A possible method to reconstruct μSR spectra using Monte Carlo approach presented. Three issues carefully addressed for the simulations, that is automatic muon sites estimations, movement of muon due ...to gradient electrostatic potential and thermal fluctuation. All minima within the unit cell need to be included for more realistic theoretical μSR spectra. The optimum scale of gradient potential and thermal fluctuation needed to achieve a realistic result. Additional μSR spectra can be revealed in comparison with the simulation at lower thermal fluctuation.
A modified dipole field equation proposed to reconstruct the μSR spectrum theoretically. Gaussian interaction weight added in dipole field calculation to investigate the effective interaction range ...between muon and its surrounding spin. The width of Gaussian interaction weight traced until the theoretical spectrum fit the data. The theoretical spectrum limited only to minima within the unit cell. By using the interaction weight the main peak spectrum can be reproduced without having a contradiction with the magnetic moment measured from neutron. Effective interaction between muon and surrounding spin estimated to be around which is relatively small.
Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well-known calcium phosphate ingredient comparable to human bone tissue. HA has exciting applications in many fields, especially biomedical applications, such as drug ...delivery, osteogenesis, and dental implants. Unfortunately, hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials are synthesized by conventional methods using reagents that are not environmentally friendly and are expensive. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to establish a simple, efficient, and green method to form nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) biofunctional materials with significant biocompatibility, bioactivity, and mechanical strength. Several types of biowaste have proven to be a source of calcium in forming HA, including using chicken eggshells, fish bones, and beef bones. This systematic literature review discusses the possibility of replacing synthetic chemical reagents, synthetic pathways, and toxic capping agents with a green template to synthesize NHA. This review also shed insight on the simple green manufacture of NHA with controlled shape and size.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been mostly used as a counter electrode to give a high performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Recently, PEDOT doped by ...carrageenan, namely PEDOT:Carrageenan, was introduced as a new material to be applied on DSSC as an electrolyte. PEDOT:Carrageenan has a similar synthesis process as PEDOT:PSS, owing to their similar ester sulphate (-SO
H) groups in both PSS and carrageenan. This review provides an overview of the different roles between PEDOT:PSS as a counter electrode and PEDOT:Carrageenan as an electrolyte for DSSC applications. The synthesis process and characteristics of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:Carrageenan were also described in this review. In conclusion, we found that the primary role of PEDOT:PSS as a counter electrode is to transfer electrons back to cell and accelerate redox reaction with its superior electrical conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity. PEDOT:Carrageenan as an electrolyte has not shown the main role for regenerating the dye sensitized at the oxidized state, probably due to its low ionic conductivity. Therefore, PEDOT:Carrageenan still obtained a low performance of DSSC. Additionally, the future perspective and challenges of using PEDOT:Carrageenan as both electrolyte and counter electrode are described in detail.
A systematic study of the substitution effect of Co and Al on ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy and using a superconducting quantum ...interference device magnetometer to study their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties. Zn1−xMxO (M = Co, Al) at different doping concentrations was prepared using a hydrothermal technique. The XRD results with structural Rietveld refinement reveal that the major phase of all samples had a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure with a P63mc space group. Hysteresis loops with no magnetic saturation at high fields were analyzed at 2 K in all samples. Zero magnetic remanence and zero coercivity were also examined. The results demonstrated that the magnetic ground state at 2 K in all samples was magnetism with the coexistence of antiferromagnetic, ferromagnetic, and superparamagnetic phases. This behavior persisted at 100 and 300 K in the Al-doped sample, while Co-doped ones exhibited a paramagnetic state only. The role of non-magnetic doping, which leads to the appearance of magnetism in ZnO nanoparticles persisting at high temperatures, is discussed herein.
Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from International Conference on Magnetism and Its Application 2019 (ICMIA 2019)Selected, peer-reviewed papers from the International Conference on Magnetism ...and Its Application 2019 (ICMIA 2019), November 20-21, 2019, Surakarta, Indonesia.
The quality of biomaterial of Lemna sp. as functional material for fish feed has been improved by solid substrate fermentation method. The fermentation was performed by using 5% commercial probiotic. ...The content of nutrition, size and diameter particle, and functional group of Lemna sp before and after fermentation have been investigated. After fermentation, it is found that the crude protein increased from 13.22% to 18.64% and crude fiber content decreased from 20.08% to 12.45%. The average size particle and distance between particles of fermented Lemna sp meal were 193.534 μm and 573.955 μm, respectively. While the functional group did not change after fermentation, the present result indicated that fermentation process can improve the quality of biomaterial of Lemna sp as functional material for fish feed.
Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 5th International Conference on Functional Materials Science (5th ICFMS 2020)Selected, peer-reviewed papers from the 5th International Conference on ...Functional Materials Science (5th ICFMS 2020), November 11-12, 2020, Bali, Indonesia.
The magnetic properties and relaxation time of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and their encapsulation with silicon dioxide (Fe3O4-SiO2), have been successfully investigated by analyzing the temperature ...dependence of magnetization (M(T)) and the time dependence of magnetization (M(t)), using the SQUID magnetometer measurement. The M(T) measurement results can determine the magnetic parameters and magnetic irreversibility of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-SiO2 samples. The values of Curie constant (C), effective magnetic moment (μeff), and Weiss temperature (θP) are 4.2 (emu.K.Oe/mol), 5.77 μB, and −349 K, respectively, for the Fe3O4 samples, and 81.3 (emu.K.Oe/mol), 25.49 μB, and −2440 K, respectively, for the Fe3O4-SiO2 samples. After encapsulation, the broadening peak deviation decreased from 281.6 K to 279 K, indicating that the superparamagnetic interactions increased with the encapsulation process. The magnetic parameters and irreversibility values showed that the superparamagnetic properties increased significantly after encapsulation (Fe3O4-SiO2). From the results of the M(t) measurement, it was found that there was a decrease in the magnetic relaxation time after the encapsulation process, which indicated that the distribution of the nanoparticle size and anisotropy energy increased.
Objectives. This study aimed to determine the influence of coating material thickness on the attraction force of dental magnetic attachment (DMA). Materials and Methods. An in vitro experimental ...design was implemented using DMA as samples coated with different material types including polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and glass ionomer varnish. DMA consists of keeper and assembly. The coating material was applied to DMA in two ways, on the assembly only and both the keeper and assembly. The thickness of each coated DMA was measured with a digital micrometer, and analysis was subsequently conducted with a universal testing machine to evaluate potential alterations in magnetic attraction force. Comparison was made between the attraction force of both the coated and uncoated DMA serving as a control specimen. Result. The thickness of the coating material applied to both the keeper and assembly was 25 μm, while PTFE and varnish coating on the assembly alone was estimated as 12 and 10 μm, respectively. The magnetic attraction force of the uncoated DMA was 613.63 gf. Following coating, the magnetic attraction force decreased by 34.02–79.45 gf. The ANOVA test indicated that the decrease in magnetic attraction observed across both types of coating material and technique did not show significant differences. Conclusion. The thickness and type of coating material had no significant effect on magnetic attraction.
