (3) and tetrahedral (4–6). Computational details of theoretical calculations (DFT) of complexes have been discussed. The compounds were subjected to antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, ROS, studies and EGFR targeting molecular docking analysis. Complex 5 has shown excellent antibacterial activity and the complexes 2 and 5 have shown good antifungal activity. The complexes 1 and 4 displayed good antioxidant property with IC50 values of 11.17 ± 1.92 μM and 10.79 ± 1.85 μM, respectively compared to standard. In addition, in vitro anticancer activity of the compounds was investigated against HeLa, MCF‐7, A549, IMR‐32 and HEK 293 cell lines. Among all the compounds, complex 4 was more effective against HeLa (IC50 = 10.28 ± 0.69 μM), MCF‐7 (IC50 = 9.80 ± 0.83 μM), A549 (IC50 = 11.08 ± 0.57 μM) and IMR‐32 (10.41 ± 0.60 μM) exhibited superior anticancer activity IC50 = 9.80 ± 0.83 (4) and 9.91 ± 0.37 μM (1) against MCF‐7 compared with other complexes.
The new ligand, 2‐aminonicotinaldehyde N‐methyl thiosemicarbazone (ANMTSC) and its metal complexes Co(II) (1); Ni(II) (2); Cu(II) (3); Zn(II) (4); Cd(II) (5) or Hg(II) (6) were synthesized and characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic methods. The structure of ligand was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. DFT studies and calculations of complexes have been discussed. The compounds were subjected to antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, ROS, studies and EGFR targeting molecular docking analysis.
A novel series of barbiturate and thiobarbiturate analogs of 2-benzoyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-5
H-furo3,2-
gchromene-6-carbaldehydes (
3a–
g and
4a–
d, respectively) and ...6-methyl-4,8-dioxo-4,8-dihydropyrano3,2-
gchromenes (
7a–
c), were synthesized and evaluated for their antitubercular activities against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, and cytotoxicity (CC
50) in the VERO cell MABA assay. The results indicate that the furanochromene series of compounds (
3a–
g and
4a–
d) showed only weak to moderate antitubercular activity. However, the pyranochromene analog
7b showed good antitubercular activity (IC
90: 5.9
μg/mL) and cytotoxicity (CC
50: 14.27
μg/mL). The antitubercular activity of
7b was superior to the antituberculosis drug, pyrazinamide (PZA; IC
90: >20
μg/mL). Analog
7b was considered to be a lead compound for subsequent structural optimization.
A novel series of barbiturate and thiobarbiturate analogs of 2-benzoyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-5
H-furo3,2-
gchromene-6-carbaldehydes (
3a–
g and
4a–
d, respectively) and 6-methyl-4,8-dioxo-4,8-dihydropyrano3,2-
gchromenes (
7a–
c), were synthesized and evaluated for their antitubercular activities against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, and cytotoxicity (CC
50) in the VERO cell MABA assay. The results indicate that the furanochromene series of compounds (
3a–
g and
4a–
d) showed only weak to moderate antitubercular activity. However, the pyranochromene analog
7b showed good antitubercular activity (IC
90: 5.9
μg/mL) and cytotoxicity (CC
50: 14.27
μg/mL). The antitubercular activity of
7b was superior to the antituberculosis drug, pyrazinamide (PZA; IC
90: >20
μg/mL). Analog
7b was considered to be a lead compound for subsequent structural optimization.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) controls many physiological pathways, and is implicated in many diseases including Alzheimer's and several cancers. GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of target ...residues in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPTAU) contributes to MAPTAU hyperphosphorylation and subsequent formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Inhibitors of GSK3β protect against Alzheimer's disease and are therapeutic for several cancers. A thiadiazolidinone drug, TDZD-8, is a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor targeting GSK3β with demonstrated efficacy against multiple diseases. However, no experimental data or models define the binding mode of TDZD-8 with GSK3β, which chiefly reflects our lack of an established inactive conformation for this protein. Here, we used metadynamic simulation to predict the three-dimensional structure of the inactive conformation of GSK3β. Our model predicts that phosphorylation of GSK3β Serine9 would hasten the DFG-flip to an inactive state. Molecular docking and simulation predict the TDZD-8 binding conformation of GSK3β to be inactive, and are consistent with biochemical evidence for the TDZD-8-interacting residues of GSK3β. We also identified the pharmacophore and assessed binding efficacy of second-generation TDZD analogs (TDZD-10 and Tideglusib) that bind GSK3β as non-ATP-competitive inhibitors. Based on these results, the predicted inactive conformation of GSK3β can facilitate the identification of novel GSK3β inhibitors of high potency and specificity.
Ophioglossum L. commonly known as "adder's tongue fern", has been of great interest due to the highest number of chromosomes in any organism so far known in biological world. Here, a new species of ...adder's tongue fern has been discovered and reported from Western Ghats of India. It is prominently distinct from the other known taxa in Ophioglossaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis of three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions (trnL-F, rbcL and psbA-trnH) unambiguously designate this adder's tongue fern as the distinct lineage and is sister to the clade containing O. parvifolium and O. nudicaule. Azolla caroliniana - an aquatic fern (average size, 0.5-1.5 cm), is the smallest fern on the earth. Our discovery discloses a new species of adder's tongue fern and ranking it among the smallest terrestrial fern in the world, attaining an average size of only 1-1.2 cm.
Everyday human interaction heavily relies on emotions, which play a pivotal role in fostering genuine human-machine interaction. Emotional equilibrium is crucial for individual well-being, with ...regular meditation being a widely acknowledged means to achieve it. This study delves into the effect of meditation on emotional responses using Electroencephalography (EEG) technology. EEG can establish correlations between mental attributes and emotional states, with four emotions (Thrilled, Angry, Sad, and Relax) used as categorized stimuli based on valence-stimulation. Functional connectivity in EEG brainwave activity is compared during these four emotions both before and after meditation sessions. Results demonstrate that meditation promotes more cohesive emotional experiences, albeit with a reduction in classification accuracy observed after an 8-week meditation regimen. This research utilizes EEG data to develop a classification system for discerning familiarity levels within EEG signals, employing the Hjorth Descriptor to condense signal characteristics into three distinct criteria. A Multilayer Perceptron classifier, leveraging input parameters, achieves a peak accuracy of 96% through a combined application of three functions.
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