Exposure to pesticides is a major threat to insect pollinators, potentially leading to negative effects that could compromise pollination services and biodiversity. The objectives of this study were ...to quantify neonicotinoid concentrations among different bee genera and to examine differences attributable to body size and surrounding land use. During the period of cotton planting (May–June), 282 wild bees were collected from habitat patches associated with cropland, grassland, and urban land cover and analyzed for three neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and imidacloprid). Twenty bees among eight genera contained one or more of the neonicotinoid compounds and detections occurred in all landscape types, yet with the most detections occurring in cropland-associated habitats. Apis Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Melissodes Latreille (Apidae), Perdita Smith (Andrenidae), and Lasioglossum Curtis (Halictidae) had multiple individuals with neonicotinoid detections.Two of the largest bees (Apis and Melissodes) had the greatest number of detections within genera, yet the relatively small-bodied genus Perdita had the three highest neonicotinoid concentrations reported.The number of detections within a genus and average generic body mass showed a marginally significant trend towards larger bees having a greater frequency of neonicotinoid detections. Overall, the relatively low percentage of detections across taxa suggests practices aimed at conserving grassland remnants in intensified agricultural regions could assist in mitigating exposure of wild bees to agrochemicals, while differences in bee traits and resource use could in part drive exposure. Further work is needed to address variable agrochemical exposures among pollinators, to support strategies for conservation and habitat restoration in affected landscapes.
Most mosquito and midge species use hearing during acoustic mating behaviors. For frog-biting species, however, hearing plays an important role beyond mating as females rely on anuran calls to obtain ...blood meals. Despite the extensive work examining hearing in mosquito species that use sound in mating contexts, our understanding of how mosquitoes hear frog calls is limited. Here, we directly investigated the mechanisms underlying detection of frog calls by a mosquito species specialized on eavesdropping on anuran mating signals: Uranotaenia lowii. Behavioral, biomechanical and neurophysiological analyses revealed that the antenna of this frog-biting species can detect frog calls by relying on neural and mechanical responses comparable to those of non-frog-biting species. Our findings show that in Ur. lowii, contrary to most species, males do not use sound for mating, but females use hearing to locate their anuran host. We also show that the response of the antennae of this frog-biting species resembles that of the antenna of species that use hearing for mating. Finally, we discuss our data considering how mosquitoes may have evolved the ability to tap into the communication system of frogs.
El uso estratégico de las aplicaciones digitales en educación superior adquiere especial relevancia en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19. Se presenta un estudio exploratorio en el cual se indaga en el ...uso de aplicaciones digitales y las que recomiendan docentes universitarios para la autorregulación del aprendizaje en contexto de enseñanza virtual, por COVID-19. La metodología fue de carácter cualitativa, con un enfoque fenomenográfico, basado en tres grupos focales, con una muestra intencional de 17 docentes. Los datos fueron analizados a través de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Se identifican 27 aplicaciones digitales pertinentes para facilitar la autorregulación del aprendizaje, las cuales fueron agrupadas según el modelo cíclico de Zimmerman, 16 fueron útiles para la fase de preparación, 19 para la fase de ejecución, 11 para la fase de autorreflexión y 8 para las tres fases del modelo. WhatsApp y Google Calendar son las aplicaciones más recomendadas para los procesos de autorregulación, específicamente para la disposición del aprendizaje. La convergencia de conocimiento sobre autorregulación del aprendizaje y competencias TIC emergen como un desafío compartido para promover el uso estratégico de las aplicaciones digitales y favorecer aprendizajes inclusivos y de calidad en la universidad, en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19.
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