The paper is based on the data of the 2009 DEPFET beam test at CERN SPS. The beam test used beams of pions and electrons with energies between 40 and 120
GeV, and the sensors tested were prototypes ...with thickness of
450
μ
m
and pixel pitch between 20 and
32
μ
m
. Intrinsic resolutions of the detectors are calculated by disentangling the contributions of measurement errors and multiple scattering in tracking residuals. Properties of the intrinsic resolution estimates and factors that influence them are discussed. For the DEPFET detectors in the beam test, the calculation yields intrinsic resolutions of
≈
1
μ
m
, with a typical accuracy of
0.1
μ
m
. Bias scan, angle scan, and energy scan are used as example studies to show that the intrinsic resolutions are a useful tool in studies of detector properties. With sufficiently precise telescopes, detailed resolution maps can be constructed and used to study and optimize detector performance.
Progress towards a large area, thin DEPFET detector module Fischer, P.; Andricek, L.; Herrmann, S. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2007, Letnik:
582, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Large arrays of depleted field effect transistor (DEPFET) detector elements are one possible technology for the vertex detector of the planned International Linear Collider. The main challenges are ...the production of large
(
10
cm
2
)
devices with an average thickness of around
100
μ
m
(silicon) and their fast column parallel readout. This paper describes in some detail how a DEPFET based sensor module could be built and presents the design of the latest generation of ‘Switcher’ steering chips.
Three-dimensional (3-D) silicon detectors are characterized by cylindrical electrodes perpendicular to the surface and penetrate into the bulk material in contrast to standard Si detectors with ...planar electrodes on the top and bottom. This geometry renders them particularly interesting to be used in environments where standard silicon detectors have limitations, such as, for example, the radiation environment expected in an upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. For the first time, several 3-D sensors were assembled as hybrid pixel detectors using the ATLAS-pixel front-end chip and readout electronics. Devices with different electrode configurations have been characterized in a 100 GeV pion beam at the CERN SPS. Here, we report results on unirradiated devices with three 3-D electrodes per 50times400 mum 2 pixel area. Full charge collection is obtained already with comparatively low bias voltages around 10 V. Spatial resolution with binary readout is obtained as expected from the cell dimensions. Efficiencies of 95.9%plusmn0.1% for tracks incident parallel to the electrodes and of 99.9%plusmn0.1% for tracks incident at 15deg are measured. The homogeneity and charge sharing of the efficiency over the pixel area are measured.
For the detection of secondary vertices of long lived particles containing bottom and charm quarks at the International Linear Collider (ILC), a DEPFET pixel detector is one of the technologically ...favored options. In a DEPFET sensor a MOSFET pixel detector is integrated on a sidewards depleted silicon bulk sensor, thus combining the advantages of a fully depleted silicon sensor with in-pixel amplification. DEPFET pixel matrices have been characterized in a high energy particle beam. Since the DEPFET is a very high precision device, given its large S/N (> 100) and small pixel size (36 × 22 ¿m 2 ), a DEPFET based pixel telescope consisting of 5 DEPFETs has been developed. The uncertainty on the predicted position for a device under test (DUT) positioned inside the telescope was found to be 1.4 ¿m with the existing device, due to the limited performance of two of the five DEPFET planes. A DEPFET telescope built of 5 modules equivalent to the best plane presented here, would have a track extrapolation error as low as 0.65 ¿m at the DUT plane.
A DEPFET pixel matrix system for the ILC vertex detector Trimpl, M.; Andricek, L.; Fischer, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2006, Letnik:
560, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The DEPFET detector offers radiation detection and amplification jointly by embedding a field effect transistor into fully depleted silicon. Due to the excellent noise performance (
ENC
=
2.2
e
-
for ...single pixel at room temperature and
6
μ
s
shaping time) and the high spatial resolution of the device (
4.3
μ
m
at 22
keV using
50
×
50
μ
m
2
pixels), the DEPFET concept is attractive for X-ray astronomy, for biomedical application and for tracking in particle physics. For the vertex detector of a future TeV-scale linear collider, like the proposed ILC (International Linear Collider), a highly granulated pixel system operated row-wise with line rates of 20
MHz at a noise level below
100
e
-
is needed. Addressing these requirements, improved DEPFET sensors with
22
×
36
μ
m
2
pixel size have been fabricated. A prototype system has been developed that uses dedicated chips for steering and readout of a
64
×
128
DEPFET pixel matrix. Due to the current based readout mode provided by the readout chip, a thousand times faster matrix operation than achieved so far is possible. The performance of the single components of the system will be summarized and first results obtained with the entire system will be presented.
For operation at a linear collider the excellent noise performance of depleted field effect transistor (DEPFET) pixels allows building very thin detectors with high spatial resolution and low power ...consumption. However, high readout speeds of 50 MHz line rate and 20 kHz for the full detector must be reached. A prototype system is presented, using a new DEPFET pixel matrix (128 /spl times/ 64 pixels), fast steering chips (Switcher II) for row wise operation and a fast current based readout chip (CURO II). The sensors with small linear DEPFET pixels (22/spl times/36 /spl mu/m/sup 2/) are optimized for fast readout and high spatial resolution. Measurements show that the complete removal of the accumulated signal charge from the internal gate (complete clear), which is fundamental for the foreseen readout mode, is feasible. The current based readout chip CUROII, containing current memory cells, pedestal subtraction and on chip zero suppression for a triggerless operation has been fabricated and tested. First results of a full prototype system are presented.
For the detection of secondary vertices of long lived bottom and charm quarks at the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) a DEPFET pixel detector is one of the favored technology options. ...DEPFET pixel sensors, in which the amplifying transistor structure is contained in the pixel cell itself on a fully depleted bulk, are unique devices in terms of their large signal and low noise capability and their obtainable spatial resolution with very thin detectors. DEPFET pixel prototype modules with close to ILC specifications have been tested in the laboratory and, for the first time, in a 6 GeV electron test beam. The different noise sources have been calculated and compared with the measured value of ENC/spl ap/225 e/sup -/ for the entire readout chain.
Radiation hard diamond pixel detectors Velthuis, J.J.; Mathes, M.; Kagan, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2008, Letnik:
591, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Even though the LHC has not yet begun, already a high luminosity upgrade of the LHC is being planned. The sensors at radii of about 3
cm will have to withstand an expected fluence exceeding 10
16
...particles/cm
2 in 5 years. At this fluence current silicon sensors cease to function. Due to its large bandgap and high displacement energy, diamond is an intrinsically very radiation hard material. Combined with its fast charge collection, its low dielectric constant and the absence of thermally generated leakage current, diamond is a very interesting detector material for the sensors close to the beam. A full size, 61×16.5
mm
2, ATLAS pixel module using chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) diamond was built and characterized in a beam test. The measured position resolution is consistent with the expected binary resolution. The efficiency was larger than 97%. Nowadays also large size single-crystal CVD diamonds are available. A single-crystal diamond was used to produce a 2880 channel pixel detector. This detector showed an 99.992±0.002% efficiency at an electric field as low as 0.25
V/μm.
DEPFET, a monolithic active pixel sensor for the ILC Velthuis, J.J.; Kohrs, R.; Mathes, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
09/2007, Letnik:
579, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In a DEPleted Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) sensor a MOSFET is integrated on a sidewards depleted p-on-n silicon detector, thereby combining the advantages of a fully depleted silicon sensor with ...in-pixel amplification. A 450
μm thick DEPFET was tested in a testbeam. The
S/
N was found to be larger than 110. The position resolution is better than 5
μm. At a seed cut of 7
σ, the efficiency and purity are both close to 100%. In the readout chip a zero-suppression capability is implemented. The functionality was demonstrated using a radio-active source. The predicted impact parameter resolution of a 50
μm thick DEPFET vertex detector, is much better than required for the International Linear Collider (ILC).
Clear-performance of linear DEPFET devices Sandow, C.; Andricek, L.; Fischer, P. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
11/2006, Letnik:
568, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The proposal of a vertex detector for the International Linear Collider (ILC) using DEPleted Field Effect Transistor (DEPFET) detectors A DEPFET based vertex detector for the detector at TESLA ...LC-Note, LC-DET-2002-004, DESY, April 2002 states challenging requirements for the readout-electronics and the sensor itself. In contrast to hybrid pixel technologies, DEPFET sensors integrate a first amplification stage in the detector. As the signal readout is non-destructive, the DEPFET requires a reset (clear) mechanism. Optimization of the clear mechanism addressing radiation hardness and timing are presented. Furthermore, the minimal duration for a clear process resulting in a readout free of reset noise will be shown to satisfy the timing requirements of the DEPFET-ILC readout scheme.
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