Heart failure and Alzheimer′s disease Cermakova, P.; Eriksdotter, M.; Lund, L. H. ...
Journal of internal medicine,
April 2015, Letnik:
277, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
It has recently been proposed that heart failure is a risk factor for Alzheimer′s disease. Decreased cerebral blood flow and neurohormonal activation due to heart failure may contribute to the ...dysfunction of the neurovascular unit and cause an energy crisis in neurons. This leads to the impaired clearance of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, resulting in the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this article, we will summarize the current understanding of the relationship between heart failure and Alzheimer′s disease based on epidemiological studies, brain imaging research, pathological findings and the use of animal models. The importance of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure and valve disease as well as the effect of relevant medications will be discussed.
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the association between elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) and poor prognosis in variety of diseases is unknown although many researchers consider RDW a ...marker of inflammation. We hypothesized that RDW directly affects intravascular hemodynamics, interactions between circulating cells and vessel wall, inducing local changes predisposing to atherothrombosis. We applied different human and animal models to verify our hypothesis. Carotid plaques harvested from patients with high RDW had increased expression of genes and proteins associated with accelerated atherosclerosis as compared to subjects with low RDW. In microfluidic channels samples of blood from high RDW subjects showed flow pattern facilitating direct interaction with vessel wall. Flow pattern was also dependent on RDW value in mouse carotid arteries analyzed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In different mouse models of elevated RDW accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions in aortas was observed. Therefore, comprehensive biological, fluid physics and optics studies showed that variation of red blood cells size measured by RDW results in increased interactions between vascular wall and circulating morphotic elements which contribute to vascular pathology.
Heart failure and Alzheimer's disease Cermakova, P; Eriksdotter, M; Lund, L H ...
Journal of internal medicine,
04/2015, Letnik:
277, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
It has recently been proposed that heart failure is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Decreased cerebral blood flow and neurohormonal activation due to heart failure may contribute to the ...dysfunction of the neurovascular unit and cause an energy crisis in neurons. This leads to the impaired clearance of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, resulting in the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this article, we will summarize the current understanding of the relationship between heart failure and Alzheimer's disease based on epidemiological studies, brain imaging research, pathological findings and the use of animal models. The importance of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure and valve disease as well as the effect of relevant medications will be discussed.
During breast cancer progression, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) switches from acting as a growth inhibitor to become a major promoter of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion ...and metastasis. However, the mechanisms involved in this switch are not clear. We found that loss of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), a differentiation factor for the mammary epithelium, was associated with signs of EMT in triple-negative human breast cancer, and in invasive areas of mammary tumors in MMTV-PyMT mice. Using an established model of TGF-β-induced EMT in mouse mammary gland epithelial cells, we discovered that C/EBPβ was repressed during EMT by miR-155, an oncomiR in breast cancer. Depletion of C/EBPβ potentiated the TGF-β response towards EMT, and contributed to evasion of the growth inhibitory response to TGF-β. Furthermore, loss of C/EBPβ enhanced invasion and metastatic dissemination of the mouse mammary tumor cells to the lungs after subcutaneous injection into mice. The mechanism by which loss of C/EBPβ promoted the TGF-β response towards EMT, invasion and metastasis, was traced to a previously uncharacterized role of C/EBPβ as a transcriptional activator of genes encoding the epithelial junction proteins E-cadherin and coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor. The results identify miR-155-mediated loss of C/EBPβ as a mechanism, which promotes breast cancer progression by shifting the TGF-β response from growth inhibition to EMT, invasion and metastasis.
The article presents results of investigation concerning an influence of tannery wastewater composition on chromium(III) concentration in the wastewaters during the nanofiltration process (NF). The ...effectiveness of this process strongly depends on mutual relation between chloride and sulfate ions concentration in tannery wastewater. For this reason, the optimum composition of the tannery wastewater should consist chloride/sulfate ions ratio close to 1. Moreover, an influence of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and the “ageing” of chromium tannery wastewater on the efficiency of the process has been investigated. Optimal range of TMP equal to 14–16bar has been assumed for the process. It is necessary to point out that the optimum transmembrane pressure can be changed in the case of the membranes with different permeation properties. “Ageing” of the tannery wastewater reduces only a little an efficiency of the process. Experimental results demonstrated that the NF process could be successfully used for the concentration of chromium in the tannery wastewater with high permeate flux, selectivity and performance stability.
The effect of the anionic surfactant on the permeation properties of the nanofiltration (NF) membranes used for chromium(III) recovery from saline solution at low pH have been presented in this ...paper. The membrane surface layer performance periodically modified by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution has been studied with measurements of zeta potential, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and permeability coefficient of tested membranes. It was found that the membrane surface layer modification by SDS caused a substantial reduction in the possibility of separation of loose NF membrane characterized by a high density of positively charged groups activating under the effect of the low pH of the saline solutions (HL membrane). On the other hand, in the case of dense NF membranes characterized by a strong negatively charged surface (DL membrane) constituting used the SDS improves the separation of chloride and chromium(III) ions. In this case, the surfactant solution also provides a high membrane permeability coefficient behavior over a long period of use. DL membrane modification by SDS allowed both to retain the stable membrane working for a long period and to limit the frequency of the chemical cleaning of this membrane.
Results of studies of the effects of concentrate salt solutions characterized by low pH, on the nanofiltration membrane surface properties used for the separation of chromium(III) have been presented ...in this paper. It was shown that the low pH of the concentrate salt solutions and cleaning bath with hydrochloric acid irreversibly altered the charge of tested membranes. As the consequence an instability of permeability and selectivity of the membrane during the process was noticed. The effect of alkaline bath used after cleaning with a solution of hydrochloric acid to regenerate the surface charge of tested membranes was also examined. The results showed that the use of bath in the form of sodium hydroxide leads to the partial recovery of a low surface charge of the membranes. In addition a significant improvement in the stability of the tested NF membranes used for the separation of chromium(III) from concentrate salt solutions at low pH was observed. Moreover, SEM images obtained for the tested membranes cleaned with solutions of HCl and NaOH indicated no mechanical defects in the structure of the examined membranes.
► Low pH and high salt concentration in chromium solution modified NF membrane surface ► Two washing procedures to reproduce the properties of NF membranes was analyzed ► Potential zeta, SEM and permeability of membranes was determined ► Membrane bathing with HCl reduced its scaling but not the surface charge reproduced ► Mixed HCl–NaOH bath leads both reduce of membrane scaling and recovery its charge
Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a risk factor for acute and chronic rejection of transplanted organs and is thought to mediate rejection indirectly. Methods. In this retrospective ...observational cohort study, early-and end-stage biopsies from renal allografts lost because of chronic allograft dysfunction (n = 29) were examined for CMV antigens and DNA using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. CMV immediate-early and late proteins were present in 27 (93%) of 29 of the end-stage chronic allograft dysfunction biopsies and in 64% of the corresponding early biopsies but not in pretransplant biopsies from CMV-seronegative donors (n = 3). Graft survival time was reduced in patients with moderate or high CMV levels in the graft soon after transplantation compared with that in patients with no or low CMV levels in the graft. No significant difference was observed in serum creatinine obtained at the time of early biopsies. Conclusions. We provide evidence that intragraft CMV protein expression is associated with end-stage chronic renal allograft dysfunction, that intragraft CMV levels increase as graft function deteriorates, and that CMV protein expression in the grafts soon after transplant is associated with reduced graft survival. Thus, CMV may have a pathological role in chronic renal allograft dysfunction.
► Nanofiltration of model tannery solution was studied. ► The influence of the chlorides and sulfates concentration as well as Cl
−/
SO
4
2
-
ratio was analyzed. ► The optimum Cl
−/
SO
4
2
-
ratio in ...feed was below 1. ► Nanofiltration of chromium tannery wastewater with the recirculation of part of permeate was proposed.
The possibility of increasing of chloride ions in permeate, with keeping high chromium(III) retention, during nanofiltration of salt mixture solution characterized by very low pH has been investigated. An influence of the initial chlorides concentration and the relationship between chlorides and sulfates concentration on permeate composition and chromium(III) concentration factor was analyzed. Based on the obtained results the initial chlorides (on level 12–16
gCl
−/dm
3) and sulfates concentration as well as Cl
−/
SO
4
2
-
ratio (below 1) in the feed has been determined. The obtained results allowed to offer the new approach to nanofiltration of chromium tannery wastewater by the recirculation of part of permeate for obtaining the optimum feed composition. In this way the conducted nanofiltration of chromium tannery wastewater will enable the direct reuse of both retentate – recovered tanning bath (high concentration of chromium) and permeate – recovered pickling bath (high concentration of chloride ions).
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