Tobacco cessation interventions developed and evaluated for Alaska Native women do not exist. As part of routine clinical care provided at a prenatal visit, a brief tobacco educational intervention ...for Alaska Native pregnant women (N=100; mean ± SD age = 25.9±6.2 years; mean 6.3±2.6 months gestation) was piloted at the Y-K Delta Regional Hospital in Bethel, Alaska. This retrospective study reports on the evaluation of this clinical program. The intervention was consistent with the clinical practice guidelines (i.e., 5 A's - ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange), with an average duration of 20.2 ± 6.8 minutes. The self-reported tobacco abstinence rate following the intervention was 11% at the last prenatal visit and 12% at delivery. Delivering a tobacco cessation intervention at a prenatal visit is feasible, but there is a need to identify more effective interventions for Alaska Native pregnant women.
Static and dynamic games are important tools for the analysis of strategic interactions among economic agents and have found many applications in economics. In many games equilibria can be described ...as solutions of polynomial equations. In this paper we describe state-of-the-art techniques for finding all solutions of polynomial systems of equations and illustrate these techniques by computing all equilibria of both static and dynamic games with continuous strategies. We compute the equilibrium manifold for a Bertrand pricing game in which the number of equilibria changes with the market size. Moreover, we apply these techniques to two stochastic dynamic games of industry competition and check for equilibrium uniqueness. Our examples show that the all-solution methods can be applied to a wide variety of policy-relevant models.
Premier ouvrage, publié en France, sur la question de l’épuration économique, ce livre éclaire un angle longtemps mort de l’historiographie à la lumière de recherches récentes. En effet, entre les ...injustices dénoncées par les hagiographes du monde patronal - fixés sur quelques « victimes » emblématiques et expiatoires, telles que Renault ou Berliet, présentées comme autant d’arbres qui cachent la forêt - et l’idée communément admise de non-épuration économique, cette dernière apparaît encore trop souvent méconnue ou plutôt mal connue. Afin de faciliter une approche globale de l’épuration économique sous toutes ses formes (extra-légale et légale - judiciaire, professionnelle, financière -, mais aussi officieuse ou tacite) deux axes majeurs de réflexion ont été privilégiés. La première partie appréhende la définition, les enjeux, les contours, l’impact mais aussi les limites du phénomène au niveau national. Les deux suivantes présentent, la diversité des procédures et des acteurs engagés, mais aussi des objectifs poursuivis, selon des variables sectorielles et/ou spatiales (itinéraires patronaux, entreprises, institutions économiques, branches d’activité, territoires locaux ou régionaux, comparaisons internationales). Ce faisant, ce livre ouvre de nombreuses et souvent de nouvelles perspectives. Contrairement à une idée reçue, nombre de contributions insistent sur une épuration qui ne manque pas d’ampleur, au moins dans sa phase initiale, même si elle demeure ensuite plus inégale dans son application. Reste alors à comprendre ses facteurs d’inégalité dans le temps et dans l’espace. Au cœur d’une épuration de compromis, le livre dégage clairement plusieurs clés susceptibles de permettre un premier bilan du processus.
The paper presents photoelectric photometry of Lambda And never before published, obtained between February 1982 and December 1990 at 29 different observatories. Then it is combined with all other ...photometry available (previously published, contained in the I.A.U. Commission 27 Archives, and obtained with the Vanderbilt 16-inch automatic telescope but not yet published), to yield a 14.8-year data base. Analysis reveals a long-term cycle in mean brightness, with a full range of 0.15 m and a period of 11.4 +/- 0.4 years. Because most of the new photometry was concentrated in the 1983-1984 observing season, this one well-defined light curve is analyzed with a two-spot model. Spot A keeps a 0.04 m amplitude throughout four rotation cycles whereas the amplitude of spot B diminishes from 0.09 m down almost to 0.03 m. The spot rotation periods were 55.9 d +/- 0.6 d and 52.8 d +/- 1.0 d, respectively.
To determine tobacco use rates during pregnancy among Alaska Natives residing on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta of western Alaska. Alaska Natives residing in this region use Iqmik, a unique form of ...smokeless tobacco (ST).
Retrospective cohort study. The medical records of the most recent consecutive 100 Alaska Native women delivering within the Y-K Health Corporation system in 2001 were abstracted for information on tobacco use during this pregnancy and basic demographics.
Of the 100 women, 24 did not use tobacco, 55 used ST only, 18 smoked cigarettes only, and 3 used both ST and smoked cigarettes during this pregnancy. Of the 58 who used ST, 22 used Iqmik only, 32 used commercial ST only, and 4 used both. The frequency of ST use increased significantly with age (p=0.007; OR=1.65 per 5-year increase in age, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.36), while the frequency of cigarette smoking tended to decrease with age (p=0.254; OR=0.79 per 5-year increase in age, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.18).
A high proportion of Alaska Native women use tobacco during pregnancy. The rate of ST use (58%) among pregnant Alaska Native women is markedly higher than the prevalence of ST use (0.5%) among women in the general U.S. population.
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