Im Nationalen Aktionsplan zur nachhaltigen Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln (NAP) hat die Bundesregierung für den Bereich Lückenindikationen/Sonderkulturen und für den Vorratsschutz zur ...Verbesserung der Verfügbarkeit von Pflanzenschutzmittel folgendes Ziel formuliert: „in 80% aller relevanten Anwendungsgebiete stehen bis zum Jahr 2023 mindestens 3 Wirkstoffgruppen zur Verfügung“. Im Rahmen der Bund-Länder Arbeitsgruppe Lückenindikationen (BLAG-LÜCK) führten die zugehörigen Unterarbeitsgruppen Lückenindikationen (UAG) und das Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI) im Jahr 2017 eine Analyse zum Ist-Stand für alle Sparten der UAG durch. Als Grundlage für die Analyse wurden von den UAG insgesamt 194 relevante Anwendungsgebiete ausgewählt, für die das JKI zum Stichtag, dem 3. Oktober 2016, insgesamt 1.058 Zulassungen ermittelte. Diese Zulassungen wurden hinsichtlich ihrer „Passfähigkeit“ zu den Anwendungsgebieten bezüglich Kultur, Schadorganismus und Anwendungsbedingungen eingeteilt. Nachfolgend schätzten die UAG aufgrund ihrer fachlichen Expertise ein, ob mit den ausgewiesenen Zulassungen und den damit vorhandenen Wirkstoffklassen die „Lücken geschlossen“ sind oder nicht. Das Ergebnis der Analyse belegt, dass die Zielquote des NAP „mindestens 3 Wirkstoffgruppen stehen zur Verfügung“ derzeit bei keiner Sparte erreicht wird.
The first chondrichthyan teeth, dermal and oropharyngeal denticles from the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine Quiricó Formation (Sanfranciscana Basin), in southeastern Brazil are described. Eight ...microremains morphologies have been recovered from lower levels of this formation, dated as possibly Valanginian with basis on ostracods. The dermal denticles belongs to indeterminate Hybodontiformes; some teeth are ascribed to ?Lonchidiidae. The presence of Tribodus is suggested by some dermal denticles, but this assignment requires confirmation with more complete material. The new specimens indicate a much greater diversity of chondrichthyans in the Quiricó Formation than previously thought. The associated occurrence of hybodontiforms, the coelacanthiform Mawsonia and early neopterygians observed in the Sanfranciscana Basin is not uncommon for the Cretaceous sedimentary strata of Brazil and Africa. However, the use of the Quiricó Formation shark remains as biostratigraphic tool is limited, due to their current poor taxonomic and relatively broad temporal distribution.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
The Wilms’ tumour‐1 (
WT
1) protein is considered a prime target for cancer immunotherapy based on its presumptive immunogenicity and widespread expression across a variety of malignancies. ...However, little is known about the naturally occurring
WT
1‐specific T‐cell repertoire because self‐derived antigens typically elicit low frequency responses that challenge the sensitivity limits of current detection techniques. In this study, we used highly efficient cell enrichment procedures based on CD137, CD154, and
pHLA
class I tetramer staining to conduct a detailed analysis of
WT
1‐specific T cells from the peripheral blood. Remarkably, we detected
WT
1‐specific
CD
4
+
and
CD
8
+
T‐cell populations in the vast majority of healthy individuals. Memory responses specific for
WT
1 were commonly present in the
CD
4
+
T‐cell compartment, whereas
WT
1‐specific
CD
8
+
T cells almost universally displayed a naive phenotype. Moreover, memory
CD
4
+
and naive
CD
8
+
T cells with specificity for
WT
1 were found to coexist in some individuals. Collectively, these findings suggest a natural discrepancy between the
CD
4
+
and
CD
8
+
T‐cell lineages with respect to memory formation in response to a self‐derived antigen. Nonetheless,
WT
1‐specific T cells from both lineages were readily activated
ex vivo
and expanded
in vitro
, supporting the use of strategies designed to exploit this expansive reservoir of self‐reactive T cells for immunotherapeutic purposes.
Knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of surface soil water content (SWC) is important to understand the linkage between hydrological, ecological and geological processes in a region. ...Optical Earth observation (EO) data offer the possibility to retrieve surface soil water information, since an overall decrease of soil reflectance corresponds to increasing SWC. Sensitivity analysis of the combined leaf (PROSPECT) and canopy (SAILH) reflectance models (PROSAIL) to soil reflectance variations was carried out, and remote sensing and ground data from different experimental agricultural sites (ESA Spectra Barrax Campaigns (SPARC) 2004, ESA Airborne SAR and Optic Campaigns (AgriSAR) 2006 and participatory multi-level EO-assisted tools for irrigation water management and agricultural decision-support (PLEIADeS) 2007) were exploited. A simple look-up table (LUT) inversion technique was implemented to estimate canopy and soil variables. High negative relationships (r = −0.87) between the soil reflectance factor of the model and the measured SWC were found for several crop types and different locations exhibiting a low fractional vegetation cover (fCover). Even though quantification of SWC is difficult, the method could be useful to obtain relative SWC information, especially before the start and at the beginning of the growing season. Furthermore, the physically based estimation approach offers the possibility of getting information about soil and canopy characteristics concurrently from optical EO data. The methodology presented in this article may also represent a suitable complement in the retrieval of SWC from active microwave.
Background/Aim: DNA methylation plays an important role in the initiation and propagation of carcinogenesis; however, the role of heterogeneously methylated epialleles is currently not well studied, ...also due to the lack of sensitive, unbiased and high throughput methods. Here, a newly developed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based method was evaluated regarding its ability to quantify such heterogeneously methylated epialleles with sufficient analytical sensitivity and specificity. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA from blood leukocytes and bone marrow aspirate of an 8-year old male with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and from normal and malignant prostate cell lines were analysed using ddPCR. Results: By using these DNA samples, the specificity of an applied set of fluorescence-labeled probes was demonstrated as a proof of concept. Conclusion: All individual heterogeneously-methylated epialleles were quantifiable by a set of fluorescence-labeled probes with complementary sequences to epialleles in a closed-tube and high-throughput manner. The new method named epiallele-sensitive droplet digital PCR (EAST-ddPCR) may give new insights in the generation and regulation of epialleles and may help in finding new biomarkers for the diagnosis of benign und malignant diseases.
The nonapeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) has long been suggested to play an important role as a secretagogue for triggering the activity of the endocrine stress response. Most recent studies ...employed mutant mice for analyzing the importance of AVP for endocrine regulation under stress. However, it is difficult to compare and draw overall conclusions from all these studies as mixing the genetic material from different mouse strains has consequences on the individual’s stress response. Moreover, mice are not ideal subjects for several experimental procedures. Therefore, to get more insight, we used a rather old mutant rat model: the AVP-deficient Brattleboro rat. The present short review is aimed at providing the most interesting results of these studies within the last 8 years that allowed gaining new insights in the potential signal function of AVP in stress and endocrine regulation.
A violência contra as mulheres atua como fator de risco e fator etiológico no desenvolvimento de patologias, principalmente transtornos psiquiátricos. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e ...descrever qualitativamente como a violência de gênero prejudicou a saúde de cinco mulheres. O estudo consistiu na abordagem descritiva e comparativa das narrativas das vítimas sobre os episódios de violência experimentado, bem como os sinais, sintomas e condição de saúde apresentada após as agressões sofridas. Foi identificado que a violência contra mulher influenciou negativamente na saúde das voluntárias entrevistadas, através de associações diretas e indiretas no desenvolvimento de doenças. As entrevistadas manifestaram injúrias agudas e crônicas, com destaque para os transtornos depressivos e ansiosos. Portanto, foi concluído que o enfrentamento da violência contra mulher deve ser compreendido como medida de prevenção de doenças, promoção de saúde e qualidade de vida.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
499.
Helicobacter pylori colonisation and eczema Herbarth, Olf; Bauer, Mario; Fritz, Gisela J ...
Journal of epidemiology and community health,
07/2007, Letnik:
61, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The hygiene hypothesis postulates that the increase in atopic diseases may in part be due to diminished exposure to microorganisms. But it is unknown which type of infection does render protection. ...An epidemiological study was conducted in Leipzig, Germany, and its rural county, involving 3347 school starters. Two types of infection were considered: (1) gastrointestinal colonisation (Helicobacter pylori detection using in vivo 13C urea breath test) and (2) respiratory infections (physician-diagnosed lower (bronchitis) and upper (common cold) respiratory infections). H pylori colonisation was selected because it is very common and plays an important role in gastrointestinal disorders. Atopic eczema was selected as the (allergic) target variable because of its high frequency in the age of the study participants. The results, adjusted for relevant confounders, showed a significant inverse association between H pylori infection and eczema (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.31, p = 0.006) in children not predisposed to atopy. In contrast, bronchitis increased the risk of eczema (aOR = 1.98, p<0.001). Bacterial digestive tract colonisation (infection) seems to protect against eczema in comparison with the effect of respiratory tract infections. The hygiene hypothesis may be better explained when gastrointestinal and respiratory infections are subtly differentiated.
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