Performance terms measure how close an irrigation event is to an ideal one. An ideal or a reference irrigation is one that can apply the right amount of water over the entire region of interest ...(subject region) without loss. The key phrase, used in the description of a reference irrigation, has been used as the criterion for identifying the performance terms that constitute a complete set, corresponding to any given irrigation regime. Indices have been defined to quantify the performance terms. The interrelationship between performance indices as well as the relationship between each index and the system variables have been explored. The repercussions of those observations on system design and management have been discussed.
Background: COVID-19, a global health crisis of the 21st century, has threatened possibly every aspect of human life. Since the pandemic is not yet over, this study was carried out among ...undergraduate students of a medical institute in Nepal to assess and boost their KAP status on the disease.
Material and methods: It was an online cross-sectional census survey performed among consenting undergraduate healthcare students of BPKIHS. A self-made and validated questionnaire assessing KAP on COVID-19 was prepared in Google form and distributed online among target students. The study population was 745. Both descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was performed. Student’s T-Test and one-way ANOVA were applied for which level of statistical significance was kept at p<0.05.
Results: Ninety-six students participated in a pilot-study (Cronbach α= 0.792). The response rate was 76.27%. Most participants (76.76%) were from Nepal. The male/female ratio was 0.76. Most (59.2%) had not participated in such studies before. For 93.54%, the source of information was the internet. Assessed by questionnaire, right Knowledge (n=16) was 85.06% ± 8.81%; right Attitude (n=6) was 65.00% ± 16.16 and right Practice (n=6) was 82.88%± 8.50%. Male were more knowledgeable about the disease (p=0.011). However, females secured higher in practical aspects (p=0.000). Indian students possessed better knowledge (p=0.005) and a better attitude (p=0.033). MBBS students had better knowledge (p=0.000), but Nursing students secured higher in Practice (p=0.012). Attitude is better in the earlier years (p=0.045).
Conclusion: We assessed KAP related to COVID-19 via score among healthcare undergraduate students. Different co-factors do impact students’ overall KAP status.
Nepal is prone to various disasters like earthquake, landslide, debris flow, flood, and glacier lake outburst flood (GLOF). In the last 23 years natural disasters have caused tremendous losses of ...lives and property. The disasters have brought about the average loss of about 6% of the annual development expenditure of the government. Their frequency is also increasing due to a high rate of population growth and multiple human activities. Disasters disturb the normal life and social system, degrade the environment, and aggravate the poverty and eco-system in the affected areas. Both natural and anthropogenic disasters are deteriorating the natural environment mostly in the urban areas of Nepal. Since there is no effective forecasting and early warning system for such disasters there will be no time for the vulnerable people to save from possible disaster by taking themselves in safe places. Previously the Nepal government put its efforts mainly on post-disaster activities like rescue, relief, and rehabilitation. Only after the 1985 Dig Tso GLOF, 1988 earthquake in eastern Nepal, and 1993 flood and landslide disaster in central Nepal, people realised the importance of pre-disaster preparedness. For the preparedness and mitigation of hazards, geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological information and hazard maps are extremely important. Consequently, the Department of Mines and Geology is publishing the engineering and environmental geological maps of urban areas, which are quite helpful for infrastructural planning, disaster management, and environmental protection.
Teaching the concepts and fundamentals of hydrology and hydrogeology, particularly to undergraduates who have limited field experience, presents a challenge. Many innovations from working models to ...computer simulations have been used to improve visualization of the subject and to add a practical applied component to training. Recently, as a result of a partnership with private firms, two monitoring wells were completed on the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay campus to augment several previously installed porous-cup lysimeters. These enabled a graduate student to sample vadose and ground and surface water from a variety of streams, ponds, and seeps and to characterize the surface and subsurface water resources of the 700-acre campus. The investigation revealed a number of relationships such as the high sulfate concentrations in one of the monitoring wells, elevated concentrations of chloride in several surface water bodies, and an unexpectedly low concentration of ions in a pond on the campus golf course.
The results of the study, and the convenient sampling sites available on the campus, are being used to strengthen the science curriculum. Students now have opportunities to obtain practical experience with water-quality sampling and analysis instruments and to improve their applied technical skills. They may also develop an appreciation of the difficulties involved with field sampling and measurement, and an understanding of the importance of proper handling of samples and accountability issues of sample collection and analysis.
This article provides a detailed analysis of message and production values used by government health agencies and television networks in 33 countries to create HIV AIDSrelated Public Service ...Announcements (PSAs). Although the first half of the article examines message factors in 317 PSAs, the second half presents a correlational analysis linking message factors to country characteristics such as level of social vulnerability, gross national product, human freedom, and female status.
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