Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease and a severe public health issue. The incidence trends for type 1 diabetes (TIDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have rarely been studied on a global scale. ...We aimed to determine the temporal and geographical trends of diabetes globally.
Data on diabetes mellitus, including incidence, prevalence from 1990 to 2017 were obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study. We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of diabetes mellitus according to sex, region, and disease type.
The worldwide incident cases of diabetes mellitus has increased by 102.9% from 11,303,084 cases in 1990 to 22,935,630 cases in 2017 worldwide, while the ASIR increased from 234 /100,000 persons (95% UI, 219-249) to 285/100,000 persons (95% UI, 262-310) in this period EAPC = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.79-0.96. The global ASIRs of T1DM and T2DM both demonstrated significant increase during 1990-2017, with EAPCs of 0.34 (95% CI,0.30-0.39) and 0.89 (95% CI,0.80-0.97), respectively. The ASIR trends also varied considerably by regions and countries. The increase in ASIR was greatest in high sociodemographic index regions (EAPC = 1.05, 95% CI:0.92-1.17) and lowest in low-SDI regions (EAPC = 0.79, 95% CI:0.71-0.88).
Both the number of incident cases and ASIR of diabetes mellitus increased significantly during 1990-2017 worldwide, but the temporal trends varied markedly across regions and countries.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Data on the incidence, mortality, and other burden of oral cancer as well as their secular trends are necessary to provide policy‐makers with the information needed to allocate resources ...appropriately. The purpose of this study was to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results to estimate the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) for oral cancer from 1990 to 2017.
Methods
We collected detailed data on oral cancer from 1990 to 2017 from the GBD 2017. The global incidence, mortality, and DALYs attributable to oral cancer as well as the corresponding age‐standardized rates (ASRs) were calculated. The estimated annual percentage changes in the ASRs of incidence (ASRI) and mortality (ASRM) and age‐standardized DALYs of oral cancer were also calculated according to regions and countries to quantify the secular trends in these rates.
Results
We tracked the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of oral cancer in 195 countries/territories over 28 years. Globally, the incidence, mortality, and DALYs of oral cancer increased by about 1.0‐fold from 1990 to 2017. The ASRI of oral cancer showed a similar trend, increasing from 4.41 to 4.84 per 100,000 person‐years during the study period. The ASRM remained approximately stable at about 2.4 per 100,000 from 1990 to 2017, as did the age‐standardized DALYs, at about 64.0 per 100,000 person‐years. ASRI was highest in Pakistan (27.03/100,000, 95% CI = 22.13‐32.75/100,000), followed by Taiwan China, and lowest in Iraq (0.96/100,000, 95% CI = 0.86‐1.06/100,000). ASRM was highest in Pakistan (16.85/100,000, 95% CI = 13.92‐20.17/100,000) and lowest in Kuwait (0.51/100,000, 95% CI = 0.45‐0.58/100,000).
Conclusions
The ASRI of oral cancer has increased slightly worldwide, while the ASRM and age‐standardized DALY have remained stable. However, these characteristics vary between countries, suggesting that current prevention strategies should be reoriented, and much more targeted and specific strategies should be established in some countries to forestall the increase in oral cancer.
Background
The aim of this study is to estimate the incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 1990 to 2017.
Methods
We collected detailed ...information on nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 1990 to 2017 based on data from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. The global incidence, mortality, and DALYs attributable to nasopharyngeal carcinoma was reported, as well as the age‐standardized rates (ASRs).
Results
The ASR of nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence decreased from 1.88 (95% UI: 1.76‐2.00) in 1990 to 1.35 (95% UI: 1.28‐1.42) in 2017. The ASR of mortality decreased from 1.19 (95% UI: 1.13‐1.25) in 1990 to 0.86 (95% UI: 0.82‐0.89) in 2017, while ASR‐DALYs decreased from 38.2 (95% UI: 35.9‐40.2) in 1990 to 25.4 (95% UI: 24.4‐26.5) in 2017.
Conclusions
The ASR of incidence, mortality, and DALYs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have decreased slightly worldwide. East Asia carried the heaviest burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The majority of nasopharyngeal carcinoma burden was observed in men, especially among male aged 55 to 69 years.
Highlights • This study may provide paramount evidence for surgeons to make treatment plan of OSCC. • All the included studies are RCTS. • This study’s sample size is probably the largest by now.
A prospective observational study was modified to assess the efficacy of surgery alone for the treatment of locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma.
This prospective, single-institution, ...single-arm study involved 174 patients who underwent major surgery for LA-OSCC. Participating patients did not receive postoperative radiation. After initial curative treatment, patients were routinely monitored via clinical examination and imaging. The follow-up period was 3-70 months. Tumour recurrence and death were considered as the Clinical End Point in Research.
The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional control rates for 174 patients were 66.7% (95% confidence interval CI, 59.8 to 73.6), 66.1% (95% CI, 59.2 to 73.0), and 82.4% (95% CI, 76.5 to 88.3), respectively.
A study of patients with LA-OSCC treated with surgery alone may have the optimal therapeutic impact for LA-OSCC, as evidenced by solid data for our next RCT trial. This conclusion still needs to be validated in higher-level RCTs.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common types of human cancers worldwide. However, the detail mechanisms underlying GC progression remained to be investigated. The present study identified 2823 ...differently expressed mRNAs and 441 differently expressed lncRNAs in GC. WGCNA was conducted to identify highly correlated lncRNAs and mRNAs. Bioinformatics analysis observed that these dysregulated lncRNAs were significantly associated with the regulation of angiogenesis, cell division, cell-cell adhesion, blood vessel development, adaptive immune response, gastric acid secretion, immune response. Co-expression analysis identified ILF3-AS1 was a key lncRNA involved in regulating GC progression. Loss of function assays showed that knockdown of ILF3-AS1 significantly suppressed GC cell proliferation and metastasis. Mechanically, the results indicate that ILF3-AS1 could enhance PTBP3 expression as an miR-29a sponge, thereby promoting the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells. Our work suggests that the ILF3-AS1/miR-29a/PTBP3 axis may be a potential target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Our study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of six metastatic ...tumour samples, six nonmetastatic tumour samples, and six normal tissue samples were used for microarray analysis. Moreover, the important genes and miRNAs were validated by published profiles in Oncomine and by qRT-PCR.
MMP7, MMP13, and MMP10 were upregulated, and MMP12 and MMP9 were downregulated in metastatic tumours compared with nonmetastatic tumours. MMP7 was regulated by miR-4697-5p and miR-7109-5p. MMP7 and MMP13 were upregulated in OSCC samples compared with normal samples in Oncomine. Moreover, qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of miR-7109-5p and miR-34b was decreased in metastatic tumours compared with nonmetastatic tumours.
Our study suggested that miR-7109-5p and miR-34b might play important roles in the metastasis of OSCC by regulating MMP7 and MMP13 expression, respectively.
Neck dissection is the most definitive and effective treatment for head and neck cancer. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy and surgical outcomes of neck dissection between the ...harmonic scalpel and conventional surgical techniques and conduct a quantitative meta-analysis of the randomized trials.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from the major electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) using the keywords ''harmonic scalpel'' and ''neck dissection,'' and a quantitative meta-analysis was conducted. The operative time and intraoperative bleeding were the primary outcome measures, and other parameters assessed included the drainage fluid volume and length of hospital stay.
Seven trials that met the inclusion criteria included 406 neck dissection cases (201 in the harmonic scalpel group). Compared with conventional surgical techniques, the HS group had an operative time that was significantly reduced by 29.3 minutes mean difference: -29.29; 95% CI = (-44.26, -14.32); P=0.0001, a reduction in intraoperative bleeding by 141.1 milliliters mean difference: -141.13; 95% CI = (-314.99, 32.73); P=0.11, and a reduction in drainage fluid volume by 64.9 milliliters mean difference: -64.86; 95% CI = (-110.40, -19.32); P=0.005 , but it is not significant after removal of studies driving heterogeneity. There was no significant difference in the length of the hospital stay mean difference: -0.21; 95% CI = (-0.48, 0.07); P=0.14.
This systematic review showed that using the harmonic scalpel for neck dissection significantly reduces the operative time and drainage fluid volume and that it is not associated with an increased length of hospital stay or perioperative complications. Therefore, the harmonic scalpel method is safe and effective for neck dissection. However, the statistical heterogeneity was high. Further studies are required to substantiate our findings.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Background
Some head and neck cancer surgeons found that many patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) without postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) also ...have a good prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PORT on survival in patients with LA-HNSCC.
Methods
A case-match cohort analysis was performed at two institutions on patients with LA-HNSCC. Patients who received surgery alone were case-matched 1: 1 with patients treated by surgery plus PORT based on pT, pN, tumor subsite etc.
Results
114 patients were matched into 57 pairs, with a median follow-up period of 40.2 months. No difference in overall survival (OS, HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.50–1.58;
P
= 0.79) or disease-specific survival (DFS, 0.86; 95% CI 0.50–1.50;
P
= 0.76) was observed with no PORT.
Conclusions
PORT isn’t necessary for patients with LA-HNSCC who are treated for the first time as long as the head and neck cancer surgeon adhere to appropriate surgical concepts. The indications of PORT for patients with LA-HNSCC need to be further discussed.
Background
To evaluate the prevalence and incidence of periodontitis and associated disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
We collected data on periodontitis between 1990 ...and 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 Study. The global prevalence, incidence, and DALYs attributed to periodontitis were analyzed. The age‐standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the burden of the disease and temporal trends.
Results
The ASR of the prevalence, incidence, and DALYs increased worldwide from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, Western Sub‐Saharan Africa carried the heaviest burden of periodontitis, whereas the nation with the highest periodontitis burden was Gambia. The burden of periodontitis was negatively associated with the level of socioeconomic development. Although, the majority of periodontitis burden was observed among those aged 55–59 years, the incidence of periodontitis has shown an increasing trend among younger individuals.
Conclusion
Periodontitis continues to be a global public health problem. Current prevention and control strategies should be enhanced to prevent an increase in periodontitis.
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