The present research analyzes the effect of free education on access to higher education in Ecuador. It begins with a review of the literature on access and free education, and examines the main ...studies conducted on Ecuador. The empirical section is then developed using the data corresponding to the Urban and Rural Employment and Unemployment Survey (ENEMDUR) for 2007-2017, and Probit models are used to estimate the probability of access to higher education and its marginal effects. The main results are related to a positive effect of the free higher education on access at a general level, with emphasis on marginalized groups, although it has been affected by the additional measures associated with merit and quality.
Esta investigación identifica el efecto de la política pública implementada en 2008 por el Estado ecuatoriano referente a la democratización del acceso a la educación superior, entendida como un ...derecho que reduce las brechas que existen entre hombres y mujeres, etnias y quintiles; para ello, se parte de una metodología mixta, en la que, dentro del análisis cualitativo, se revisan los principales instrumentos legales que regulan la educación superior en Ecuador, y artículos seleccionados sobre la temática. En la metodología cuantitativa, se parte de los reportes del Sistema Nacional de Información (SNI) referentes a la tasa neta de matrícula en educación superior, administrado por la Secretaría Nacional de Planificación, para realizar un análisis descriptivo sobre su evolución a nivel de sexo, etnia y quintiles de ingreso. Entre los principales resultados, se determina que la política de gratuidad tuvo un efecto positivo en el acceso a la educación superior, para hombres, mujeres, afroecuatorianos e indígenas, y en los quintiles 1, 2 y 3, hasta el año 2011, evidenciando un incremento en la tasa neta de matrícula a nivel nacional, de 2007 a 2011, de 4,95 puntos porcentuales, hasta que entró en vigor la política de meritocracia, en 2012.
Variation in local environmental conditions can have pronounced effects on the population structure and dynamics of marine organisms. Previous studies on crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci, ...have primarily focused on effects of water quality and nutrient availability on larval growth and survival, while the role of maternal nutrition on reproduction and larval development has been overlooked. To examine the effects of maternal nutrition on oocyte size and early larval development in A. planci, we pre-conditioned females for 60 days on alternative diets of preferred coral prey (Acropora abrotanoides) versus non-preferred coral prey (Porites rus) and compared resulting gametes and progeny to those produced by females that were starved over the same period. Females fed ad libitum with Acropora increased in weight, produced heavier gonads and produced larger oocytes compared to Porites-fed and starved females. Fed starfish (regardless of whether it was Acropora or Porites) produced bigger larvae with larger stomachs and had a higher frequency of normal larvae that reached the late bipinnaria / early brachiolaria stage compared to starved starfish. Females on Acropora diet also produced a higher proportion of larvae that progressed to more advanced stages faster compared to Porites-fed starfish, which progressed faster than starved starfish. These results suggest that maternal provisioning can have important consequences for the quality and quantity of progeny. Because food quality (coral community structure) and quantity (coral abundance) varies widely among reef locations and habitats, local variation in maternal nutrition of A. planci is likely to moderate reproductive success and may explain temporal and spatial fluctuations in abundance of this species.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
El libro Gestión para organizaciones sociales de desarrollo de Eulalia Flor, editado en el año 2010, está compuesto por cuatro capítulos: i) Las organizaciones sociales en América Latina y la ...gerencia social; ii) Las organizaciones sociales y el enfoque sistémico; iii) Una propuesta de sistema de gestión social y, iv) Conclusiones y recomendaciones. La obra se enmarca dentro de la gerencia social y propone un modelo de gestión para las organizaciones sociales de desarrollo en su labor de mejorar el bienestar de la población.
A key strategy to reduce coral loss is the development of effective control method for the corallivorous crown‐of‐thorns sea star (Acanthaster planci), an omnipresent scourge and threat to the ...biodiversity of reefs in the Indo‐Pacific region. Limited genetic resources are available for this highly fecund species. In this study, we explored one aspect at the heart of A. planci outbreaks, the male reproductive system. Using high‐throughput sequencing technology, we report for first time the production of a comprehensive transcriptomic data set for the testes of A. placni that can aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in A. planci spermatogenesis and fertilization. Through de novo transcriptome sequencing, we produced 52 965 998 raw reads corresponding to 4.76 Gb clean read data. From this, 243 870 contigs were assembled with Trinity and used to construct 92 792 unigenes. Distinct genes were then annotated with blastx yielding 30 810 unigenes above the cut‐off E‐value set at 10−5, with ESTScan database query analyses yielding up to 5366 unigenes to known hits. The identification of genes directly involved in sperm development (DEAD‐box family proteins), motility, fertilization and signalling (Bindin/Speract receptor) are also discussed.
Objetivo. Identificar y analizar el papel de los profesionales de enfermería en el desarrollo y la atención de la salud adolescente en Honduras, por medio del análisis de los contenidos de la ...formación de los estudiantes de enfermería y de las políticas relacionadas con la salud de los adolescentes. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos, con enfoque explicativo secuencial, desarrollado de mayo a julio del 2023 por medio de encuesta con escuelas de enfermería, análisis de los documentos políticos, encuesta con profesionales de enfermería y grupo focal. Datos cuantitativos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y datos cualitativos analizados mediante el marco teórico de Walt y Gilson. Resultados. Durante la investigación, se analizaron 18 documentos y participaron siete escuelas de enfermería, 141 enfermeras y 10 actores clave en posición de liderazgo. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de actualizar y difundir el marco normativo, garantizar recursos y estructura para implementar programas intersectoriales y sostenibles, y capacitar a los profesionales. La escuela representa un espacio importante para la implementación de acciones, contexto en el que la adopción de la enfermera escolar puede ser provechosa. Las enfermeras fueron identificadas como protagonistas en la aplicación de los programas y deben ser consideradas en el desarrollo de políticas dirigidas a este público. Conclusiones. Las enfermeras participan en diversas etapas del proceso de implementación de políticas y pueden hacer importantes contribuciones a la salud escolar en el primer nivel de salud. Para ello, es necesario aumentar la capacidad de las enfermeras y docentes de enfermería en temas actuales y relevantes en la atención a los adolescentes.
Introducción. La duplicación del colédoco es una anomalía congénita poco frecuente. En la mayoría de los casos este defecto se asocia a cálculos en la vía biliar, unión pancreatobiliar anómala, ...pancreatitis, cáncer gástrico o colangiocarcinoma. Por esta razón, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano son importantes para evitar las complicaciones descritas a futuro.
Métodos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 30 años, con antecedente de pancreatitis aguda, con cuadro de dolor abdominal crónico, a quien se le realizaron varios estudios imagenológicos sin claro diagnóstico. Fue llevada a manejo quirúrgico en donde se documentó duplicación del colédoco tipo II con unión pancreatobiliar anómala.
Resultados. Se hizo reconstrucción de las vías biliares y hepatico-yeyunostomía, con adecuada evolución postoperatoria y reporte final de patología sin evidencia de tumor.
Conclusión. El diagnóstico se hace mediante ecografía endoscópica biliopancreática, colangiorresonancia o colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica. El tratamiento depende de si está asociado o no a la presencia de unión biliopancreática anómala o cáncer. Si el paciente no presenta patología neoplásica, el tratamiento quirúrgico recomendado es la resección del conducto con reconstrucción de las vías biliares.
The main objective of this article is to analyze the evolution of Ecuadorian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME), their contribution to the national economy, institutional framework, and ...internal operating characteristics. To this end, the focus is on companies related to the manufacturing sector in Ecuador. The main periods of the analysis are: i) the 1990s, ii) 2000-2008 and iii) 2009-2019; however, the decades of the 1970s and 1980s have been included in the first part of the article for their relevance. Literature review is the main data collection methodology, and the databases used are from official sources. Data from the Banco Central del Ecuador (BCE, Central Bank of Ecuador), the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (INEC, National Institute of Statistics and Census), regulations and research around the SME sector have been used.
The main findings are that SMEs are crucial within the Ecuadorian industrial fabric, because of its specialization in products that contribute to satisfying basic needs, but also because they provide parts and supplies to other companies. The quantitative contribution of SMEs, however, has been declining over time, both in number of establishments, staffing, and production, which reveals the increasing relevance of large industries. In this process, the institutional framework has had an influence in the evolution of SMEs, with certain strengths and weaknesses in terms of supporting the development of SMEs. In turn, in regards to internal operation, it becomes apparent that despite some improvement, there has not been significant progress during the period under analysis. In short, this work contributes to the larger discussion about the relevance of SMEs in Ecuador, their history, and whether there might be grounds for public policies to support their development.
•This paper proposes a cultural explanation of the configuration of public pensions.•Differences in intragenerational redistribution of public pensions are studied.•Societies with high uncertainty ...avoidance are associated with low redistribution.•Individualism and intragenerational redistribution are positively related.•The results have implications for reform proposals to public pensions.
This paper explores the determinants of public pension plan configurations. It is argued that the level of intragenerational redistribution in public pension plans is related to a country's cultural background. The level of intragenerational redistribution is measured by Krieger and Traub's Bismarckian factor. The countries’ cultural background is operationalized using cultural dimensions developed by Hofstede. The empirical results are in line with our hypotheses. Uncertainty avoidance appears to have a significant, positive association with the Bismarckian factor (low intragenerational redistribution in public pensions), whereas the relation with individualism is negative (high intragenerational redistribution). Moreover, a positive association is found between the Bismarckian factor and inflation shocks in the first half of the 20th century. While the sample size is limited, the results are robust to the inclusion of different economic, institutional, and demographic control variables as well as to using alternative model specifications. These findings have important public policy implications. We argue that pension reform proposals suggesting a transformation of public to private pension provision should consider the cultural background of countries.
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