N-body simulations of the Sun, the planets, and small celestial bodies are frequently used to model the evolution of the Solar System. Large numbers of numerical integrators for performing such ...simulations have been developed and used; see, for example, 1,2. The primary objective of this paper is to analyse and compare the efficiency and the error growth for different numerical integrators. Throughout the paper, the error growth is examined in terms of the global errors in the positions and velocities, and the relative errors in the energy and angular momentum of the system. We performed numerical experiments for the different integrators applied to the Jovian problem over a long interval of duration, as long as one million years, with the local error tolerance ranging from 10 super(-16 )to 10 super(-18).
The major objective of this research is to investigate the effect of coworker and supervisor incivility on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through the mediation effect of interpersonal ...deviance (ID) and the moderation effect of perceived organizational support (POS). The population of the study consist of employees working in the banking sector of Pakistan. The sample size of the study was 360 which was selected according to response to rate theory. The structured questioner was used to collect data from respondents. The data was analyzed through correlation and regression analysis and AMOS was used to check the mediation and moderation effect. The results explain that ID is fully mediate between coworker and supervisor incivility and OCB. POS moderate the relationship between coworker and supervisor incivility and OCB. The limitations of the study are that the current study only targets banking employees to check the above relationship. In the future, the researcher suggests to check the relationship by adding some other variables like cultural dimension or economic factor as a moderator to enhance more understanding about this topic.
An integral domain is called {\em Globalized multiplicatively pinched-Dedekind domain \((\)GMPD domain\()\)} if every nonzero non-invertible ideal can be written as \(JP_1\cdots P_k\) with \(J\) ...invertible ideal and \(P_1,...,P_k\) distinct ideals which are maximal among the nonzero non-invertible ideals, cf. \cite{DumII}. The GMPD domains with only finitely many overrings have been recently studied in \cite{SU}. In this paper we find the exact number of quasi-local overrings of GMPD domains that only finitely many overrings. Also we study the effect of quasi-local overrings on the properties of GMPD domains. Moreover, we consider the structure of the partially ordered set of prime ideals (ordered under inclusion) in a GMPD domain.
Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper-accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two ...indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential. In terms of dry biomass production, the strain RSF-6L showed higher tolerance and accumulation capacity for Cd toxicity in comparison to RSF-4L. Therefore, RSF-6L was applied in vivo to S. nigrum and grown for six weeks under Cd concentrations of 0, 10, and 30mgKg−1 of dry sand. The effect of fungal inoculation assessed by plant physiological responses, endogenous biochemical regulations, and Cd profile in different tissues. Significant increase were observed in plant growth attributes such as shoot length, root length, dry biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in inoculated RSF-6L plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants with or without Cd contamination. RSF-6L inoculation decreased uptake of Cd in roots and above ground parts, as evidenced by a low bio-concentration factor (BCF) and improved tolerance index (TI). However, Cd concentration in the leaves remained the same for inoculated and non-inoculated plants under Cd spiking. Fungal inoculation protected the host plants, as evidenced by low peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities and high catalase (CAT) activity. Application of appropriate fungal inoculation that can improve tolerance mechanisms of hyper-accumulators and reduce Cd uptake can be recommended for phyto-stabilisation/immobilisation of heavy metals in crop fields.
•Integrated plant-microbe phytoremediation is gaining attraction worldwide.•The host plant was inoculated with fungal endophyte RSF-6L under Cd contamination.•Cd contamination significantly retards plant growth attributes.•Inoculation with the fungal strain RSF-6L increases the growth parameters.
The present study aims to highlight the issue with a specific reference of the information professionals about "English language as a barrier" in their research productivity. It further explores how ...information professionals acknowledge the challenges related to language barriers and to know their training needs to learn the (four) skills of English. The researchers proceed with a brief history of English as a "lingua franca" and how it turned out to be a barrier in the path of researchers belonging to information professionals. Survey method of quantitative research approach is used to probe out the issue regarding how the language can reduce the research productivity. A structured questionnaire was developed to conduct the research. Through convenient sampling technique, 357 information professionals, librarians and LIS research students were selected as sample and accessed to collect the data. Only 258 (72%) valid responses were received and considered to obtain the results. The study found that English language is a huge barrier for the research productivity of the respondents. The respondents also agree that there is positive relationship between training to learn English language and the research productivity. Respondents need training for all in four skills like reading, speaking, writing and listening. The results also show significant difference in language as a barrier based on gender, qualification and type of institute. The study also reveals that with the help of training sessions, the research productivity can be increased. This study will help the LIS schools to revise their syllabus as per need of the stake holders. Professional associations, policy makers and students can address this issue on professional and academic platform to overcome the language gap and deficiencies. The present research also put a stress to make English language as a mandatory part of the curriculum to increase the research productivity among information professionals.
A joint combination of interacting network of physical components and computational algorithms form cyber-physical system (CPS). Cyber-physical systems are intended to improve the quality of life by ...forming a sound basis of emerging smart services. There is a need to apply CPS in different fields to acquire the prominent result and therefore, we have applied CPS in the car parking management system. Looking for parking space waste a lot of time as a user has to search for parking space, since lack of car parking information. It results in traffic congestion, environmental pollution making the environment more badly. A lot of approaches have been developed to solve this problem but they are insufficient either they are not sufficient to cope with the user needs and they are not able to communicate properly with the external interfaces or they are much costly. The proposed solution based on CPS, solve the problem of car parking system. The proposed solution is effective and efficient as the user will enter location details using the smartphone app and send it to the server. The server will search for the available parking slots, getting information from sensors and send it back to the user with the route directions. The user will follow that particular route and park vehicle at the area designated by the server. The proposed solution is a novel approach to solve the car parking problem using cyber-physical system.
Abstract ORAI1 is the pore-forming subunit of the calcium release-activated calcium channel responsible for calcium influx into cells triggered by endoplasmic reticulum store depletion. We report ...here a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency and absent store-operated calcium entry due to a novel mutation in ORAI1 that results in the expression of a C-terminally truncated protein that abolishes ORAI1 binding to STIM1.
Students' engagement of Social Networking Sites (SNS) has substantially influenced their social, personal, and academic lives. However whether students in Pakistani universities are aware of its ...roles and its respective influence has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate students' behavioral attitude (perceptions, gratification, awareness, usage patterns etc.) towards SNS. Using self-administered survey questionnaires, data were collected from a sample of postgraduate students at the University of Peshawar, Pakistan. The findings revealed a significant level of awareness of the role of SNS, of which YouTube, Facebook, and Flicker are widely used sites by the study participants. However, generalized use of SNS specifically, Wiki, RSS, Twitter, and MySpace is not considered academic or for research purposes, but for sheer gratification, and sociability. Further, laptops and smart phones were found to be the primary tools of access to SNS at university and/or homes. Additionally, entertainment and friendship were specified as the foremost prompts for using SNS. A primary obstacle indicated by participants is power failure. This study has manifold implications such as: a) social implications- parents and teachers should educate students about the inventive, academic, and safe use of SNS. This will impede the ills of SNS that have resulted in the reduction of learning and research capabilities; b) practical implications- authorities should make more precise policies for the use of SNS in the universities. To this end class orientations are suggested to inform students about the academic use of SNS and; c) theoretical implications- as students' intention of using SNS are gratification, sociability etc., thus the theory of Uses and Gratification is supported.
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