Small-scale farmers are essential food suppliers, especially in developing countries, but they face many constraints that limit their productivity and returns. Associating with other farmers (for ...instance, through cooperatives) has been shown to be a strategy to mitigate these constraints; however, there are limitations in farmers’ participation and commitment to associations. This research explored small-scale farmers’ attitudes and perceptions of associations. This paper considered the district of Cauquenes, a rural area in central Chile. A total of 71 small-scale farmers were surveyed. The data were processed using descriptive, multivariate, and qualitative techniques. The results showed that the farmers had limited knowledge of and experience with associations. They also did not see participation in an association as necessary for improving their business outcomes. They were also reluctant to accept a possible loss in decision-making power or the possibility of being scammed or tricked. The factors underlying farmers’ attitudes toward associations were “Uncertainty of economic benefits” (23.3% of variance), “Technical-economic limitations perception” (15.2%), “Distrust” (10.8%), and “Individualism” (9.8%). These results suggested that policies are needed to improve farmers’ experience with and knowledge of associations, considering the cultural variables that affect distrust and focusing on existing uncertainties. The associative processes need to allow for progressive commitment, expedite tangible results, and provide continuous technical and motivational support.
RESUMO: Os pequenos agricultores são essenciais para o abastecimento de alimentos, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento, mas enfrentam muitas restrições que limitam sua produtividade e retorno. A associação com outros agricultores (por exemplo, por cooperativas) tem se mostrado uma estratégia para mitigar essas deficiências, no entanto, há entraves na participação e comprometimento dos agricultores com as associações. O objetivo desta pesquisa é explorar as atitudes e percepções dos pequenos agricultores em relação às associações. Para isso, consideramos o caso do distrito de Cauquenes, uma área rural no centro do Chile, em que se entrevistou um total de 71 pequenos agricultores. Os dados foram processados por meio de técnicas descritivas, multivariadas e qualitativas. Como resultados, os agricultores têm um conhecimento e experiência limitados sobre as associações e, além disso, não entendem a relevância do vínculo social como uma alternativa para melhorar o seu desempenho. Por outro lado, relutam em uma possível perda de poder decisório, bem como em serem enganados. Os fatores subjacentes às atitudes dos agricultores em relação às associações foram “incerteza dos benefícios econômicos” (23,3%), “percepção de limitações técnico-econômicas” (15,2%), “desconfiança” (10,8%) e “individualismo” (9,8%). Esses resultados nos demonstram serem necessárias políticas que promovam o conhecimento direto, concreto e experiencial dos agricultores sobre o associativismo, com foco nas incertezas existentes. Os processos associativos devem estar atrelados a compromissos progressivos, com foco em resultados tangíveis e suporte contínuo, não apenas técnico, mas também motivacional.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Se evaluó la biodegradación de polietilenglicol de peso molecular 400 - PEG 400 con el consorcio Pseudomonas sp. y Rhizobium trifolii en reactores en Batch; para determinar las condiciones óptimas de ...operación del reactor se preparó medio con sales mínimas esenciales suplementado con peptonaCSMEP; en estos medios se estimó el comportamiento del consorcio con condiciones de temperatura entre 15-37°C, pH en un rango de 5-9 y concentración de PEG 400 del .1-2%. Con los resultados obtenidos en estos ensayos previos se ensamblaron tres reactores en Batch - BK. Se analizaron 14 muestras del contenido de cada uno de los reactores durante 20 días para medir la biodegradación del PEG 400 usando demanda química de oxígeno - DQO en sistema de digestión cerrado. Se obtuvo una disminución de hasta el 98.5% del poliéter, lo que mostró que la simbiosis fue efectiva para alcanzar una remoción importante del contaminante.
To analyze the emergency hospitalizations trend for ambulatory care sensitive conditions between 2011 and 2015 in a health insureance company of the Colombian Social Security General System.
A ...log-linear analysis based on age-adjusted hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in the Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas was used to estimate the annual percentage change in these rates and to identify joinponts of the rates. Data was collected from administrative sources.
There were 38,530 hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in 26,501 Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas enrollees, with a significant decrease in hospitalization rates. The annual percentage change estimated for the period was -9.5% with no significant joinpoints throughout the time interval.
A significant reduction in hospital admissions due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Entidad Promotora de Salud Sanitas enrollees were reported for the last five years in this study.
Realizamos un diagnóstico respecto a las posibilidades de inserción de mujeres productoras agroecológicas en un circuito corto de comercialización que tenga como destino el canal HORECA. Para ello, ...en primer lugar, efectuamos entrevistas a dueños y administradores de restaurantes en la Región de O’Higgins, Chile, para identificar los requisitos de sus proveedores. Asimismo, se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas en profundidad a las agricultoras de la agrupación Madre Tierra Germinando, ubicada en el Secano Costero de la Región de O’Higgins, para caracterizar su situación productiva y comercial actual, junto a sus opiniones respecto a los requisitos del canal HORECA. Mediante una matriz comparativa se cruzó la información respecto a los requisitos del canal HORECA y las características y opiniones de las agricultoras entrevistadas, lo cual evidenció que la diversidad y origen natural es una ventaja de las productoras; sin embargo, garantizar volumen de producción de forma estable, así como el transporte, son los dos requisitos cuyo cumplimiento resulta más complejo. De todos modos, existe una actitud positiva para encontrar soluciones grupales. La generación de relaciones estables basadas en el conocimiento mutuo y la confianza entre las agricultoras y los restaurantes es identificada como esencial.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microorganisms naturally resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants that can colonize drinking water supply systems. Information regarding the spread ...of NTM in specifically South America and Colombia is limited. We aimed to identify and characterize NTM present in tap water samples from Cali, Colombia. Drinking water samples and faucet biofilm swabs were collected in 18 places, including the city's three main water treatment plants (WTPs). Filter-trapped material and eluates (0.45 μm) from swab washes were plated in 7H11 agar plates. Suspected colonies were evaluated microscopically, and NTM species were identified based on the
gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was also performed. Fifty percent (9/18) of sampling points were positive for NTM (including two WTPs), from which 16 different isolates were identified:
(8/16),
(3/16),
(2/16),
(2/16), and
(1/16), all rapidly growing mycobacteria. A susceptibility profile was obtained from 68.75% (11/16) of the isolates.
was the most resistant species. All NTM isolated are potentially responsible for human diseases; our findings might provide a baseline for exploring NTM transmission dynamics and clinical characterization, as well as potential associations between NTM species found in drinking water and isolates from patients.
Abstract
Background
Post-COVID-19 long syndrome or "LONG COVID" is defined by WHO criteria according to the Post-COVID Functional Score (PCFS) and Barthel scales and classified by the persistence of ...symptoms up to 12 weeks after initial infection. Through a survey conducted in a population of 33500 adults in Bogotá, Colombia, and the confirmatory of SARSCoV2 infection via (PCR or antigen test), we demonstrated 63% of people reported some persistent symptoms after three months of the acute event. With its high frequency, this new clinical condition makes a breach where comprehensive care centers for its management and rehabilitation were necessary. We designed an innovative, individualized, comprehensive transdisciplinary model to provide integral attention to patients diagnosed with Long COVID.
Methods
Patients identified by the questionnaire as a Long COVID were scheduled for submission and care at the Center for Comprehensive Care Post Covid (CAIP). An integral evaluation included the assessment by several specialties, such as physiatry, physiotherapy, psychology, nutrition, nursing, social work, and internal medicine practitioners, according to an established attention model in our clinic (Fig 1).Figure 1.Follow up route of patients with suspected Long COVID. A. Screening questionnaire.
Results
448 patients with long covid were screened between September 2022 and March 2023 in the CAIP. The average age of the population served was 52.6 years. The Barthel average score was 97.8. Patients classified as PCFS grade 1 were 282, 133 were grade 2, and 32 were grade 3. A total of 2230 physical and occupational therapy interventions were performed and 120 psychotherapy sessions with positive findings in functional and aerobic capacity between circuits (Fig 2). With the successful discharge of 50 patients, without remaining limitations to perform their basic activities, 48% were asymptomatic with PCFS: 0 and the remaining with PCFS 1, with a minimum symptomatic compromise.
Conclusion
There are governmental and clinical challenges to the comprehensive care of the population with disabilities related to Long COVID. CAIP, as a transdisciplinary health care and recovery model, which was born in response to long COVID patients, showed great effectiveness in return people great improvement in functionality to reincorporate into our society from the pandemic COVID19 in Colombia.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
The epibranchial placodes are cranial, ectodermal thickenings that give rise to sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system. Despite their importance in the developing animal, the signals ...responsible for their induction remain unknown. Using the placodal marker,
sox3, we have shown that the same Fgf signaling required for otic vesicle development is required for the development of the epibranchial placodes. Loss of both Fgf3 and Fgf8 is sufficient to block placode development. We further show that epibranchial
sox3 expression is unaffected in mutants in which no otic placode forms, where
dlx3b and
dlx4b are knocked down, or deleted along with
sox9a. However, the forkhead factor, Foxi1, is required for both otic and epibranchial placode development. Thus, both the otic and epibranchial placodes form in a common region of ectoderm under the influence of Fgfs, but these two structures subsequently develop independently. Although previous studies have investigated the signals that trigger neurogenesis from the epibranchial placodes, this represents the first demonstration of the signaling events that underlie the formation of the placodes themselves, and therefore, the process that determines which ectodermal cells will adopt a neural fate.
•Frontline employees have been severely affected by COVID-19.•This study assessed the effect of vaccination among healthcare staff in Colombia.•COVID-19 infections in Colombia increased dramatically ...during early 2021.•Vaccination rollout in frontline personnel reduced the incidence of new cases among healthcare workers, in contrast to the general population.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been severely affected in terms of both morbidity and mortality since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first few months of 2021, Colombia experienced a surge in positive cases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaccination on the incidence of new positive cases in HCWs.
This was a retrospective cohort study of frontline employees in a network of clinics in Colombia, who were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination from February to March 2021.
Our findings were consistent with recent reports. During early 2020, the incidence of HCWs positively diagnosed with COVID-19 in Colombia was higher than that for the general population. With the start of the national vaccination program, the incidence among HCWs decreased from April 2021, while that for the general population remained relatively unchanged. Our study identified lower infection rates among HCWs during April (odds ratio OR, 0.72 95% CI 0.58–0.90; p < 0.01) and May (odds ratio OR, 0.25 95% CI 0.18–0.36; p < 0.01).
COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Colombia during early 2021 led to a decrease in the incidence of new positive cases among HCWs, in contrast to a continuing surge in the general population. Our findings suggested that COVID-19 vaccination provided adequate immunity, which guaranteed protection to HCWs.
The good life: from Socrates to Surbiton Gallacher, John; Mitchell, Clive; Rengifo, Andrea ...
Quality in ageing,
03/2011, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Understanding what is meant by ‘the good life’ has challenged philosophers and scientists for centuries with contrasting views emphasising either virtue or success. This study applies structural ...equation modelling (SEM) to the self‐evaluations of older people to explore how they perceive ‘the good life’. Self‐evaluations were used to operationalise the concepts underlying ‘the good life’ with life satisfaction being used to provide a global evaluation of flourishing (overall life quality), self‐esteem being used to assess commitment to virtue and self‐efficacy being use to assess commitment to success. A population sample of 632 men and women aged 50 years and older, recruited to participate in an epidemiologic study, were consented and assessed online. Participation included psychological assessment. The analysis presents baseline data for this sample.After adjustment for negative emotions (anxiety and depression) age, self‐report health, deprivation and financial status, a path analysis found that life satisfaction was influenced by self‐esteem (β=0.27, pThese findings may be interpreted at several levels, although inferences on causality must be tentative. In terms of ‘the good life’, the global evaluation of life by older people is directly influenced by virtue rather than success, with success being important insofar as it contributes to virtue. In short, older people deriving satisfaction from achieving things they consider to be worthwhile: the wisdom of years.
Sedación en cuidados paliativos Delgado Rengifo, Andrea Nahomy; García Loor, Guido Yunior; Solórzano Buenaventura, Franklin José
RECIAMUC,
01/2024, Letnik:
8, Številka:
1
Journal Article
La sedación paliativa (SP) es un enfoque crucial en el manejo del sufrimiento en pacientes terminales, donde otros tratamientos no logran aliviar los síntomas. Se requiere una evaluación exhaustiva y ...el consentimiento informado del paciente, así como la consulta con un equipo experto en manejo de síntomas. La SP busca aliviar síntomas refractarios como el delirium agitado, el estreñimiento y el dolor, garantizando una muerte tranquila sin relación con la eutanasia. La metodología de la revisión bibliográfica incluyó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos especializadas y la selección de estudios relevantes publicados en los últimos diez años. Se analizaron los datos para identificar patrones y tendencias, prestando especial atención a la eficacia y seguridad de la SP, así como a las controversias éticas asociadas. La SP se considera éticamente aceptable siempre que no influya significativamente en la supervivencia del paciente. Sin embargo, su aplicación plantea dilemas éticos, especialmente en relación con el sufrimiento existencial y la necesidad de una cuidadosa reflexión compartida. Es crucial que el equipo interdisciplinario esté capacitado y siga directrices establecidas para garantizar una aplicación adecuada de la SP. Las benzodiacepinas son la primera opción terapéutica, y se debe controlar cuidadosamente la dosificación para evitar sedación excesiva o insuficiente. La SP tiene implicaciones significativas en el ámbito antropológico, psicológico y emocional del paciente y su familia. Es esencial diferenciar entre cuidados paliativos, SP y eutanasia, y garantizar el acceso equitativo a los cuidados paliativos a nivel mundial. En última instancia, el respeto por la dignidad y los valores del paciente debe guiar todas las intervenciones médicas al final de la vida, asegurando una atención compasiva y respetuosa que promueva el bienestar del paciente y su familia.
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