Concomitant use of ledipasvir and boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) may increase the risk of tenofovir (TDF) nephrotoxicity, since both these drugs increase TDF levels. Our aim was to evaluate ...glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) evolution during HCV treatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) in HCV/HIV coinfected patients, according to their antiretroviral treatment (ARV).
Observational prospective study of HCV/HIV coinfected patients treated with SOF/LDV. eGFR evolution was evaluated during and 12 weeks after HCV treatment. Patients were categorized in three groups based on ARV regimen: non TDF, non-boosted TDF and TDF + boosted PI.
We included 273 patients: 145 were receiving a non-TDF regimen, 78 a non-boosted TDF scheme and 50 were receiving TDF + boosted PI. We observed a statistically significant decrease in eGFR during treatment in all groups (non TDF p = 0.03, 95%CI 0.23-3.86, non-boosted TDF p < 0.01, 95%CI 3.36-7.44, TDF + PI p = 0.01, 95%CI 1.09-7.53). The decrease was more pronounced in those receiving unboosted TDF (- 5.40 ml/min/1.73m
), but differences in eGFR decrease between the three groups were small and not statistically different (p = 0.06). eGFR decrease was greater in patients treated for 24 weeks (p = 0.009) and in cirrhotic patients (p = 0.036). At the end of follow up a recovery of eGFR was observed in all groups.
We observed a significant decrease in eGFR during treatment in all study groups, that was small and reversible after SOF/LDV discontinuation. TDF was not associated with an increase in renal toxicity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to investigate the diversity of native medicinal plants in a caatinga area, verifying the versatility of species and concordance of use among the informants, in the Angico de Cima ...community, in the city of Aurora, Ceará, Brazil. Ethnobotanical data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with key informants, adopting the snowball technique. The Relative Importance (RI) and Consensus Factor among Informants (ICF) were analyzed to indicate the most versatile species with the highest agreement of use, respectively. Within the 35 registered native species, eight presented great versatility, with a RI> 1, standing out Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. (1.86) and Heliotropium indicum (L.) Lehm (1.67). The 60 therapeutic indications were grouped into 13 body systems categories, of which Genitourinary System Disorder and Nervous, had the highest agreement of use with ICF from 0.8, each. Some species, such as Heliotropium indicum, have a high RI, are scarcely indicated for therapeutic activities in caatinga and require studies that prove their medicinal properties.
Kidney biomarkers in tropical infections: an update Duarte, Daniella Bezerra; Lacerda, Maria Carolina Santa Rita; Ribeiro, Yara Janaína Porto ...
Pathogens and global health,
08/2020, Letnik:
114, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Neglected tropical diseases affect over 1 billion people, and cause 170,000 deaths each year. They result in disability, stigma and disfigurement, and also push families into poverty. Tropical ...infections can involve the kidney, presenting as a wide variety of ways, varying from transient urinary abnormalities to severe acute kidney injury (AKI). It is important to assess renal function in patients with tropical infections for earlier detection of AKI, appropriate treatment and prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) outcome in some of them. There was an exponential increase in research on new kidney biomarkers that were earlier and specific for renal damage but few in the scope of tropical infections. In this review, we focus on kidney biomarkers that are being studied in some of the most prevalent tropical infections such as visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, malaria, schistosomiasis and leprosy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of renal biomarkers in the early diagnosis of renal diseases associated with tropical infections.
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Fabaceae is one of the largest families of ethnopharmacological importance. From this botanical group, important chemical constituents that act in the treatment and/or healing of ...various bodily systems arise. The objective of this study was to evaluate the most versatile Fabaceae species and the agreement of use among the informants, in the Chapada do Araripe Savanna. The research included five rural communities located in the municipalities of Nova Olinda, Crato, Barbalha, Moreilândia and Exu, covering the states of Ceará and Pernambuco. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 126 informants, adopting the snowball technique and using a standardized form. The relative importance and the Informant Consensus Factor were analyzed for the selection of species with therapeutic potential. Twenty-six medicinal species, distributed across 22 genera, were associated with seventy therapeutic purposes. As for the habitat of the species, the arboreal habitat predominated (76.92%). In relation to the plant parts, the bark (28.57%) and stem inner bark (26.53%) were the most used structures. Among the species, four showed great versatility in relation to their uses, with relative importance (RI¯>1), these being: Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (1.70), Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. (1.52), Bowdichia virgiloides Kunth (1.10) and Amburana cearenses (Allemand) A. C. Sm. (1.02). These species had eight to thirty curative properties and ranged from five to twelve body systems. The therapeutic indications cited were grouped into sixteen categories of body systems, of which Sensory System Disorders and Mental and Behavioral Diseases presented maximum values for the Informant Consensus Factor. For the Sexual Impotence category there was no agreement, whereas for the remaining systems the Informant Consensus Factor ranged from 0.33 to 0.91. The study evidences that the information of use and/or knowledge are shared among the people within the community, proving the great importance of Fabaceae in the use of medicinal plants.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effects that breeder age has on digestive and immune system development; the transfer of immunoglobulins to egg yolk, yolk sac, and neonate ...chicks; and the immune response of chicks up to 35 days old. Three ages (32, 42, and 52 weeks) of Hubbard breeders were studied with ages as treatments. A total of 425 eggs were weighed for each of the three treatments and incubated. After hatching, a total of 300 1-day-old chicks were used in each treatment. We studied the development of the gastrointestinal tract and immune system of progeny and IgY transfer from breeder to progeny. Chicks from 52-week-old breeders had greater gastrointestinal tract growth up to seven days of life and greater body weight at 14 days. Older breeders (52 weeks) had higher amounts of IgY in serum and egg yolk. Chicks from the youngest breeders (32-weeks-old) had a better immune response at two weeks post-vaccination. It can be concluded that the older breeders have a greater capacity to immunize progeny up to 14 days. Strategies can be developed to increase IgY in the serum of young breeders and, consequently, increase the innate immunity of the newly-hatched chicks.
This manuscript aims to report the nutrition transition in Brazilian children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2019. Microdata from the Brazilian National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and ...Children (PNDS 2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were analyzed. The indicators considered were: micronutrient status (anemia and vitamin A deficiency), anthropometric status (stunting and excessive weight), and breastfeeding practice (exclusive breastfeeding among children < 6 months and continued breastfeeding among children 12-23 months). We also analyzed minimum dietary diversity (MDD), consumption of ultra-processed foods, consumption of meat or eggs, and not consuming fruits or vegetables in children 6-59 months of age only for ENANI-2019. Equiplot charts were generated according to geographic region, maternal schooling level, and maternal race/skin color. From 2006 to 2019, the prevalence rates of anemia and vitamin A deficiency decreased from 20.5% to 10.1% and 17.2% to 6%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting remained at 7%, and excessive weight rates increased from 6% to 10.1%. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children < 6 months increased from 38.6% to 45.8%, and of continued breastfeeding among children 12-23 months from 34.6% to 43.6%. In 2019, 61.5% of children achieved the MDD, 88.8% consumed ultra-processed foods, 83.1% consumed meat or egg, and 25.7% did not consume fruits or vegetables the day before the survey. Trends of decreased micronutrient deficiencies, increased breastfeeding, and excessive weight rates, as well as reductions in disparities related to geographic region, maternal schooling level, and maternal race/skin color, were observed for most of the indicators.
Resumen: Buscamos informar sobre la transición nutricional en niños brasileños menores de 5 años entre 2006 y 2019. Se analizaron microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer (PNDS 2006) y del Encuesta Nacional de Alimentación Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Se consideraron los siguientes indicadores: estado de micronutrientes (anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A), estado nuricional antropométrico (sobrepeso y baja estatura) y la práctica de la lactancia materna (lactancia materna exclusiva en niños < 6 meses y lactancia materna continua entre niños de 12-23 meses) como indicadores. Analizamos la diversidad dietética mínima (DDM), el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, carne o huevos, y el no consumo de frutas o verduras solo para ENANI-2019 en niños de 6-59 meses de edad. Se generaron equiplots en función de la región geográfica, la educación y raza/color de la piel de la madre. Entre 2006 y 2019, las prevalencias de anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A disminuyeron del 20,5% al 10,1% y del 17,2% al 6%, respectivamente. La prevalencia del déficit de estatura se mantuvo en el 7 % y la de sobrepeso aumentó del 6% al 10,1%. La prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva en niños < 6 aumentó del 38,6% al 45,8% y la de lactancia materna continua entre niños de 12-23 meses aumentó del 34,6% al 43,6%. En 2019, el 61,5% de los niños alcanzaron DDM, el 88,8% consumieron alimentos utraprocesados, el 83,1% consumieron carne o huevos y el 25,7% no consumieron frutas o verduras el día anterior a la encuesta. Observamos tendencias de disminución de las deficiencias de micronutrientes, un aumento de la lactancia materna y sobrepeso y reducciones en las disparidades regionales, de escolaridad y de raza/color de la piel de la madre para la mayoría de los indicadores.
Resumo: Buscamos reportar a transição nutricional em crianças brasileiras menores de 5 anos de idade entre 2006 e 2019. Foram analisados microdados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS 2006) e do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Foram considerados os seguintes indicadores: status de micronutrientes (anemia e deficiência de vitamina A), estado nutricional antropométrico (excesso de peso e baixa estatura) e a prática de aleitamento materno (aleitamento materno exclusivo entre crianças < 6 meses e aleitamento materno continuado entre crianças de 12-23 meses). Analisamos a diversidade alimentar mínima (DAM), o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados, de carne ou ovos e o não consumo de frutas ou hortaliças apenas para o ENANI-2019 em crianças de 6-59 meses de idade. Equiplots foram gerados de acordo com a região geográfica, escolaridade e raça/cor da pele maternas. Entre 2006 e 2019, as prevalências de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A diminuíram de 20,5% para 10,1% e de 17,2% para 6%, respectivamente. A prevalência de déficit de estatura manteve-se em 7% e a de excesso de peso aumentou de 6% para 10,1%. A prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo entre crianças < 6 meses aumentou de 38,6% para 45,8% e a de aleitamento materno continuado entre crianças de 12-23 meses aumentou de 34,6% para 43,6%. Em 2019, 61,5% das crianças atingiram a DAM, 88,8% consumiram alimentos ultraprocessados, 83,1% consumiram carne ou ovos e 25,7% não consumiram frutas ou hortaliças no dia anterior à pesquisa. Observamos tendências de diminuição das deficiências de micronutrientes, aumento do aleitamento materno e excesso de peso e reduções em disparidades regional, de escolaridade e de raça/cor da pele maternas para a maioria dos indicadores.
This study compared the distribution of stunting and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores among age groups in data from the Brazilian National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children (PNDS ...2006) and the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The final sample comprised 4,408 and 14,553 children < 59 months of age in the PNDS 2006 and ENANI-2019, respectively. Children with HAZ scores < -2 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) growth standard were classified as stunted. Prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), means, and standard deviations were estimated for Brazil and according to age. The distribution of HAZ scores at each age (in months) was estimated using the svysmooth function of the R survey package. Analyses considered the complex sampling design of the studies. Statistical differences were determined by analyzing the 95%CI of the overlap of point estimates. From 2006 to 2019, the prevalence of stunting for children < 12 months of age increased from 4.7% to 9%. As expected, the smoothed curves showed a higher mean HAZ score for children < 24 months of age in 2006 than in 2019 with no overlap of 95%CI among children aged 6-12 months. For children ≥ 24 months of age, we observed a higher mean HAZ score in 2019. Although the prevalence of stunting among children < 59 months of age was similar between 2006 and 2019, mean HAZ scores among children ≥ 24 months of age increased, whereas the mean HAZ score among children < 24 months of age decreased. Considering the deterioration in living conditions and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect a greater prevalence of stunting in Brazil in the near future.
Este estudio comparó la distribución de las puntuaciones Z de talla (ZTE) y el déficit de estatura por grupos de edad en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer (PNDS 2006) y la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Nuestra muestra final consistió en 4.408 y 14.553 niños < 59 meses de edad de PNDS 2006 y ENANI-2019, respectivamente. Los niños con puntuaciones HAZ < -2 según el patrón de crecimiento de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) se clasificaron como con déficit de talla para edad. Las prevalencias, los intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95 %), las medias y las desviaciones estándar se estimaron para Brasil y según la edad. La distribución de HAZ para cada edad (en meses) se estimó utilizando la función svysmooth del paquete R. Nuestros análisis tuvieron en cuenta el complejo diseño de muestra de los estudios. Las diferencias estadísticas se determinaron mediante el análisis de la superposición puntual de los IC95 %. Entre 2006 y 2019, la prevalencia del déficit de talla para edad en niños < 12 meses de edad aumentó del 4,7 % al 9%. Como se esperaba, las curvas suavizadas revelaron un HAZ promedio mayor para los niños < 24 meses de edad en 2006 que en 2019, sin una superposición del IC95 % entre los niños de 6-12 meses. Para los niños ≥ 24 meses de edad, observamos un HAZ promedio mayor en 2019. Aunque la prevalencia del déficit de talla para edad entre los niños < 59 meses de edad fue similar entre 2006 y 2019, observamos un aumento en el HAZ promedio entre los niños ≥ 24 meses de edad y una disminución en el HAZ promedio entre los niños < 24 meses de edad. Teniendo en cuenta el deterioro de las condiciones de vida y el impacto potencial de la pandemia de COVID-19, se espera una mayor prevalencia de déficit de talla para edad en Brasil en un futuro cercano.
Este estudo comparou a distribuição dos escores Z de estatura (ZAI) e déficit de estatura por faixas etárias nos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher (PNDS 2006) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Nossa amostra final foi composta por 4.408 e 14.553 crianças < 59 meses de idade da PNDS 2006 e ENANI-2019, respectivamente. Crianças com escores HAZ < -2 de acordo com o padrão de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) foram classificadas como tendo déficit de estatura. Prevalências, intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%), médias e desvios padrão foram estimados para o Brasil e de acordo com a idade. A distribuição dos HAZ em cada idade (em meses) foi estimada usando a função svysmooth do pacote R. Nossas análises consideraram o desenho amostral complexo dos estudos. Diferenças estatísticas foram determinadas pela análise da sobreposição pontual dos IC95%. Entre 2006 e 2019, a prevalência de déficit de estatura para crianças < 12 meses de idade aumentou de 4,7% para 9%. Como esperado, as curvas suavizadas revelaram um HAZ médio maior para crianças < 24 meses de idade em 2006 do que em 2019, sem sobreposição de IC95% entre crianças de 6-12 meses. Para crianças ≥ 24 meses de idade, observamos um HAZ médio maior em 2019. Embora a prevalência de déficit de estatura entre crianças < 59 meses de idade tenha sido semelhante entre 2006 e 2019, observamos um aumento no HAZ médio entre crianças ≥ 24 meses de idade e uma diminuição no HAZ médio entre crianças < 24 meses de idade. Considerando a deterioração das condições de vida e o potencial impacto da pandemia de COVID-19, espera-se uma maior prevalência de déficit de estatura no Brasil no futuro próximo.
This article aims to present general methodological aspects of the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019), from the conception of the study design to details of the data ...collection. This is a household-based population survey with a sample calculated at 15,000 households to identify children under five years of age, conducted in 123 municipalities in Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District. ENANI-2019 includes data on breastfeeding and dietary intake; anthropometric nutritional status of all children and their biological mothers; and nutritional status concerning the following micronutrients: iron (hemoglobin and ferritin), zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, D, E, and folic acid of children from 6 to 59 months of age. A total of 193,212 households were visited, of which 19,951 were eligible, and 12,524 were included in the study. A total of 14,558 children were studied, of whom 13,990 (96.1%) and 13,921 (95.6%) had their body mass and length/stature measured, respectively, and 14,541 (99.9%) underwent 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR). Of the 12,598 children eligible for blood sample collection, 8,739 (69.3%) had at least one laboratory parameter measured. Data were collected from February 2019 to March 2020, when the survey was interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence produced by the ENANI-2019 survey can back the formulation, follow-up, and/or reorientation of food and nutrition policies such as the promotion of breastfeeding and healthy eating and the prevention and control of different forms of malnutrition.
The National Wealth Score (IEN) is a synthetic household index that assesses socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to present the methods used to update the IEN using data from the Brazilian ...National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The following items were included: the education level of the mother or caregiver of the child; the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, TV sets, and cars in the household; and the presence of a radio, refrigerator or freezer, washing machine, microwave oven, telephone line, computers, air conditioner, media player devices, cable or satellite TV, cell phone ownership and type of service, cell phone internet, and internet at the household. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to estimate the IEN with and without incorporating the complex sampling design (CSD). Thus, the IEN validation considered proxy indicators of socioeconomic status and living conditions. The first component of the PCA explained 31% and 71% of the variation with and without incorporating the CSD, respectively. The coefficients of variation of the IEN were 53.4% and 2.6% with and without incorporating the CSD, respectively. The mean IEN score was lower in households without access to a sewage system, those that received benefits from Brazilian Income Transfer Program, those with some degree of food insecurity, and those with stunted children. Adding ENANI-2019 items to the calculation of IEN to capture technological advances resulted in a better fit of the model. Incorporating the CSD increased PCA performance and the IEN precision. The new IEN has an adequate performance in determining the socioeconomic status of households with children aged under five years.
El Indicador Económico Nacional (IEN) es un índice domiciliar que evalúa las condiciones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar los métodos utilizados en la actualización del IEN con base en datos del Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019). Se incluyeron los siguientes ítems: nivel educativo de la madre/cuidador del niño; la cantidad de dormitorios y baños, televisores y autos en el hogar; la tenencia de radio, heladera o freezer, lavadora, horno de microondas, línea telefónica, computadoras, aire acondicionado, equipo multimedia, televisión por cable o satélite, titularidad y tipo de servicio de telefonía celular, red de datos celular e internet en el hogar. Se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para estimar el IEN con y sin la incorporación de muestreo complejo. Así, la validación del IEN consideró indicadores proxy de nivel socioeconómico y condiciones de vida. El primer componente ACP explicó el 31% y el 71% de la variación con y sin la incorporación de muestreo complejo, respectivamente. Los coeficientes de variación del IEN fueron el 53,4% y el 2,6% con y sin incorporación de muestreo complejo, respectivamente. El puntaje medio del IEN fue menor en los hogares sin acceso a alcantarillado, en aquellos que recibieron beneficios del Programa Bolsa Família, en aquellos con algún grado de inseguridad alimentaria y en aquellos con niños con retraso en el crecimiento. La incorporación de los ítems del ENANI-2019 en el cálculo del IEN, con el fin de capturar los avances tecnológicos, dio como resultado un mejor ajuste del modelo. La incorporación de muestreo complejo incrementó el desempeño de la ACP y la precisión del IEN. El nuevo IEN tiene un desempeño adecuado para estimar el nivel socioeconómico de los hogares con niños menores de cinco años.
O Indicador Econômico Nacional (IEN) é um índice domiciliar sintético que avalia condições socioeconômicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os métodos utilizados para atualização do IEN a partir de dados do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019). Foram incluídos os seguintes itens: escolaridade da mãe/cuidador da criança; o número de quartos e banheiros, aparelhos de TV e carros no domicílio; a presença de rádio, geladeira ou freezer, máquina de lavar, forno micro-ondas, linha telefônica, computadores, ar-condicionado, aparelhos multimídia, TV a cabo ou via satélite, propriedade e tipo de serviço de telefone celular, rede de dados de telefone celular e internet no domicílio. A análise de componentes principais (ACP) foi utilizada para estimar o IEN com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa. Assim, a validação do IEN considerou indicadores proxy de nível socioeconômico e condições de vida. O primeiro componente da ACP explicou 31% e 71% da variação com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de variação do IEN foram de 53,4% e 2,6% com e sem a incorporação da amostragem complexa, respectivamente. O escore médio do IEN foi menor em domicílios sem acesso a esgoto, naqueles que receberam benefícios do Programa Bolsa Família, naqueles com algum grau de insegurança alimentar e naqueles com crianças com déficit de crescimento. A adição de itens do ENANI-2019 ao cálculo do IEN, a fim de capturar os avanços tecnológicos, resultou em um melhor ajuste do modelo. A incorporação da amostragem complexa aumentou o desempenho da ACP e a precisão do IEN. O novo IEN tem um desempenho adequado na determinação do nível socioeconômico de domicílios com crianças menores de cinco anos.
Malnutrition affects billions of individuals worldwide and represents a global health challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition or overweight) among ...mother-child dyads in children under 5 years old in Brazil in 2019 and to estimate changes in this prevalence from 2006 to 2019. Individual-level data from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) and the Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health of Women and Children carried out in 2006 (PNDS 2006) were analyzed. Malnutrition outcomes in mother-child dyads included overweight mother and child, undernourished mother and child, and the double burden of malnutrition, i.e., overweight mother and child having any form of undernourishment (stunting, wasting, or underweight). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Most women (58.2%) and 9.7% of the children were overweight, 6.9% were stunted, and 3.1% of mothers and 2.9% of the children were underweight. The prevalence of overweight in the mother-child dyad was 7.8% and was statistically higher in Southern Brazil (9.7%; 95%CI: 7.5; 11.9) than in the Central-West (5.4%; 95%CI: 4.3; 6.6). The prevalence of overweight mother and stunted child was 3.5%, with statistically significant difference between the extremes of the mother’s education 0-7 vs. ≥ 12 years, 4.8% (95%CI: 3.2; 6.5) and 2.1%, (95%CI: 1.2; 3.0), respectively. Overweight in the dyad increased from 5.2% to 7.8%, and the double burden of malnutrition increased from 2.7% to 5.2% since 2006. Malnutrition in Brazilian mother-child dyads seems to be a growing problem, and dyads with lower formal education, higher maternal age, and from the South Region of Brazil were more vulnerable.
Resumen: La malnutrición afecta a muchas personas en todo el mundo y representa un desafío para la salud mundial. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición (desnutrición o sobrepeso) entre díadas madre-hijo en niños menores de cinco años en Brasil en 2019 y estimar cambios en esta prevalencia de 2006 a 2019. Se analizaron datos individuales del Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019) y de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del Niño y de la Mujer de 2006 (PNDS 2006). Los resultados de la malnutrición incluyeron a madre e hijo con sobrepeso, madre e hijo desnutridos y la doble carga de mala nutrición, es decir, madre con sobrepeso e hijo con cualquier forma de desnutrición (retardo en el crecimiento, emaciación o bajo peso). Se calcularon prevalencias y los intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). La mayoría de las mujeres (58,2%) y el 9,7% de los niños tenían sobrepeso, el 6,9% de los niños presentaban retraso en el crecimiento, y el 3,1% de las madres y el 2,9% de los niños, bajo peso. La prevalencia de sobrepeso en la díada madre-hijo fue del 7,8%, estadísticamente mayor en el Sur de Brasil (9,7%; IC95%: 7,5; 11,9) que en el Centro-Oeste (5,4%; IC95%: 4,3; 6,6). La prevalencia de madres con sobrepeso y de niños con retraso del crecimiento fue del 3,5%, con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los extremos de nivel educativo de la madre (0-7 vs. ≥ 12 años de nivel educativo), 4,8% (IC95%: 3,2; 6,5) y 2,1% (IC95%: 1,2; 3,0), respectivamente. El sobrepeso en la díada tuvo un aumento del 5,2% al 7,8%, y la doble carga de mala nutrición aumentó del 2,7% al 5,2% desde 2006. La malnutrición en la díada madre-hijo brasileña resulta ser un problema creciente, siendo las más vulnerables aquellas con menor escolaridad y mayor edad materna y residentes en la Región Sur de Brasil.
Resumo: A má nutrição afeta bilhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo e representa um desafio de saúde global. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a prevalência de má nutrição (desnutrição ou excesso de peso) entre díades mãe-filho em crianças menores de cinco anos no Brasil em 2019 e estimar as mudanças nessa prevalência de 2006 a 2019. Foram analisados dados individuais do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019) e da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher realizada em 2006 (PNDS 2006). Os desfechos de má nutrição incluíram mãe e filho com excesso de peso, mãe e filho desnutridos e a dupla carga de má nutrição, ou seja, mãe com excesso de peso e filho com qualquer forma de desnutrição (défict de crescimento, magreza ou baixo peso). Foram estimadas a prevalência e os intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A maioria das mulheres (58,2%) e 9,7% das crianças estavam acima do peso, 6,9% apresentaram déficit de crescimento e 3,1% das mães e 2,9% das crianças estavam abaixo do peso. A prevalência de excesso de peso na díade mãe-filho foi de 7,8% e foi estatisticamente maior no Sul do Brasil (9,7%; IC95%: 7,5; 11,9) do que no Centro-oeste (5,4%; IC95%: 4,3; 6,6). A prevalência de mãe com sobrepeso e filho com déficit de crescimento foi de 3,5%, com uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os extremos de escolaridade materna (0-7 vs. ≥ 12 anos de estudo), 4,8% (IC95%: 3,2; 6,5) and 2,1% (IC95%: 1,2; 3,0), respectivamente. O excesso de peso na díade aumentou de 5,2% para 7,8% e a dupla carga de má nutrição aumentou de 2,7% para 5,2% desde 2006. A má nutrição nas díades mãe-filho brasileiras parece ser um problema crescente, sendo as mais vulneráveis aquelas com menor escolaridade e maior idade materna e residentes na Região Sul do Brasil.
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