We present a lattice QCD calculation of the up, down, strange and charm quark masses performed using the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with Nf=2+1+1 ...dynamical quarks, which include in the sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and charm quarks with masses close to their physical values. The simulations are based on a unitary setup for the two light quarks and on a mixed action approach for the strange and charm quarks. The analysis uses data at three values of the lattice spacing and pion masses in the range 210–450 MeV, allowing for accurate continuum limit and controlled chiral extrapolation. The quark mass renormalization is carried out non-perturbatively using the RI′-MOM method. The results for the quark masses converted to the MS¯ scheme are: mud(2 GeV)=3.70(17) MeV, ms(2 GeV)=99.6(4.3) MeV and mc(mc)=1.348(46) GeV. We obtain also the quark mass ratios ms/mud=26.66(32) and mc/ms=11.62(16). By studying the mass splitting between the neutral and charged kaons and using available lattice results for the electromagnetic contributions, we evaluate mu/md=0.470(56), leading to mu=2.36(24) MeV and md=5.03(26) MeV.
Perception is relational: object properties are perceived in comparison to the spatiotemporal context rather than absolutely. This principle predicts well known contrast effects: For instance, the ...same sphere will feel smaller after feeling a larger sphere and larger after feeling a smaller sphere (the Uznadze effect). In a series of experiments, we used a visual version of the Uznadze effect to test whether such contrast effects can be modulated by organizational factors, such as the similarity between the contrasting inducer stimulus and the contrasted induced stimulus. We report that this is indeed the case: size contrast is attenuated for inducer-inducing pairs having different 3D shapes, orientations, and even – surprisingly – color and lightness, in comparison to equivalent conditions where these features are the same. These findings complement related work in revealing basic mechanisms for fine-tuning local interactions in space-time in accord to the global stimulus context.
•using the visual Uznadze effect we tested whether size contrast is modulated by organizational factors, such as similarity•we show that the effect is attenuated in stimulus pairs that differ in color in shape, orientation, color, and lightness•these findings revealing basic mechanisms for fine-tuning local interactions in space-time in accord to the global context
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and a behavioral paradigm were used to assess whether listening to action-related sentences modulates the activity of the motor system. By means of ...single-pulse TMS, either the hand or the foot/leg motor area in the left hemisphere was stimulated in distinct experimental sessions, while participants were listening to sentences expressing hand and foot actions. Listening to abstract content sentences served as a control. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from hand and foot muscles. Results showed that MEPs recorded from hand muscles were specifically modulated by listening to hand-action-related sentences, as were MEPs recorded from foot muscles by listening to foot-action-related sentences. This modulation consisted of an amplitude decrease of the recorded MEPs. In the behavioral task, participants had to respond with the hand or the foot while listening to actions expressing hand and foot actions, as compared to abstract sentences. Coherently with the results obtained with TMS, when the response was given with the hand, reaction times were slower during listening to hand-action-related sentences, while when the response was given with the foot, reaction times were slower during listening to foot-action-related sentences. The present data show that processing verbally presented actions activates different sectors of the motor system, depending on the effector used in the listened-to action.
We present a determination of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix elements
|
V
cd
|
and
|
V
cs
|
obtained by combining the momentum dependence of the semileptonic vector form factors
f
+
D
→
π
(
q
2
...)
and
f
+
D
→
K
(
q
2
)
, recently determined from lattice QCD simulations, with the differential rates measured for the semileptonic
D
→
π
ℓ
ν
and
D
→
K
ℓ
ν
decays. Our analysis is based on the results for the semileptonic form factors produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with
N
f
=
2
+
1
+
1
flavors of dynamical quarks in the whole range of values of the squared 4-momentum transfer accessible in the experiments. The statistical and systematic correlations between the lattice data as well as those present in the experimental data are properly taken into account. With respect to the standard procedure based on the use of only the vector form factor at zero 4-momentum transfer, we obtain more precise and consistent results:
|
V
cd
|
=
0.2341
(
74
)
and
|
V
cs
|
=
0.970
(
33
)
. The second-row CKM unitarity is fulfilled within the current uncertainties:
|
V
cd
|
2
+
|
V
cs
|
2
+
|
V
cb
|
2
=
0.996
(
64
)
. Moreover, using for the first time hadronic inputs determined from first principles, we have calculated the ratio of the semileptonic
D
→
π
(
K
)
decay rates into muons and electrons, which represent a test of lepton universality within the SM, obtaining in the isospin-symmetric limit of QCD:
R
LU
D
π
=
0.985
(
2
)
and
R
LU
DK
=
0.975
(
1
)
.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements Formula omitted and Formula omitted obtained by combining the momentum dependence of the semileptonic vector form factors ...Formula omitted and Formula omitted, recently determined from lattice QCD simulations, with the differential rates measured for the semileptonic Formula omitted and Formula omitted decays. Our analysis is based on the results for the semileptonic form factors produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with Formula omitted flavors of dynamical quarks in the whole range of values of the squared 4-momentum transfer accessible in the experiments. The statistical and systematic correlations between the lattice data as well as those present in the experimental data are properly taken into account. With respect to the standard procedure based on the use of only the vector form factor at zero 4-momentum transfer, we obtain more precise and consistent results: Formula omitted and Formula omitted. The second-row CKM unitarity is fulfilled within the current uncertainties: Formula omitted. Moreover, using for the first time hadronic inputs determined from first principles, we have calculated the ratio of the semileptonic Formula omitted decay rates into muons and electrons, which represent a test of lepton universality within the SM, obtaining in the isospin-symmetric limit of QCD: Formula omitted and Formula omitted.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract We present a determination of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix elements $$|V_{cd}|$$ |Vcd| and $$|V_{cs}|$$ |Vcs| obtained by combining the momentum dependence of the semileptonic vector ...form factors $$f_+^{D \rightarrow \pi }(q^2)$$ f+D→π(q2) and $$f_+^{D \rightarrow K}(q^2)$$ f+D→K(q2) , recently determined from lattice QCD simulations, with the differential rates measured for the semileptonic $$D \rightarrow \pi \ell \nu $$ D→πℓν and $$D \rightarrow K \ell \nu $$ D→Kℓν decays. Our analysis is based on the results for the semileptonic form factors produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with $$N_f = 2 + 1 + 1$$ Nf=2+1+1 flavors of dynamical quarks in the whole range of values of the squared 4-momentum transfer accessible in the experiments. The statistical and systematic correlations between the lattice data as well as those present in the experimental data are properly taken into account. With respect to the standard procedure based on the use of only the vector form factor at zero 4-momentum transfer, we obtain more precise and consistent results: $$|V_{cd} |= 0.2341 ~ (74)$$ |Vcd|=0.2341(74) and $$|V_{cs} |= 0.970 ~ (33)$$ |Vcs|=0.970(33) . The second-row CKM unitarity is fulfilled within the current uncertainties: $$|V_{cd}|^2 + |V_{cs}|^2 + |V_{cb}|^2 = 0.996 ~ (64)$$ |Vcd|2+|Vcs|2+|Vcb|2=0.996(64) . Moreover, using for the first time hadronic inputs determined from first principles, we have calculated the ratio of the semileptonic $$D \rightarrow \pi (K)$$ D→π(K) decay rates into muons and electrons, which represent a test of lepton universality within the SM, obtaining in the isospin-symmetric limit of QCD: $$\mathcal{{R}}_{LU}^{D\pi } = 0.985~(2)$$ RLUDπ=0.985(2) and $$\mathcal{{R}}_{LU}^{DK} = 0.975~(1)$$ RLUDK=0.975(1) .
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present a determination of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix elements |Vcd| and |Vcs| obtained by combining the momentum dependence of the semileptonic vector form factors f+D→π(q2) and ...f+D→K(q2), recently determined from lattice QCD simulations, with the differential rates measured for the semileptonic D→πℓν and D→Kℓν decays. Our analysis is based on the results for the semileptonic form factors produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration with Nf=2+1+1 flavors of dynamical quarks in the whole range of values of the squared 4-momentum transfer accessible in the experiments. The statistical and systematic correlations between the lattice data as well as those present in the experimental data are properly taken into account. With respect to the standard procedure based on the use of only the vector form factor at zero 4-momentum transfer, we obtain more precise and consistent results: |Vcd|=0.2341(74) and |Vcs|=0.970(33). The second-row CKM unitarity is fulfilled within the current uncertainties: |Vcd|2+|Vcs|2+|Vcb|2=0.996(64). Moreover, using for the first time hadronic inputs determined from first principles, we have calculated the ratio of the semileptonic D→π(K) decay rates into muons and electrons, which represent a test of lepton universality within the SM, obtaining in the isospin-symmetric limit of QCD: RLUDπ=0.985(2) and RLUDK=0.975(1).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
