Examining the case of Lithuania, this study comparatively analyzed five perennial grass–legume mixtures in terms of biomethane production. Every mixture was divided into two parts: long (during the ...fifth year or beyond) and short (during the first four years) time periods. The analysis includes three types of perennial bell grass: Timothy, P. Ryegrass, C. Cocksfoot, and one legume grass Red clover. With this study, we aimed to evaluate how perennial grass–legume mixtures can promote biomethane uptake in Lithuania. Through analyzing the efficiency and consequences of government subsidy measures, this study aimed to address the question of how governmental assistance can promote the growth of the biomethane industry, specifically focusing on the utilization of perennial grass–legume mixtures. This study used seven financial indicators, including subsiding policy, in order to gain a deeper understanding of mixtures for biomethane production. The analysis revealed that the best mixtures for biomethane production with subsidies were the second (Red clover 35 % + Timothy 45 % + Ryegrass 20 % grass mixture) and fourth scenarios (Red clover 55 % + Ryegrass 45 % grass mixture). The first (Red clover 35 %. + Timothy 25 % + Ryegrass 20 % + Cocksfoot 20 % grass mixture), third (Red clover 55 % + Timothy 45 % grass mixture), and fifth scenarios (Red clover 55 % + Cocksfoot 45 % grass mixture) had the smallest positive effects. The results showed that, in Lithuania, in order to encourage farmers to produce biomethane, subsidy policies are needed. Incentives for engaging with this activity are necessary, as the income earned does not cover the costs incurred; unfortunately, biomethane production is unprofitable without subsidy. As such, our recommendation is to develop a long-term subsidy policy to promote biomethane production, focusing on the effectiveness, particularly in the Lithuanian context, of utilizing mixtures of perennial grasses. Further research and policy interventions are needed to address the opportunities associated with scaling synergy between perennial energy cops and environmental sustainability in bioenergy crop cultivation.
In recent decades, the importance of transport and logistics companies has increased considerably, especially for Lithuania, where this sector is on the rise and creating benefits for various users. ...Therefore, this study aims to analyse the economic–financial situation of transport and logistics companies operating in Lithuania, focusing mainly on their financial risk, probability of bankruptcy, and level of solvency. To achieve these results, 416 companies were analysed based on their data from 2022. The employed methodology included descriptive analysis, quartile ratio analysis, the use of Altman’s Z-score model to predict bankruptcy, and, finally, logistic regression analysis to answer the hypotheses. The results show that the companies analysed in this study were highly profitable, with a high level of solvency and liquidity that did not compromise their continuity in the market. These results were confirmed by the Z-score analysis. In addition, it was observed that the age and size of the companies did not affect their survival on the market. This study presents results that are of great interest for the academic literature, as well as for the management of logistics companies. The originality of the study lies in its relevance and timeliness, presenting robust results for different stakeholders, such as policymakers or new entrepreneurs, among others.
Disclosure of intangible assets has become an important factor for corporate performance. The problem is that the fair value of intangible assets is therefore still not fully disclosed. In order to ...measure the value of intangible assets, the article outlines how the determination of the structure of intangible assets, can be useful in companies as a means to better understand the management of business value. Therefore, in order to increase business value, companies and their managers need a better understanding of the measurement of the intangible asset structure and differences in the accounting rules for the evaluation of intangible assets. The main results indicated, that the general structure on the intangible assets has differences between financial and nonfinancial information that is not beneficial to an enterprise, as it loses the opportunity to disclose the true value of an intangible asset. An important aspect of this article is the establishment of a methodology for the structure of intangible assets, under which companies should reduce the lack of accounting information on intangible assets.
The article analyses the concept of fixed tangible assets and the process of accounting methodology. The main issues of accounting for fixed tangible assets are examined: methods of acquiring assets, ...initial recognition of assets, their assignment to an asset group, subsequent revaluation, and depreciation. The direct and indirect costs constituting the cost price of acquisition and production of fixed tangible assets are shown in detail. The results of the analysis revealed that the accounting of fixed tangible assets in the company complies with the provisions of the 12 Lithuanian financial reporting standards, but it is suggested to improve the methodology of determining the fair value of fixed tangible assets.
In accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account ...intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.
Biogas production plays an important role in the clean energy economy and is reducing the problems of the energy crisis. The main objective of the current study is to analyze environmental ...performance by using perennial energy crops in the agricultural sector. Perennial energy crops are neutral for carbon and can be used for electricity and heating, which may mitigate climate change as well. The purpose of this work was to investigate and compare the energy–economy effectiveness and environmental performance of the suitability of four perennial crops for biogas production. Environmental performance was analyzed using the method of the life cycle assessment. To identify the most environmentally sustainable perennial crops for biogas production, a comparative analysis was conducted on four different crops: Lucerne, Miscanthus, Switchgrass, and Reed canary grass. The results of the analysis showed that Lucerne and Miscanthus, during the first–sixth years period, have lower indirect energy input (from 15.2 to 3.2 GJ/ha and 15.6 to 3.2 GJ/ha) than Switchgrass (from 20.9 to 3.2 GJ/ha) and Reed canary grass (from 16.7 to 3.2 GJ/ha). However, the highest direct energy input was determined by Lucerne (from 15.7 to 1.6 GJ/ha), and Miscanthus (from 11.9 to 0.9 GJ/ha) compared to Switchgrass (from 7.4 to 1.8 GJ/ha) and Reed canary grass (from 8.1 to 1.6 GJ/ha). Additionally, the lowest result of the direct economy and indirect economy costs was determined by Lucerne (from 3.9 to 3.7 kEUR/ha (direct) and 9.9 to 2.1 kEUR/ha (indirect)) and by Miscanthus (from 2.4 to 4.9 kEUR/ha (direct) and 11.8 to 1.9 kEUR/ha (indirect)) compared to Switchgrass (5.9 to 5.7 kEUR/ha (direct) and 17.5 to 2.1 kEUR/ha (indirect)), and reed canary grass (from 5.3 to 4.9 kEUR/ha (direct) and 13.7 to 1.9 kEUR/ha (indirect), respectively. The assessment of environmental performance revealed that Reed canary grass and Miscanthus had a more pronounced impact on Acidification. In contrast, Lucerne and Switchgrass had a more significant impact on Eutrophication indicators. The crop cultivation of four perennial crops impacted the environment in various significant ways. Despite the varying environmental impacts of the four perennial crops, the analysis revealed that all of them have the potential to increase biogas production.
The paper studies the accounting of recognition of research and development costs as intangible assets of Lithuanian companies. This study aims to reveal the possibilities of recognizing research and ...development costs as intangible assets in accounting. The biggest problem arises when the company itself decides to create intangible assets. These costs must be classified as research and development costs in accordance with the requirements of international and business accounting standards. The emerging problems and uncertainties regarding the criteria for recognizing intangible assets are still not resolved. These assets are recognized only when the company can demonstrate future economic benefits, determine their value, and control them. The results of the study showed that companies have various types of research and development costs, but they are not considered suitable for recognition as intangible assets in the statement of financial position Keywords: research, development, intangible assets, accounting.
The paper studies how information about environmental on green accounting is included in the activities of Lithuania companies. The analysis of Lithuanian and foreign researchers has shown that the ...integration of green accounting into the traditional accounting system occupies an important place and is closely related to the development of sustainable business. Also, green accounting applied not only to transactions related to environmental questions but to disclosing financial and social information. The results of the study revealed the need to improve and implement a new green accounting system that ensures a safe and clean environment. The applied research will contribute to the formation of a green accounting policy in the companies. Keywords: green accounting, sustainable business, environmental protection, traditional financial accounting.
Paper is characterized by scientific novelty as it involves a very scarce research problem in Lithuanian‘s energy sector, assessing the impact of renewable energy resources on the energy economy. ...Renewable energy sources have a multiplier effect in spurring the economy and the development of not only the energy sector but also all the supporting activities related to such industry. The impact of the development of renewable energy is one of the factors that develop the quality of technology innovation development. This study includes the impact of renewable energy on the energy economy, using multiple linear regression models. The results of the study have shown that renewable energy resources: wind, sun, water, geothermal and biomass can not always be used together because they compete with each other and therefore reduce the efficiency of the energy economy. In this context, three combinations of renewable energy resources have been developed, which have been adapted to assess the impact of the energy economy on energy productivity and energy intensity. It has been found that the combination of resources of the second model (M2) RE is significant for the efficiency of the energy economy.Keywords: Renewable energy resources; Energy economy; Impact of efficiency
PDF
