SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Breast Milk After Vaccination Romero Ramírez, Dolores Sabina; Lara Pérez, María Magdalena; Carretero Pérez, Mercedes ...
Pediatrics (Evanston),
11/2021, Letnik:
148, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Passive and active immunity transfer through human milk (HM) constitutes a key element in the infant's developing immunity. Certain infectious diseases and vaccines have been described to induce ...changes in the immune components of HM.
We conducted a prospective cohort single-institution study from February 2 to April 4, 2021. Women who reported to be breastfeeding at the time of their coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination were invited to participate. Blood and milk samples were collected on day 14 after their second dose of the vaccine. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against nucleocapsid protein as well as IgG, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against the spike 1 protein receptor-binding domain against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S1) were analyzed in both serum and HM samples.
Most of the participants (ie, 94%) received the BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. The mean serum concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S-IgG antibodies in vaccinated individuals was 3379.6 ± 1639.5 binding antibody units per mL. All vaccinated study participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S1-IgG, and 89% of them had anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD-S-IgA in their milk. The antibody concentrations in the milk of mothers who were breastfeeding 24 months were significantly higher than in mothers with breastfeeding periods <24 months (
< .001).
We found a clear association between COVID-19 vaccination and specific immunoglobulin concentrations in HM. This effect was more pronounced when lactation periods exceeded 23 months. The influence of the lactation period on immunoglobulins was specific and independent of other variables.
Delayed brain function development in small-gestational-age (SGA) infants has been reported. We aimed to quantify rates of immature neonatal EEG patterns and their association with neurodevelopment ...in SGA full-term neonates.
Using a cohort design, 50 SGA (birthweight <10th percentile) and 44 appropriate-gestational-age (AGA) term neonates underwent continuous video-EEG recordings lasting >3 h. Seventy-three of them were assessed at 2-years-old using Bayley-III-Scales. For EEG analysis, several segments of discontinuous/alternating EEG tracings were selected.
(1) Visual analysis (patterns of EEG maturity); (2) Power spectrum in δ, θ, α and β frequency bands; and (3) scores in motor, cognitive and language development.
(1) SGA infants, compared to AGA, showed: (a) higher percentages of discontinuous EEG, both asynchrony and interhemispheric asymmetry, and bursts with delta-brushes, longer interburst-interval duration and more transients/hour; (b) lower relative power spectrum in δ and higher in α; and (c) lower scores on motor, language and cognitive neurodevelopment. (2) Asymmetry >5%, interburst-interval >5 s, discontinuity >11%, and bursts with delta-brushes >11% were associated with lower scores on Bayley-III.
In this prospective study, SGA full-term neonates showed high rates of immature EEG patterns. Low-birthweight and immaturity EEG were both correlated with low development scores.
To analyze the findings in the background EEG activity of infants who suffered perinatal stroke.
Eleven neonates born 2009–2014 diagnosed of ischemic stroke by MRI (three of them with multistroke) ...underwent continuous video-EEG monitoring. Visual and spectral (power spectrum and coherence) analyses of the background EEG was performed in three moments: 1) Onset of EEG recording (prior to initiate seizure treatment), 2) Post-ictal epoch (1–2 h after the last seizure), and 3) one–two days after seizure control. All children aged 2–6 years underwent neurodevelopmental assessment.
Discontinuity, asymmetry, asynchrony, transients, and relative power spectrum in δ and θ frequency bands increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the post-ictal epoch with respect to onset of EEG recording. After seizure control, discontinuity, asynchrony, and θ power spectrum no longer had significant differences with those found at onset of EEG recording. Significant differences between the ischemic and unaffected hemispheres were found in transients and in β coherence (p = 0.002; p = 0.001, respectively) exclusively in the post-ictal epoch. Seizure burden and time-to-control ranged 5–38 min and 0.5–40 h respectively. Currently, only one child is affected by spastic monoparesis. The intelligence quotients ranged 96–123.
The background EEG can undergo significant changes in the post-ictal epoch due to the seizure activity triggered by the perinatal stroke. Most of these EEG changes involve all brain activity and not exclusively the ischemic hemisphere. Many of these modifications in the EEG background reverse following the seizure control. Video-EEG monitoring allows accurate/immediate diagnosis and rapid/intensive treatment of the stroke-associated seizures.
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•Background EEG is modified after seizure activity triggered by perinatal stroke.•These EEG changes affect all brain activity, and not exclusively the ischemic area.•Video-EEG monitoring allows an accurate and immediate diagnosis of the seizures.•Rapid and intensive seizure-treatment reverses the changes in the background EEG.
Abstract
Tricalcium silicate-based cements (TCS-BC) have reached great relevance in modern dentistry, where they are used in root-end filling or perforation repair treatments, and also for restoring ...deep and/or voluminous coronary carious lesions, among other applications. In some TCS-BC such as Biodentine
TM
, the physical and chemical properties, e.g. high compressive strength, have led to consider this cement as a dentine substitute. One of the drawbacks of Biodentine
TM
is its very high washout; which refers to the tendency of disintegrate at initial stage of hydration upon early contact with blood or other fluids, just at the moment after it is still as a freshly prepared paste. The present research was focused to compare properties related to workability and hardening at early stages of hydration of experimentally synthetized nano-sized tricalcium silicate (nTCS) and Biodentine
TM
(BIOD). Both pastes were tested for hardening at 0, 1, 2 and 3 h of hydration, using a penetration test adapted from standards D3441-79 and D1558-84. The hydrated products were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and
29
Si NMR spectroscopy; pH measurements were taken along 28 days of hydration. The set cement pastes were evaluated for sealing ability and microleakage. Following literature reports, the CSH phase as a hydration product, was identified and modeled in both cements as defective clinotobermorite Ca
11
Si
9
O
28
(OH)
2
·8.5H
2
O. The CSH phases obtained differ from each other by its microstructural arrangement and packing densities, which depend on the w/c ratio of nTCS and BIOD pastes, which were 0.5 and 0.36 respectively. The hardening of BIOD is significantly influenced by its w/c ratio with a hydration fluid that presumably contains about 0.05% of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer, which was identified by Raman spectroscopy. The washout and hardening properties were pictured by and scheme for flocculation, w/c ratio, and packing density of the CSH particles characterizing the cement pastes.
What constitutes a “normal” background electroencephalography (EEG) rhythm immediately after birth is not well understood. We performed video-electroencephalography recordings in the first six hours ...(first measure) and the third day of life (second measure) for evidence of transient changes in brain function.
We performed a cohort study of an incidental sample of healthy term neonates in a single-center nursery. Main outcome measures were as follows: (1) EEG visual analysis, which included sleep-wake cycles, proportions of discontinuity and bursts with delta brushes, and number per hour of alpha/theta rolandic activity, encoches frontales, and transients; and (2) the electroencephalographic spectral analysis, which included power spectrum in the following frequency bands: delta, 0.5 to 4 Hz; theta, 4 to 8 Hz; alpha, 8 to 13 Hz; and beta, 13 to 30 Hz. Theta/delta and alpha/delta ratios were also calculated.
Twenty-two babies were enrolled. Significant findings (P < 0.05) in the first six hours with respect to 48 to 72 hours of life were (1) increased discontinuity, indeterminate sleep, and bursts with delta brushes; (2) higher number of transients, and lower number of alpha/theta rolandic activity and encoches frontales. Minimal changes were found in power spectrum data. However, using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, theta/delta ratio ≤0.484 was the best cutoff to discriminate between the two measures (positive predictive value, 100.0; 95% confidence interval 71.0 to 100).
In healthy term neonates, immature electroencephalographic patterns, lack of clearly defined sleep-wake cycles, and frequent transients can be considered normal electroencephalographic findings in the first six hours of life. Normative power spectrum data are provided. These findings suggest that neonatal adaptation immediately after birth leads to transient changes in brain function.
This paper focuses on analyzing the pozzolanic behavior of bamboo cortex (BC), sugarcane bagasse (SB) ashes, and alunite natural pozzolan (NP). BC and SB were initially incinerated at 600 °C from 2 ...to 8 h to select the most optimal ash regarding their chemical reactivity. Physical and chemical tests evaluated their pozzolanic activity. It was found that 20% BC incinerated for 6 h in replacement of Portland composite cement can be successfully used to prepare mortars with higher mechanical behavior than SBA and NP. After burning and milling processes, these agricultural wastes produce cementitious materials with good pozzolanic behavior. Alunite NP is used in the central part of Mexico for restoring the heritage buildings.
•Nanometric size distribution of ashes contributes to the pozzolanic reaction.•An increase in sintering time produces loss in pozzolanic activity.•BCA pozzolanic activity was higher than for SBA.•BCA has higher pozzolanic activity because of the presence of other phases.
Background
Although 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (AP), sometimes it produces false results in children with ...clinical features of AP. There are no studies on the comparison of the sensitivity of DMSA and concentrating capacity test.
Methods
Eighty-five infants with AP of less than one year old were studied to evaluate whether they had real AP or not. Data were compared between infants with an abnormal (group A,
n
=64) and those with a normal DMSA scan (group B,
n
=21) respectively. A DDAVP test was performed for each infant.
Results
All the infants in both groups presented a high level of C-reactive protein and fever (≥38°C). There were no differences in clinical and analytical variables except C-reactive protein level in the two groups. Both groups exhibited a low urinary osmolality (87.5% in the group A
vs.
85.7% in the group B). The patients with normal DMSA and decreased concentrating capacity have some renal parenchymal damage and not only a lower urinary infection. Of the infants with an abnormal DMSA scan, 33.9% showed renal scars after 6–12 months. No infant with a normal DMSA scan showed scars. The biochemical variables in both groups of infants were not related to vesicoureteral refl ux.
Conclusion
Infants with AP, normal DMSA scan and low concentrating capacity may be characterized by a localized infection in the medulla (medullonephritis) or by a false negative DMSA scan.
Abstract Background “Normal” background EEG immediately after birth is unknown. We performed video-EEG recordings in the first 6 hours (first measure) and the third day of life (second measure) for ...evidence of transient changes of brain function. Main procedures. Design Cohort study of an incidental sample of healthy full-term neonates in a single-centre nursery. Main outcome measures: 1) The EEG visual analysis included sleep-wake cycles, proportions of discontinuity and bursts with delta brushes, and number per hour of alpha/theta rolandic activity (A/TRA), encoches frontales and transients; and 2) The EEG spectral analysis included power spectrum in the following frequency bands: delta 0.5-4 Hz; theta 4-8 Hz; alpha 8-13 Hz and beta 13-30 Hz. Theta/delta (TDR) and alpha/delta (ADR) ratios were also calculated. Main findings Twenty-two babies were enrolled. Significant findings ( P <0.05) in the first 6 hours with respect to 48-72 hours of life were: 1) increased discontinuity, indeterminate sleep, and bursts with delta brushes; 2) higher number of transients, and lower of A/TRA and encoches frontales. Minimal changes were found in power spectrum data. However, using ROC curve analysis, TDR≤0.484 was the best cut-off to discriminate between the two measures (positive predictive value: 100.0; 95% CI: 71.0-100). Principal conclusions in healthy term neonates, immature EEG patterns, lack of clearly defined sleep-wake cycles and frequent transients can be considered normal EEG findings in the first 6 hours of life. Normative power spectrum data are provided. These findings suggest that neonatal adaptation immediately after birth leads to transient changes of brain function.
Situs inversus is an uncommon congenital malformation consisting of inverted position of the thoracoabdominal organs, being able to be total or partial and frequently associated with syndromes such ...as Kartagener’s. It requires an early diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach. It is usually a casual finding, so we should suspect it in newborns properly treated with persistence of respiratory symptoms in which we have dismissed other causes of respiratory distress.
We report the case of a term newborn of adequate weight for gestational age with a situs inversus totalis show in an echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound.
El situs inversus es una malformación congénita poco frecuente consistente en la posición invertida de los órganos toracoabdominales, pudiendo ser total o parcial y asociándose frecuentemente a síndromes como el de Kartagener. Requiere de un diagnóstico precoz y un abordaje multidisciplinar. Suele ser un hallazgo casual por lo que debemos sospecharlo ante la persistencia de clínica respiratoria en recién nacidos tratados de forma adecuada y habiendo descartado otras causas que puedan originarla.
Presentamos el caso de un recién nacido a término de peso adecuado para la edad gestacional con un situs inversus totalis objetivado en una ecocardiografía y ecografía abdominal.
Introduction: This work aimed to assess the approach of behavioral activation for the treatment of adult patients diagnosed with depressive disorder; the importance of this study in the clinical ...setting is significant since it allowed us to know the viability and acceptability of the treatment. Behavioral activation is the basis of this study. Materials and method: Systematic review, under the PRISMA methodology, the PICO tool was implemented to formulate the research question. Results: 42 articles were located, of which, upon complete reading, 23 met the inclusion criteria established for the review.
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