Background
Despite significant advancements in closing the global gender gap, there is still much progress to be made, particularly in the field of science and scientific research. Numerous studies ...have addressed this issue and identified a variety of factors that contribute to gender asymmetries in research.
Methods
This study aimed to identify the determinants of gender gaps in scientific research present in the most cited studies of the past ten years as a first step towards closing these differences. Through a systematic literature review that incorporated the Proknow-C Knowledge Development Process and Constructivism methodology.
Results
The results lead us to identify four dimensions to classify the determinants of the gaps in scientific research: academic supply, research policies, scientific production and researcher profile with their respective quantitative or qualitative indicators.
Conclusions
As a potential basis for further modeling that offers greater analytical and correlational depth, as well as the identification of targeted strategies aimed at reducing gender gaps in research.
Objective
To determine gender gaps in Emeritus researchers in Colombia.
Methods
Oaxaca-Blinder-Kitakagwa decomposition model, correcting the sample selection bias with the inclusion of Mills' inverse ...ratio (Heckman's Lambda) through an ordered
probit model. Data: Information available in the ScienTI Platform - Colombia during the period 2015-2021.
Results
The results show that the gender gap between female and male researchers is 5.8%. To achieve Emeritus status, one must be over 65 years old, and the possibility of achieving Emeritus status is 5.1% higher for female researchers than for their male counterparts. These differences can be explained by the time constraints that female researchers face in being productive, as they spend more time than male researchers on caregiving responsibilities, either due to motherhood or the care of other dependent family members.
Conclusions
The results obtained allow us to affirm that there is a gender gap in scientific research in Colombia in the Emeritus research category in the calls for proposals for the period 2015-2021. Moreover, the existing gap cannot be explained by factors associated with attributes of education and academic productivity that are part of the regulatory requirements, insofar as not being explained by them, it evidences the existence of discrimination against women researchers to access the highest research category.
Este artículo explora la posibilidad de establecer un enfoque de análisis de la innovación social para comprender las respuestas y soluciones de los actores en escenarios con condiciones adversas que ...impiden el establecimiento de una visión de desarrollo conjunto entre las comunidades existentes en un territorio. Así, la investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar el enfoque de innovación social que se ajuste al contexto y condiciones locales del departamento del Cauca, Colombia. La metodología fundamentada en el pensamiento complejo tuvo tres momentos. El primero, basado en la dialógica, recogió la diversidad de nociones conceptuales para identificar las interrelaciones existentes entre innovación social y diseño. El segundo, soportado en el principio hologramático evidenció las partes del todo, mediante un análisis multicriterio social que valoró los elementos técnicos y de equidad para determinar la alternativa de innovación social pertinente para el Cauca. El tercero encontró en la autoorganización el patrón con las relaciones esencialesen el sistema y propuso un tejido relacional para este territorio. Como parte de los resultados se encontró que la innovación social emerge como un concepto referente para las apuestas de diseño de mundos que tienen una orientación hacia la sustentación y transición. Así mismo, la valoración de los enfoques económicogerencial, sociológico, socio-resiliente, institucional-participativo y de diseño, ofrecieron una jerarquización de las soluciones compromiso mostrando como resultado que el enfoque de diseño, en una perspectiva ontológica, es la respuesta pertinente a los procesos de innovación social en el Cauca. Finalmente se encontró que el patrón de la innovación social se entiende como un proceso de disoñación y con escala multinivel.
Objective: To estimate the association between the academic, personal, and work characteristics and scientific production of professors at a private university of Lima, Peru, in 2021.
Methods: We ...undertook an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The sample included 322 professors through simple random sampling. Two questionnaires were administered. The first gathered personal, academic, and work characteristics; while the second evaluated scientific production. The chi-squared test was used, with a significance level of p<0,05, to evaluate the association between the different characteristics and scientific production. A multiple logistic regression was analyzed through the Stepwise method to evaluate the relationship between the variables of exposure and scientific production. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Results: We analyzed 322 professors, 59,6% were male. Scientific production was associated with being registered in Renacyt (PR = 5,52; 95% CI: 2,14 to 4,23; p = <0.001), having a doctoral degree (PR = 2,45; 95% CI: 1,60 to 3,85; p = <0.001), having been a thesis advisor (PR = 3,83; 95% CI: 1,45 to 5,66; p = <0.001), having facilities to conduct research at the workplace (PR = 1,58; 95% CI: 1,12 to 2,47; p = 0.006), and having received training by the university (PR = 1,99; 95% CI: 1,55 to 2,56; p =0.001).
Conclusions: Scientific production was associated with being registered in Renacyt, having a doctoral degree, having been a thesis advisor, having facilities to conduct research at the workplace, and having being trained in research by the university. Hence, evaluation systems and the monitoring of university quality standards should be strengthened. In addition, it is necessary to undertake wider scope studies in order to enhance the strategies that promote professors' research.
Objetivo: en este estudio, se tiene por objetivo establecer los determinantes del número de ataques terroristas en un territorio a través del tiempo. Metodología: como novedad, en primer lugar, se ...incorporan elementos tanto de la teoría del reclamo de los ataques como de la recurrencia de ellos, para tener un espectro analítico más profundo. Y, en segundo lugar, se implementa un modelo estocástico binomial negativo con datos panel, caracterizado por ser dinámico para evitar problemas de endogeneidad. La información utilizada proviene de las bases de datos Global Terrorism Database, Big Allied and Dangerous, Political Terror Scale y World Bank. Resultados: los resultados inicialesobtenidos indican que la probabilidad de ataques terroristas aumenta cuando hay antecedentes de asalto armado, alto nivel educativo, ataques suicidas y ataques a civiles; en tanto que disminuye con la existencia de una alta participación laboral femenina y bajos índices de corrupción. De otro lado, la investigación encontró evidencia empírica suficiente para afirmar que la teoría del reclamo de los ataques ayuda a explicar el fenómeno del número de ataques mediante la inclusión de los objetivos civiles, número de víctimas fatales, asaltos armados y suicidios. Conclusiones: y aún más importante, si se incorporan variables propias de las teorías del número de ataques; tales como la participación laboral femenina, variación en el PIB per cápita, gastos en educación y el índice de corrupción, los resultados son significativamente más robustos al ampliar el espectro argumentativo y potenciar la capacidad explicativa de las variables entre sí.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and risk perception with preventive behavior in health professionals from four Latin American countries. An analytical ...cross-sectional study was conducted. Health professionals with on-site care in Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Peru were surveyed. Information was collected through an online self-report questionnaire. The main variables were preventive behavior as the dependent variable and fear of COVID-19 and risk perception as independent variables. Linear regression was used, and unstandardized beta coefficient and value of ps were calculated. Four hundred and thirty-five health professionals were included, the majority were aged 42 years or older (45.29, 95%CI: 40.65-50.01) and female (67.82, 95%CI: 63.27-72.05). It was shown that the greater the fear of COVID-19, the greater the preventive behavior of COVID-19 infection (
= 2.21,
= 0.002 for total behavior;
= 1.12,
= 0.037 for additional protection at work;
= 1.11,
< 0.010 for hand washing). The risk perception of COVID-19 infection had a slight direct relationship with preventive behaviours (
= 0.28,
= 0.021 for total behavior;
= 0.13,
= 0.015 for hand washing), with the exception of the preventive behavior of using additional protection at work (
= 0.339). We found that fear and risk perception are associated with increased practice of hand washing and use of additional protection at work. Further studies are required on the influence of working conditions, job performance and the occurrence of mental health problems in frontline personnel with regard to COVID-19.
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo capturar la segregación ocupacional y la discriminación salarial por género en la Universidad del Cauca, ubicada en el suroccidente colombiano, durante cuatro ...momentos en el tiempo (2005, 2010, 2015 y 2020). La metodología es cuantitativa e implementa en el primer caso el Índice de Karmel y MacLachlan (KM) y la descomposición de Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder (KOB) en el segundo. Se utiliza información de datos panel en la descomposición KOB, lo que permite evaluar la evolución de la segregación en el tiempo. Las variables incluyen el género, el salario, la edad, los años de experiencia, el nivel de formación, los cargos administrativos, la unidad académica, entre otros. La información fue suministrada por la Vicerrectoría académica de la Universidad de forma totalmente anonimizada. Los resultados muestran evidencia de segregación ocupacional y discriminación salarial por género; a pesar de que en los últimos años ambas brechas se están cerrando levemente, el problema permanece. La segregación ocupacional ocurre aún en ocupaciones beta tradicionalmente ocupadas por las mujeres pese a la baja percepción de discriminación laboral por parte de las profesoras universitarias. En cuanto a las ocupaciones alfa, estas mantienen la hegemonía masculina. Las características observables hacen que existan diferencias en la modificación salarial entre profesores y profesoras, pero estas cada vez se hacen menos fuertes por el aumento en el nivel de formación y la disminución en el número de hijos e hijas. Existen factores discriminatorios no observados que mantienen la discriminación salarial femenina en respuesta a factores culturales arraigados en el patriarcado y tradicionalismo de la región donde se encuentra la universidad.
This article presents the design of a formal, special and flexible educational model for basic secondary school, aimed at adult victims of the armed conflict and former combatants in Colombia. This ...model is supported by emergent pedagogies and participatory methodologies which seek to consolidate harmonious relations between communities and nature with a higher purpose: a peaceful coexistence as a support for peace construction in Colombia. It is based on the pivotal element Culture of Peace that contributes to the construction of sustainable peace within the framework of social justice and rights. The pedagogical pillars have three complementary approaches: bio-learning, pedagogical mediation and popular education. The methodology fits into complex thinking that consists in the recognition of networks of relationships existing in knowledge, as well as the impossibility of exhausting it in a single epistemic field, in order to build and share knowledge through an integrative project that engages different academic fields incorporated in the study cycles. Thus, it would be possible to address the pivotal elements, with a multidimensional, contextual and trans- disciplinary perspective in interaction with the areas of knowledge required for these learning cycles.
This paper presents the preliminary results of a proposal to facilitate the understanding of concepts and the logic of economy in university students who are not enrolled in the academic program of ...economics. This proposal is based on the simulation game called Strategies and Markets in Economics (Estrategias y Mercados en Economía – EMERCO), which resulted from a research process in the classroom. The methodology has a qualitative approach and a descriptive type, with an exploratory scope. This study shows the functioning of the game, the selection of the team according to mentality type and brain dominance, in accordance with the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument. The game has novel elements in its structure by bringing the real functioning of a market to the classroom, achieving better results in regard to grades and in the assimilation of the contents in introductory classes and fundamentals of economics in higher education.
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