Elevated temperature as a result of global climate warming, either in form of sudden heatwave (heat shock) or prolonged warming, has profound effects on the growth and development of plants. However, ...how plants differentially respond to these two forms of elevated temperatures is largely unknown. Here we have therefore performed a comprehensive comparison of multi-level responses of Arabidopsis leaves to heat shock and prolonged warming.
The plant responded to prolonged warming through decreased stomatal conductance, and to heat shock by increased transpiration. In carbon metabolism, the glycolysis pathway was enhanced while the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was inhibited under prolonged warming, and heat shock significantly limited the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A. The cellular concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased under both conditions but exhibited a higher induction under heat shock. Interestingly, the transcription factors, class A1 heat shock factors (HSFA1s) and dehydration responsive element-binding proteins (DREBs), were up-regulated under heat shock, whereas with prolonged warming, other abiotic stress response pathways, especially basic leucine zipper factors (bZIPs) were up-regulated instead.
Our findings reveal that Arabidopsis exhibits different response patterns under heat shock versus prolonged warming, and plants employ distinctly different response strategies to combat these two types of thermal stress.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Magnetic nanomaterials were functionalized with dopamine hydrochloride as the functional reagent to afford a core–shell-type Fe
3
O
4
modified with polydopamine (Fe
3
O
4
@PDA) composite, which was ...used for the adsorption of cadmium ions from an aqueous solution. In addition, the effects of environmental factors on the adsorption capacity were investigated. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics of the adsorbents were discussed. Results revealed that the adsorption of cadmium by Fe
3
O
4
@PDA reaches equilibrium within 120 min, and kinetic fitting data are consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetics (
R
2
> 0.999). The adsorption isotherm of Cd
2+
on Fe
3
O
4
@PDA was in agreement with the Freundlich model, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 21.58 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that adsorption is inherently endothermic and spontaneous. Results obtained from the adsorption–desorption cycles revealed that Fe
3
O
4
@PDA exhibits ultra-high adsorption stability and reusability. Furthermore, the adsorbents were easily separated from water under an enhanced external magnetic field after adsorption due to the introduction of an iron-based core. Hence, this study demonstrates a promising magnetic nano-adsorbent for the effective removal of cadmium from cadmium-containing wastewater.
Graphical Abstract
Solar‐driven high‐efficiency and direct conversion of methane into high‐value‐added liquid oxygenates against overoxidation remains a great challenge. Herein, facile and mass fabrication of low‐cost ...tungsten single‐atom photocatalysts is achieved by directly calcining urea and sodium tungstate under atmosphere (W‐SA‐PCN‐m, urea amount m = 7.5, 15, 30, and 150 g). The single‐atom photocatalysts can manage H2O2 in situ generation and decomposition into ·OH, thus achieving highly efficient CH4 photooxidation in water vapor under mild conditions. Systematic investigations demonstrate that integration of multifunctions of methane activation, H2O2 generation, and decomposition into one photocatalyst can dramatically promote methane conversion to C1 oxygenates with a yield as high as 4956 µmol gcat−1, superior to that of the most reported non‐precious photocatalysts. Liquid–solid phase transition can induce the products to facilely switch in from HCOOH to CH3OH by pulling the catalyst above water with CH3OH/HCOOH ratio from 10% (in H2O) to 80% (above H2O).
The mass fabrication of low‐cost tungsten single atom photocatalysts is achieved by directly calcining urea and sodium tungstate under atmosphere. These single‐atom photocatalysts can manage H2O2 in situ generation and decomposition into ·OH to achieve highly efficient CH4 photooxidation in water vapor, and the products can be facilely switched from HCOOH to CH3OH by the liquid–solid phase transition.
Context
To gain a deeper understanding of zinc-doped boron clusters, theoretical calculations were performed to investigate the size effects and electronic properties of zinc-doped boron clusters. ...The study of the electronic properties, spectral characteristics, and geometric structures of Zn
B
n
(
n
= 1–15) is of great significance in the fields of semiconductor materials science, material detection, and improving catalytic efficiency. The results indicate that Zn
B
n
(
n
= 1–15) clusters predominantly exhibit planar or quasi-planar structures, with the Zn atom positioned in the outer regions of the
B
n
framework. The second stable structure of Zn
B
3
is a three-dimensional configuration, indicating that the structures of zinc-doped boron clusters begin to convert from the planar or quasi-planar structures to the 3D configurations. The second low-energy structure of Zn
B
15
is a novel configuration. Relative stability analyses show that the Zn
B
12
has better chemical stability than other clusters with a HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.79 eV. Electric charge analysis shows that part electrons on zinc atoms are transferred to boron atoms, and electrons prefer to cluster near the
B
n
framework. According to the electron localization function, it gets harder to localize electrons as the equivalent face value drops, and it’s challenging to see covalent bond formation between zinc and boron atoms. The spectrograms of Zn
B
n
(
n
= 1–15) exhibit distinct properties and notable spectral features, which can be used as a theoretical basis for the identification and confirmation of boron clusters doped with single-atom transition metals.
Methods
The calculations were performed using the ABCluster global search technique combined with density functional theory (DFT) methods. The selected low-energy structures were subjected to geometric optimization and frequency calculations at the PBE0/6-311
+
G(d) level to ensure structural stability and eliminate any imaginary frequencies. To acquire more precise relative energies, we performed single-point energies calculations for the low-lying isomers of Zn
B
n
(
n
= 1–15) at the CCSD(T)/6-311
+
G(d)//PBE0/6-311
+
G(d) level of theory. All calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 software. To facilitate analysis, we utilized software tools such as Multiwfn, and VMD.
(Tratt.) Seidel (Poaceae) is an ephemeral grass from the monotypic genus
Seidl, which grows on wet muddy areas such as fishponds or reservoirs. As a rare species with strict habitat requirements, it ...is protected at international and national levels. In this study, we sequenced its whole chloroplast genome for the first time using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology on the Illumina platform, and performed a comparative and phylogenetic analysis with the related species in Poaceae. The complete chloroplast genome of
.
is 135,915 bp in length, with a quadripartite structure having two 21,529 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs) dividing the entire circular genome into a large single copy region (LSC) of 80,100 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 12,757 bp. The overall GC content is 38.3%, while the GC contents in LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 36.3%, 32.4%, and 43.9%, respectively. A total of 129 genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome, including 83 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The
gene and the introns of both
and
genes were missing. In addition, the
,
,
, and
were pseudogenes. Although the chloroplast genome structure of
.
was found to be conserved and stable in general, 26 SSRs and 13 highly variable loci were detected, these regions have the potential to be developed as important molecular markers for the subfamily Pooideae. Phylogenetic analysis with species in Poaceae indicated that
and
were sister groups, and provided new insights into the relationship between
,
, and
. This study presents the initial chloroplast genome report of
, which provides an essential data reference for further research on its origin.
Camellia fangchengensis Liang et Zhong, belonging to the genus Camellia sect. Thea (Theaceae), is an endemic tea species to the south and southwest areas of Guangxi province, People’s Republic of ...China. Known as a wild tea plant, the leaves have been used for producing green tea or black tea by the local people of its growing area. HPLC and LC-MS analysis showed the leaves contain oligomeric catechins as major phenolic components. Further detailed phytochemical study led to the identification of five flavan-3-ol dimers (1–5) including two new ones, fangchengbisflavans A (1) and B (2) from the leaves of C. fangchengensis, together with six known monomers (6–11) and one glucoside (12), in addition to gallic acid (13). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Most of the isolates displayed significant antioxidant activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) radical scavenging assays. The results suggested that the leaves of C. fangchengensis, rich in flavan-3-ol oligomers and monomers as potent antioxidants, could be a valuable plant resource for the production of tea and natural beverages.
The objective of this study was to advance the characterization of seizure semiology in leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) antibody-associated limbic encephalitis (LE).
Eighteen ...patients diagnosed with LGI1 LE were identified. Seizure semiology, demographic features, MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), electroencephalograms, and outcomes following immunotherapy were evaluated.
Patients were divided into the following groups based on seizure semiology: faciobrachial dystonic seizure only (FBDS-only, n=4), epileptic seizure without FBDS (Non-FBDS, n=6), and FBDS plus epileptic seizure (FBDS+, n=8). In the group with Non-FBDS, the majority of patients (5/6) manifested mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) like semiology (i.e., fear, epigastric rising, staring, and automatisms) with a frequency of 7±5 times per day and a duration of 15.3±14.3s. In the group with FBDS+, the distinctive symptom was FBDS followed by epileptic events, especially automatisms (7/8), with a frequency of 16±12 times per day and a duration of 13.0±8.0s. In these cases, 67% and 50% of the patients showed abnormalities on MRI and FDG-PET, respectively, and the mesial temporal lobe structures were most often involved. Ictal discharges were observed in 0/4, 6/6, and 8/8 of the patients in the groups with FBDS only, Non-FBDS, and FBDS+, respectively. The temporal lobe was mainly affected. Immunotherapy had favorable therapeutic effects.
The LGI1 LE should be considered as one disease syndrome with a series of clinical manifestation. Identifying types of unique semiology features will facilitate the early diagnosis and the timely initiation of immunotherapy.
•Based on semiology, LGI1 LE patient can be divided into three groups.•Non-FBDS group manifested MTLE-like semiology with frequent and short duration attacks.•In the FBDS+ group, the most common phenotype was FBDS followed by automatisms.•Immunotherapy had favorable therapeutic effects on LGI1 LE.
Background
The genus
Veronicastrum
Heist. ex Fabr. are mainly distributed in East Asia, and only
Veronicastrum virginicum
(L.) Farw. is disjunctively distributed in eastern North America. The south ...area of China (extending to Taiwan Island) is the richest in
Veronicastrum
species. It is of medicinal importance in China as traditional herbs used to treat ascites diseases that caused by schistosomiasis. During field investigation of plant resources in Pingbaying National Forest Park, Southwestern Hubei, China, an unknown flowering population of
Veronicastrum
was discovered from thick humus layers adjacent to rocks under broad-leaved forests by walkways. They were collected and morphological characters assesed for further taxonomic treatment. Molecular analysis was also conducted to ascertain its phylogenetic position in the genus
Veronicastrum
.
Results
This species is similar to
Veronicastrum liukiuense
(Ohwi) T.Yamaz. from the Ryukyu Islands, but can be distinctly differed by its axillary inflorescences (versus terminal on short leafy branches), pedicels up to 2.5 mm (versus sessile), corollas purple to purple-red (versus white tinged with pale purple) and florescence June to July (versus September to October). Also, phylogenetic studies showed the species was an independent clade in the genus
Veronicastrum
based on the maximum likelihood (ML) analyses using two different matrix sequences of concatenated molecular markers. The plastid genome of this new species is also reported in this study for the first time.
Conclusion
The morphological and molecular evidences support the recognition of
Veronicastrum wulingense
as a new species.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tubular damage in short-term (less than five years) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to explore the correlation between ...tubular markers and their relationship with renal indices at different stages of diabetic nephropathy. A group of 101 short-term T2DM patients and 28 control subjects were recruited. Tubular markers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL),
N
-acetyl-β-
d
-glucosaminidase (NAG), and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), as well as urinary albumin excretion were measured in voided urine. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated via Macisaac’s formula. The patients were further categorized into three groups, namely, the normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria groups, according to their urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR). Urinary tubular markers were compared and their correlations with renal indices UACR and estimated GFR (eGFR) were analyzed among the different diabetic groups. Compared with the control group, Urinary NGAL median (IQR)83.6(41.4−138.7) μg/gcr vs. 32.9(26.1−64.5) μg/gcr, NAG 13.5(8.7−17.9) U/gcr vs. 7.6(6.5−13.0) U/gcr and KIM-1 120.0(98.4−139.9) ng/gcr vs. 103.1(86.8−106.2) ng/gcr in the T2DM were all markedly increased. For all patients, urinary NGAL had stronger positive correlations with UACR than NAG (
R
= 0.556 vs. 0.305, both
P
< 0.05). In addition, only urinary NGAL showed a negative correlation with eGFR (
R
= −0.215,
P
< 0.05). Urinary KIM-1, however, showed no significant difference among the three T2DM groups and did not correlate with either UACR or eGFR. As UACR increased from the normoalbuminuria to the last macroalbuminuria group, all of the markers increased. However, only the concentrations of NGAL were statistically different among the three diabetic groups. The correlation between the tubular markers and their relationships with the renal indices differed markedly among the three T2DM groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that tubular damage is common in short-term T2DM patients. Urinary NGAL may be a promising early marker for monitoring renal impairment in short-term T2DM patients.
Accumulating evidence indicates that circular RNAs (circRNA) exert crucial functions in the development and advance of cancers. CircRNA_100290 has been reported to promote proliferation in oral ...cancer. However, whether it participates in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Here, our report showed that circRNA_100290 level was significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Besides, circRNA_100290 expression was positively correlated with tumor metastasis while inversely correlated with prognosis. Silencing circRNA_100290 markedly reduced cell proliferation rate, inhibited migration and invasion abilities, but promoted apoptosis in vitro. Mechanistically, our data revealed circRNA_100290 was a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of FZD4 by sponging miR-516b, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Rescue assay indicated that FZD4-induced activation of β-catenin pathway is indispensable for the function of circRNA_100290 in CRC. In summary, our study for the first time revealed a novel regulatory loop of circRNA_100290/miR-516b/FZD4/Wnt/β-catenin implicated in CRC progression.
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