Vertebral fracture is one of the major adverse clinical consequences of osteoporosis; however, there are few data concerning the incidence of vertebral fracture in population samples of men and ...women. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of vertebral fracture in European men and women. A total of 14,011 men and women aged 50 years and over were recruited from population‐based registers in 29 European centers and had an interviewer‐administered questionnaire and lateral spinal radiographs performed. The response rate for participation in the study was approximately 50%. Repeat spinal radiographs were performed a mean of 3.8 years following the baseline film. All films were evaluated morphometrically. The definition of a morphometric fracture was a vertebra in which there was evidence of a 20% (+4 mm) or more reduction in anterior, middle, or posterior vertebral height between films—plus the additional requirement that a vertebra satisfy criteria for a prevalent deformity (using the McCloskey‐Kanis method) in the follow‐up film. There were 3174 men, mean age 63.1 years, and 3614 women, mean age 62.2 years, with paired duplicate spinal radiographs (48% of those originally recruited to the baseline survey). The age standardized incidence of morphometric fracture was 10.7/1000 person years (pyr) in women and 5.7/1000 pyr in men. The age‐standardized incidence of vertebral fracture as assessed qualitatively by the radiologist was broadly similar—12.1/1000 pyr and 6.8/1000 pyr, respectively. The incidence increased markedly with age in both men and women. There was some evidence of geographic variation in fracture occurrence; rates were higher in Sweden than elsewhere in Europe. This is the first large population‐based study to ascertain the incidence of vertebral fracture in men and women over 50 years of age across Europe. The data confirm the frequent occurrence of the disorder in men as well as in women and the rise in incidence with age.
The aims of this study were to determine the accuracy of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the detection of the primary tumor and its metastases in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in a large ...patient population, and to investigate the course of somatostatin uptake in primary tumors during therapy.
In a total of 100 patients, 134 examinations were performed. Twenty-seven of the patients were examined before and after chemotherapy. Planar whole-body images were acquired 4 hr and 24 hr after injection of approximately 200 MBq (111)In-pentetreotide. SPECT of the thorax was performed after 24 hr. Tumor-to-background (T/B) ratios for the primary tumor were averaged from anterior and posterior projections.
Compared to conventional investigations, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) visualized the primary tumor with varying degrees of uptake in 96% of the examinations. Regional metastases and distant metastases were detected in 60% and 45% of the examinations, respectively. The uptake of the somatostatin analog by the primary tumor was significantly lower in the patients examined during chemotherapy as compared to those examined before treatment (T/B ratio = 1.94+/-0.79 versus 2.35+/-0.9, p < 0.005). A decrease in T/B ratio was noted in patients with remission at the time of SRS (from 2.40+/-1.56 to 1.63+/-0.72, p < 0.05). No difference in the pretreatment uptake of octreotide by the primary tumor was identified between patients with tumor progression and those with partial or complete remission.
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy has a high sensitivity in the detection of the primary tumor in SCLC but fails in the detection of metastases. Thus, SRS does not provide useful information for staging of SCLC. Since somatostatin uptake by the primary tumor is affected by chemotherapy, it may be used to follow up on the course of SCLC.
Hintergrund:
Die Kupffer'schen Sternzellen (KS) scheinen eine wichtige pathophysiologische Rolle zu spielen für das gehäufte Zusammentreffen von Varizenblutungen und bakteriellen Infektionen (z.B. ...Steib CJ
et al.
, GUT 2010). Wir untersuchten, ob eine Behandlung mit dem Antibiotikum Rifaximin, das fast ausschließlich lokal im Darm wirkt, zu einer Reduktion des portalen Druckes führt.
Methoden:
Bei männlichen Sprague-Dawley Ratten wurde 4 Wochen nach Gallengangsligatur (BDL) und nach 18 Wochen Thioacetamid (TAA)-Gabe
in vivo
der portale Druck gemessen. 10 Tage vor Versuchsbeginn (also d18 nach BDL, bzw. d116 TAA-Gabe, je n=8) wurde in der Behandlungsgruppe das Kontrollfutter durch ein mit Rifaximin (im Mittel ca. 10mg Rifaximin/Tag/Tier) angereichertes Futter ersetzt. Zusätzlich wurde in einer weiteren Interventionsgruppe LPS (4mg/kg KG) über 6 Minuten verabreicht (je n=8). Mesenteriale Lymphknoten wurden bzgl. bakterieller Besiedelung untersucht.
Ergebnisse:
Alle Lebern zeigten histologisch eine ausgeprägte Fibrose (F3/F4); alle Tiere hatten Aszites und einen signifikant erhöhten Portaldruck
in vivo
(BDL: 22,4±2,2, TAA: 17,6±1,9 vs. 7,2±1,7cm H
2
O). Die Vorbehandlung mit Rifaximin führte zu einem deutlich niedrigeren portalen Druck
in vivo
: BDL: 17,3±2,1cm H
2
O, TAA: 12,4±1,9cm H
2
O. Dieser erniedrigte portale Druck blieb über 50 Minuten stabil. Die Gabe von LPS führt zu einem Anstieg des portalen Druckes; der maximale portale Druck wurde durch Gabe von Rifaximin reduziert (BDL: 22,8±2,4cm H
2
O vs. 30,2±2,7cm H
2
O; TAA: 19,6±2,3cm H
2
O vs. 26,3cm H
2
O; p<0,05). Nach Rifaximin-Behandlung fanden sich in den mesenterialen Lymphknoten signifikant weniger Bakterien.
Zusammenfassung:
Rifaximin führt zu einer Reduktion der bakteriellen Besiedelung in mesenterialen Lymphknoten. Dies geht mit einem reduzierten portalen Druck einher. Ein zusätzliches Einschwemmen von LPS in die Pfortader führt nach Rifaximin-Behandlung zu einem reduzierten Anstieg des portalen Druckes. Rifaximin scheint deshalb eine mögliche Therapieoption bei portaler Hypertension, z.B. bei Patienten auf Intensivstation, bei denen eine selektive Darmdekontamination auch aus anderen Gründen sinnvoll ist.
(unterstützt durch DFG STE 1022/2–3 und unrestricted grant from Norgine).
FLM 5011 belongs to a group of chemical compounds with isolated lipoxygenase products in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages. FLM 5011 has been shown to be protective against ...arachidonic acid-induced bronchoconstriction in vitro and in vivo. No severe side-effects were found in extensive tests on acute and subchronic toxicity in animals. In preliminary investigations on patients with severe active myocarditis impressive clinical and histological improvements after administration of FLM 5011 have been obtained, suggesting an antiinflammatory effect of the substance. A follow-up of more than 13 months compared with conventional immunosuppressive therapy indicates potential therapeutic value of this compound on the inflamed myocardium.
Thirty-two fetuses, six with prune-belly syndrome, seven with renal cyst, 19 with obstructive uropathy, underwent intrauterine fluid aspiration during weeks 15-37 of gestation. Fluid samples were ...analysed for Na, K, creatinine, urea, alpha 1-, and beta 2-microglobulin. Aspirate concentrations of sodium below 130 mmol/L and creatinine above 115 mumol/L indicate an active kidney and exclude a renal cyst. However, aspirates from fetal cysts or fetuses with obstructive uropathy showed analyte concentrations for sodium, potassium, creatinine, and urea corresponding to extracellular fluid (ECF). In conclusion fluid aspirates of fetuses with ultrasonographically detectable cystic cavities in the abdomen should be examined for sodium and creatinine to assess remaining renal function for planning of obstetric management.
Pulmonary hypertension with right ventricular hypertrophy (Cor pulmonale) is a critical complication in cystic fibrosis patients. Early detection and therapy might decrease mortality. Noninvasive ...diagnostic methods as vector-ECG, m-mode echocardiography and thallium myocardial scintigraphy were performed in 50 children with cystic fibrosis to determine the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy.
A small set of final prototypes of the ATLAS Inner Detector silicon tracker (Pixel and SCT) were used to take data during the 2004 Combined Test Beam. Data were collected from runs with beams of ...different flavour (electrons, pions, muons and photons) with a momentum range of 2 to 180 GeV/c. Four independent methods were used to align the silicon modules. The corrections obtained were validated using the known momenta of the beam particles and were shown to yield consistent results among the different alignment approaches. From the residual distributions, it is concluded that the precision attained in the alignment of the silicon modules is of the order of 5 micrometers in their most precise coordinate.
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