During COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have had high workload and have been exposed to multiple psychosocial stressors. The aim of this study was to evaluate HCWs in terms of the ...relative contributions of socio-demographic and mental health variables on three burnout dimensions: personal, work-related, and client-related burnout.
A cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire spread via social networks. A snowball technique supported by health care institutions and professional organizations was applied.
A total of 2008 subjects completed the survey. Gender, parental status, marriage status, and salary reduction were found to be significant factors for personal burnout. Health problems and direct contact with infected people were significantly associated with more susceptibility to high personal and work-related burnout. Frontline working positions were associated with all three dimensions. Higher levels of stress and depression in HCWs were significantly associated with increased levels of all burnout dimensions. Higher levels of satisfaction with life and resilience were significantly associated with lower levels of all burnout dimensions.
All three burnout dimensions were associated with a specific set of covariates. Consideration of these three dimensions is important when designing future burnout prevention programs for HCWs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background Stigmatising attitudes among healthcare professionals can hinder access to healthcare, making it important to address this issue. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of stigma ...related to mental illness among Portuguese healthcare professionals and to compare the results among mental health professionals, General Practitioners (GPs) and other health professionals. Methods An online cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Portugal using Google Forms® to collect data. The data collection process lasted five months, from September 2023 to January 2024. Participants were recruited from various professional associations and Health Centre Groups, through a purposive sampling. The study used the Portuguese version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC) to measure stigma which assesses three dimensions: attitudes towards disclosure and help-seeking, attitudes towards people with mental illness, and attitudes towards social distance. Results A total of 292 healthcare professionals participated in the study. In Portugal, healthcare professionals displayed low to moderate levels of stigma towards mental illness (M = 22.17, SD = 5.41). Mental health professionals demonstrated significantly lower levels of stigma (M=20.37, SD=5.37) compared to other healthcare professionals (M=24.15, SD=4.71), including GPs (M=23.97, SD=5.03). Additionally, having a close friend or relative with mental illness seemed to be related with lower levels of stigma for the dimension attitudes towards social distance (M=6.93, SD=2.50), compared to not having one (M=7.60, SD=2.56). On the other hand, a personal history of mental illness indicated higher levels of stigma for the dimension disclosure and help-seeking (M=8.95, SD=3.07), compared to having no history of mental illness (M=8.16, SD=2.67). Conclusion This study indicates that Portuguese healthcare professionals have stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness, although at low to moderate levels. Training and frequent interaction with people with mental illness seem to be associated with lower levels of stigma. Personal experience of mental illness seems to follow the opposite path regarding disclosure and seeking help. Thus, further research is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-stigma measures and deepen the study of the concept of self-stigma in healthcare professionals.
A growing number of countries have legalized the process of hastening death. At a time when laws decriminalizing hastened death have been passed in the Portuguese Parliament, the development of ...research related with decision making regarding this issue is of crucial importance. This study seeks to evaluate, in a sample of Portuguese doctors, whether the presentation of clinical vignettes changes the agreement with the practice of hastened death compared with general scenarios.
A questionnaire was distributed among academic physicians from medical schools across Portugal to assess their level of agreement or disagreement with the practice of hastened death. The questionnaire included eight standard cases and eight clinical vignettes framed under conditions defined by law for the practice of hastened death. Differences were analyzed using the t-Student test for paired samples.
There were statistically significant differences in five scenarios (t = 3.46; p < 0.05; t = 2.47; p < 0.05; t = 4.28; p < 0.05; t = 3.38; p < 0.05; t = 3.66; p < 0.05) with greater agreement concerning the clinical vignettes. The highest acceptance was found in the requests made by adults with terminal and incurable illnesses.
Agreement increased when the clinical vignette was presented in comparison with the respective standard for most of the cases of hastened death presented.
Background. Rationality, emotions, and intuition all seem to underlie the decision-making process. In a profession such as psychology, it is crucial to improve the rational dimension of decision ...making. Ethical reasoning can be compared to moral decision-making, but it is also linked to professional judgment. In psychology and other professions, ethical reasoning seems to be the basis for the development of professional skills. Objective. Present and discuss the role that rationality, emotions, and intuition can play in people’s decision making, especially in the feld of psychological intervention. Design. A theoretical perspective is presented which takes into account the relevant literature in the feld. Results. We support the idea of fve fundamental preconditions for ethical reasoning: self-knowledge, excellent training, experience or supervision, humility, and intervision. We recommend that psychologists meet these conditions in their professional decision making in order to promote the best quality of professional practice. Conclusion. We can say that ethical reasoning is a professional moral decision. As professionals, we are primarily intuitive in our decision making, which is why we make decisions almost automatically; but our decisions are based on our professional experience. Psychologists should refect on and understand the processes involved in decision making in order to avoid conclusions based on their personal experiences.
La identidad de la Psicología en Argentina Pozzo, María Isabel; Rosso, Florencia; Marina, Sílvia ...
Psicodebate : revista de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Palermo,
12/2022, Letnik:
22, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Este artículo explora las percepciones de psicólogos argentinos sobre el objetivo y las tareas exclusivas de la intervención psicológica, sumado a las actividades compartidas con profesionales que no ...son psicólogos. El objetivo de este análisis es revelar si los psicólogos comparten una posición clara respecto a este tema. El desarrollo profesional de este campo demanda una actitud introspectiva hacia las actuales prácticas psicológicas, lo que permitirá establecer directrices precisas y sostener una identidad profesional de la Psicología. La investigación se justifica en la importancia de construir una identidad fuerte que promueva la confianza del público en general en los psicólogos. Con este fin, se utilizó un cuestionario con tres preguntas abiertas, seguido por un análisis temático de contenido. Los resultados evidencian respuestas variables por parte de los psicólogos ante las preguntas bajo estudio. Finalmente, se concluye que existe una falta de consenso en la definición de un objetivo exclusivo para la intervención psicológica.
Stigma toward mental illness significantly contributes to a lower quality of healthcare that can be provided. There are few studies on this topic in Portugal, so validating a scale that can evaluate ...and study the stigma is paramount. The aim of this study was to validate the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Portuguese healthcare professionals.
A total of 503 participants were included in this study, and the majority was female (81.1%). The sample consisted mainly of psychologists (39.4%) and physicians (30.8%). Reliability and validity analyses were conducted and included exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
Our results suggest that a 12-item model was the most appropriate (RMSEA = 0.026, SRMR = 0.057, CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.973, GFI = 0.955) compared to our 15-item model and the original model. Items 8, 9 and 10 were removed. The 12-item scale's internal consistency was adequate (α = 0.71; ω = 0.72).
The 12-item model of the scale showed good reliability and validity and is appropriate for use with Portuguese healthcare professionals.
The National School Health Program in Portugal advocates for healthy lifestyles. However, school health teams mostly focus their activities on educating children, whereas it is the families who are ...primarily responsible for managing children's lifestyles. Although the programme proposes interactive health education activities, such as meetings with the children's families, few parents participate in these activities. The project Gostar de Mim was created to bridge this gap by promoting healthy family lifestyles in school settings. The project used an evaluating instrument called the ‘Parents’ Booklet’ packed with information. This study assessed the usefulness of the booklet in providing health information and planning family engagement. Based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED framework (PRECEDE: Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation; PROCEED: Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development), this article focuses on the social and epidemiological assessment phases. We examined the health surveillance status of children aged 6–10 years (epidemiological phase) and description of health behaviours in different lifestyle dimensions (behavioural and environmental phase). The Parents' Booklet was used to identify parents' perspectives on their children's lifestyles. Data analysis of 568 Parents' Booklet (23 schools) use cases showed that the lifestyle priorities, in order, were ‘sleep and rest’ (95.6 %), ‘energy balance’ (100 %), ‘oral/body healthcare’ (95.6 %), ‘alcohol, tobacco/other drugs’ (73.9 %), ‘consumerism’ (91.3 %), ‘leisure-time occupation’ (91.3 %), and ‘literacy and satisfaction at school’ (86.9 %). Clearly, the Parents' Booklet was useful, as it made it possible to obtain information that allowed for participatory school health diagnosis and can guide community nursing actions that need to be developed in schools. Crucially, this tool can be useful for parents, enabling them to be more aware of their children's lifestyle via self-monitoring as well as increasing their participation in health education.
•Knowing parents' perceptions about their children's lifestyles in school settings is important for targeting health promotion strategies.
Conscientious objection (CO) in the context of health care arises when a health care professional (HCP) refuses to participate in a certain procedure because it is not compatible with their ethical ...or moral principles. Refusal to treat in health care includes, in addition to CO, other factors that may lead the HCP not to want to participate in a certain procedure. Therefore, we can say that CO is a form of refusal of treatment based on conscience. Hastened death has become an increasingly reality around the world, being a procedure in which not all HCPs are willing to participate. There are several factors that can condition the HCPs' refusal to treat in this scenario.
With the aim of identifying these factors, we performed a systematic review, following the PRISMA guidelines. On 1 October 2022, we searched for relevant articles on Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases.
From an initial search of 693 articles, 12 were included in the final analysis. Several motivations that condition refusal to treat were identified, including legal, technical, social, and CO. Three main motivations for CO were also identified, namely religious, moral/secular, and emotional/psychological motivations.
We must adopt an understanding approach respecting the position of each HCP, avoiding judgmental and discriminatory positions, although we must ensure also that patients have access to care. The identification of these motivations may permit solutions that, while protecting the HCPS' position, may also mitigate potential problems concerning patients' access to this type of procedure.
Professional identity is formed by combination of several aspects, including professional practice, which for psychologists relates to psychological intervention and performed functions. The ...exclusive goal of psychological intervention and exclusively performed functions of psychologists are an important research subjects because more and more practicing professionals are performing activities linked to psychological intervention. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the exclusive goal of psychological intervention and exclusively performed functions of Latvian psychologists. Data was collected through an online survey developed in the framework of the international project “The Identity of Psychology” 1. Three open-answer questions were used. Sample consisted of 54 Latvian psychologists of which 91% were women (
n
= 49) and 9 % were men (
n
= 5) aged from 25 to 60 years (
M
= 44.94; SD = 8.98). Data was analysed using thematic categorical content analysis. Findings indicate clear diversity in the opinion about the professional practice among Latvian psychologists. The results of this study indicate limited agreement and comprehension of Latvian psychologists about their professional practice which leads to necessity for further research to investigate the causes of such outcome to determine solutions on how to strengthen their professional practice and, more broadly, professional identity.
Awareness of ethics codes and professional guidelines is crucial to a professional role in psycho-therapy practice. Psychotherapy practice is increasingly heterogeneous, and there is much dis-cussion ...about their effectiveness for clients. In some countries, psychotherapy is an autono-mous profession. In others, is part of the professional features of psychologists and psychia-trists, and it is possible to find other health professionals working as psychotherapists in some countries. Considering that ethical principles are central to the performance of a profession, we intend to find connections between the ethical principles for psychotherapists and psy-chologists or psychiatrists. A critical review was done to promote an integrative vision of ethics codes in psychotherapy. Content analysis of the ethics codes in psychotherapy was per-formed.Confidentiality, competence, and integrity were the principles more frequentlyfound. Psychotherapists seem to have amajorconcern with interpersonal relationshipsand are less linked to social responsibility
El conocimiento de los códigos éticos y las directrices profesionales es crucial para desempeñar un papel profesional en la práctica de la psicoterapia. La práctica de la psicoterapia es cada vez más heterogénea y se discute mucho sobre su eficacia para los clientes. En algunos países, la psicoterapia es una profesión autónoma. En otros forma parte de las características profesionales de psicólogos y psiquiatras, y es posible encontrar a otros profesionales de la salud trabajando como psicoterapeutas en algunos países. Considerando que los principios éticos son centrales para el desempeño de una profesión, pretendemos encontrar conexiones entre los principios éticos para psicoterapeutas y psicólogos o psiquiatras. Se realizó una revisión crítica para promover una visión integradora de los códigos de ética en psicoterapia. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de los códigos de ética en psicoterapia. La confidencialidad, la competencia y la integridad fueron los principios más frecuentemente encontrados. Los psicoterapeutas parecen tener una mayor preocupación por las relaciones interpersonales y están me-nos vinculados a la responsabilidad social
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