•This is the first study to explore the psychometric properties of the OASIS and ODSIS, screening tools for anxiety and mood disorders, in a Spanish sample of patients diagnosed with emotional ...disorders in a specialized mental health setting.•The OASIS and ODSIS are easily administered screening tools with an excellent internal consistency, favorable convergent and discriminant validity, and good sensitivity to therapeutic change.•A cut-off point of 10 for both instruments results in the best rate of correct clinical/nonclinical classifications.•The Spanish adaptations of the OASIS and the ODSIS demonstrated their cross-cultural utility.•The OASIS and ODSIS should make screening of anxiety and depressive symptoms in public health settings more feasible and could facilitate adequate referrals and routine evaluation.
Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most frequent disorders for which patients seek care in public health settings in Spain. This study aimed at validating the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) and the Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (ODSIS), which are brief screening scales for anxiety and depression consisting of only five items each.
The study was conducted in a Spanish clinical sample receiving outpatient mental health treatment (N = 339). A subsample of participants (n = 219) was assessed before and after receiving a course of cognitive-behavioral treatment.
The results revealed excellent internal consistency estimates (Cronbach's alpha for the OASIS and the ODSIS was 0.87 and 0.94, respectively), along with promising convergent and discriminant validity and test-criterion relationships (i.e., moderate correlation with other measures of depression and anxiety, as well as with neuroticism, quality of life, adjustment, and negative affect). A one-dimensional structure was obtained for the OASIS and the ODSIS. The ROC analyses indicated an area under the curve of 0.83 for the OASIS and the ODSIS when predicting moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression, respectively. Good sensitivity to therapeutic change was also evidence and the analysis of the sensitivity as a function of 1-specificity area suggested a cutoff value of 10 for both scales.
Inter-rater reliability of diagnoses with the ADIS-IV interview could not be investigated and the results obtained may not be generalizable to other samples and health settings.
The availability of these two short and psychometrically sound measures should make screening of anxiety and depressive symptoms in routine care more feasible.
The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Unified Protocol (UP), a transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders (EDs), when applied in a group format in the public mental ...health system in Spain.
488 participants with a primary diagnosis of ED were randomized to the UP group or to the treatment as usual (TAU; individual, disorder-specific cognitive behavioral therapy). Personality, depression and anxiety symptoms, affect, and quality of life were assessed at pre-treatment, 3 months after treatment onset (coinciding with the end of the UP treatment), and 6 and 9 months after treatment onset (follow-ups). The moderating effect of the treatment condition and the number of sessions received in the evolution of study outcomes was investigated with a linear mixed model analysis.
A significant improvement in outcomes occurred in both conditions, except for extraversion in the TAU. Improvements in depression, anxiety and quality of life were larger in the UP condition. After the treatment, improvements were maintained at follow-ups in all study outcomes. An interaction between Time*Condition*Sessions was found for depression.
The results add to the existing evidence on the effectiveness of the UP and may be important for implementation purposes in the Spanish or other similar public mental health systems. Trial registration number NCT03064477 (March 10, 2017).
Emotional disorders (EDs) are highly prevalent during the reproductive period, including pregnancy, postpartum, and women undergoing fertility treatments. International guidelines are increasingly ...suggesting the need to evaluate, prevent, and treat EDs in those women. The main aim of this narrative review is to summarize current practice in the field of EDs management during fertility treatments, pregnancy, and the postpartum and to propose a new technology-based model of care that helps to provide psychological care to all women who are in these periods. Four different databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science) were consulted. Selected keywords were related with infertility, pregnancy, postpartum, EDs, assessment, prevention, treatment, and technologies. We identified 1603 studies and 43 were included in this review. According to these studies, different face-to-face protocols already exist to manage EDs in women undergoing fertility treatments, pregnant or at the postpartum. We noticed an increased interest in developing technology-based solutions to overcome the limitations of traditional mental healthcare services. However, we also detected some issues in the use of technologies (i.e. increased attention to the postpartum or the lack of transdiagnostic approaches). Our results evidenced that there is still a need to develop modern, well-designed, and conceptually-relevant ICT-based programs to be used in women undergoing fertility treatments, pregnant or at the postpartum.
Background
Neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), and negative/positive affect (NA/PA) are personality/affective characteristics highly related to the etiology and maintenance of emotional disorders ...(EDs). This study aims at exploring the moderating role of baseline personality/ and affectivity profiles in the response to a transdiagnostic psychological treatment for EDs.
Methods
Outcomes were N, E, NA, PA, depression, and anxiety. These were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up in 157 participants with EDs who received the Unified Protocol (UP) in group format in the Spanish Health System. A linear mixed model analysis was carried out to investigate different recovery trajectories as a function of baseline personality and affective profiles
Results
Significant changes occurred in all variables after the UP. Medium and high baseline scores in N and NA moderate the largest changes on N, NA and E while lower baseline scores in PA and E moderate the largest changes on E and PA. Changes over time on depression and anxiety symptoms were not predicted from personality/affect baseline scores.
Conclusion
The study results support the short-medium term utility of the UP to address all study outcomes. Moreover, personalizing interventions according to baseline personality/affect might be a sensible strategy to enhance the UP effectiveness. Trial registration number NCT03064477 (March 10, 2017).
Snyder-Robinson syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder, caused by mutations of the spermine synthase gene. We report a novel case of Snyder-Robinson syndrome, caused by a de novo mutation and ...first misdiagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. Clinical features, course, and genetic analysis are presented. The patient was treated with bisphosphonates for a decade, until developing an atypical femoral fracture. Teriparatide was then administered for 2 years and then changed to denosumab every 6 months, improving his bone density mass and preventing further fractures.
Introduction
Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP) is a synthetic cathinone with uneven distribution throughout the world. Its use is not uniformly regulated and its distribution is legal in some ...European countries. Easily accessible and available through different websites. Synthetic cathinones inhibit monoamine transporters which include dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, resulting in increased neurotransmitter synaptic concentration. Ways of administration show wide range regarding latency period. Onset and appearance of symptoms as well as their duration and intensity may fluctuate. A decreasing order of latency (oral, inhaled, sublingual and intravenous) has been reported. α-PHP can result in the appearance of psychiatric symptoms, include among others, intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes.
Objectives
The aim of our study was to assess the epidemiology, clinical and legal features regarding Alpha-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP).
Methods
Review the current bibliography to upgrade the existing knowledge. -Present assorted cases with diverse clinical features. All cases include variability through psychopathological interview, symptoms assessment and treatment response according to rating scales (PANSS, YMRS). -Evaluate different treatment administration ways during acute phase and after hospital discharge.
Results
Differences were observed after hospitalization in the response using diverse rating scales. We used antipsychotics to treat intoxication with sensory perception disturbances and α-PHP -induced psychotic episodes. α-PHP had a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients.
Conclusions
α-PHP is a synthetic cathinone with potential risk to mental health and life of users. It is mandatory to implement common legislation all through the European Union to prevent its use and possible implications on population’s mental health.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Because psychological variables are known to intercorrelate, the goal of this investigation was to compare the unique association between several well-established psychological constructs in pain ...research and pain-related outcomes. Sex differences are considered because pain is experienced differently across sex groups.
Participants were 456 consecutive chronic pain patients attending a tertiary pain clinic (mean age = 58.4 years, SD = 14.8, 63.6% women). The study design was cross-sectional. Psychological constructs included personality (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), irrational thinking (General Attitudes and Beliefs Scale), and coping (Social Problem Solving Inventory). Outcomes were pain severity and interference (Brief Pain Inventory) and physical, general, and mental health status (Short Form-36). To decide whether the bivariate analyses and the two-block, multivariate linear regressions for each study outcome (block 1 = age, sex, and pain severity; block 2 = psychological variables) should be conducted with the whole sample or split by sex, we first explored whether sex moderated the relationship between psychological variables and outcomes. An alpha level of 0.001 was set to reduce the risk of type I errors due to multiple comparisons.
The moderation analyses indicated no sex differences in the association between psychological variables and study outcomes (all interaction terms p > .05). Thus, further analyses were calculated with the whole sample. Specifically, the bivariate analyses revealed that psychological constructs were intercorrelated in the expected direction and mostly correlated with mental health and overall perceived health status. In the regressions, when controlling for age, sex, and pain severity, psychological factors as a block significantly increased the explained variance of physical functioning (ΔR2 = .037, p < .001), general health (ΔR2 = .138, p < .001), and mental health (ΔR2 = .362, p < .001). However, unique associations were only obtained for mental health and neuroticism (β = - 0.30, p < .001) and a negative problem orientation (β = - 0.26, p < .001).
There is redundancy in the relationship between psychological variables and pain-related outcomes and the strength of this association is highest for mental health status. The association between psychological characteristics and health outcomes was comparable for men and women, which suggests that the same therapeutic targets could be selected in psychological interventions of pain patients irrespective of sex.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose: Individuals with fibromyalgia and obesity experience significant impairment in physical functioning. Pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and pain acceptance have all been identified as ...important factors associated with the level of disability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and pain acceptance as mediators of the association between perceived pain severity and physical functioning in individuals with fibromyalgia and obesity. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 165 women with fibromyalgia and obesity completed self-report questionnaires of perceived pain severity (ie, Numeric Pain Rating Scale), pain catastrophizing (ie, Pain Catastrophizing Scale), kinesiophobia (ie Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), pain acceptance (ie, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire), and perceived physical functioning (ie, Physical Functioning subscale of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire). In addition, a performance-based test (ie, 6-minute walking test) was conducted to assess objective physical functioning. Two multiple mediation analyses were performed. Results: Pain acceptance and kinesiophobia mediated the relationship between pain severity and self-reported physical functioning. Pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia mediated the relationship between pain severity and performance-based functioning. Conclusion: Pain acceptance, kinesiophobia, and pain catastrophizing should be addressed in rehabilitative intervention to improve physical functioning. Interestingly, the subjective and objective aspects of physical functioning are influenced by different factors. Therefore, interventions for women with fibromyalgia and obesity should focus on factors related to both subjective and performance-based physical functioning. Keywords: chronic pain, fear-avoidance model, fibromyalgia, functioning, obesity, psychological flexibility model
Over the last years, heavy ethanol consumption by teenagers/younger adults has increased considerably among females. However, few studies have addressed the long-term impact on brain structures' ...morphology and function of chronic exposure to high ethanol doses from adolescence to adulthood in females. In line with this idea, in the current study we investigated whether heavy chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence to adulthood may induce motor impairments and morphological and cellular alterations in the cerebellum of female rats. Adolescent female Wistar rats (35 days old) were treated with distilled water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) during 55 days by gavage. At 90 days of age, motor function of animals was assessed using open field (OF), pole, beam walking and rotarod tests. Following completion of behavioral tests, morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of the cerebellum were performed. Chronic ethanol exposure impaired significantly motor performance of female rats, inducing spontaneous locomotor activity deficits, bradykinesia, incoordination and motor learning disruption. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that ethanol exposure induced atrophy and neuronal loss in the cerebellum. These findings indicate that heavy ethanol exposure during adolescence is associated with long-lasting cerebellar degeneration and motor impairments in female rats.
Bilateria are currently subdivided into three superclades: Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, and Lophotrochozoa. Within this new taxonomic frame, acoelomate Platyhelminthes, for a long time held to be basal ...bilaterians, are now considered spiralian Iophotrochozoans. However, recent 18S rDNA small subunit (SSU) analyses have shown Platyhelminthes to be polyphyletic with two of its orders, the Acoela and the Nemertodermatida, as the earliest extant bilaterians. To corroborate such position and avoid the criticisms of saturation and long-branch effects thrown on the SSU molecule, we have searched for independent molecular data bearing good phylogenetic information at deep evolutionary nodes. Here we report a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the myosin heavy chain type II (myosin II) gene from a large set of metazoans, including acoels and nemertodermatids. Our study demonstrates, both for the myosin II data set alone and for a combined SSU + myosin II data set, that Platyhelminthes are polyphyletic and that acoels and nemertodermatids are the extant earliest bilaterians. Hence, the common bilaterian ancestor was not, as currently held, large and complex but small, simple, and likely with direct development. This scenario has far-reaching implications for understanding the evolution of major body plans and for perceptions of the Cambrian evolutionary explosion.
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