Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (lanthanide MOFs) may be utilized for a variety of environmental and human health applications due to their luminescent properties and high thermal and water ...stability. However, the cytotoxic and epigenetic effects produced in human cells are not known. Therefore, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects, internalization, and changes in the mRNA abundance of DNA methylation and demethylation enzymes by exposing human fibroblast cells to a metal–organic framework H
2
NMe
2
3
Tb(III)(2,6 pyridinedicarboxylate)
3
(Tb-MOF). For this purpose, the cells were exposed to six concentrations (0.05 to 1.6 mg/mL) of Tb-MOF for 48 h. Field emission electron microscopy coupled to linear energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM‒EDS) and confocal microscopy analysis were performed. The cytotoxicity was determined with crystal violet and MTT assays. The results demonstrated the internalization of Tb-MOF at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/mL, as well as concentration-dependent toxicity. Additionally, we detected significant changes in the gene expression levels of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases due to the presence of Tb-MOF, suggesting that Tb-MOF could generate epigenetic changes even at low concentrations. The results of our study may establish a foundation for future research attempting to develop and apply secure nanomaterials (e.g., MOFs) to minimize damage to the environment and human health.
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•Pure MOFs and composite MOFs have recently been used in dye removal.•The properties of these materials are directly related to their adsorption capacity.•Polymeric materials with ...ordered structures facilitate contact with the dye.•The dye removal takes place mainly through three non-covalent interactions.•The three interactions are electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking.
This review discusses different conventional and non-conventional synthetic methods available to obtain polymeric crystalline materials and MOF composites. Through which is possible to produce materials with different crystallinity, sizes, and shapes, directly associated with their adsorption capacity. From this revision, it is clear that, 1) any material synthesized with improved crystallinity and smaller size will adsorb higher quantities of the adsorbate compared with materials with less crystallinity and bigger particle size. 2) most of the organic linkers employed for the synthesis of MOFs are aromatic linkers, some of which include hetero atoms in their structures all having a high electron density environment, ready to interact via π-π stacking with the aromatic systems of the colourants here reviewed, i.e. Indigo carmine (IC) and Congo red (CG) (anionic dyes) and Malachite green (MG), the later one being considered a cationic dye. The well-ordered polymeric materials, according to their structure allow contact with the dyes structures, through three principal kinds of interactions: electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking. Kinetic studies allow us to know and understand the adsorption process followed in most experiments through pseudo-second-order mechanisms. Moreover, very detailed information about investigations to understand electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions are explained with many experiments such as pH adsorption studies to understand the influence of pH on the adsorption process; infrared (IR) spectroscopy to identify and assess the change of functional groups; X-ray diffraction (XRD) to examine the crystallinity and arrangement of atoms in materials; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize the morphology and surface characteristics of polymeric materials; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain information about particles size, shape, phases and structural characteristics; zeta potential analysis to determine the surface charge of the polymeric materials; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to measure weight loss as a function of temperature and thermal stability; among other experiments.
Abstract This study explores various aspects of Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs), focusing on synthesis techniques to adjust pore size and key ligands and metals for crafting carrier MOFs. It ...investigates MOF‐drug interactions, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions, along with kinetic studies. The multifaceted applications of MOFs in drug delivery systems are elucidated. The morphology and structure of MOFs are intricately linked to synthesis methodology, impacting attributes like crystallinity, porosity, and surface area. Hydrothermal synthesis yields MOFs with high crystallinity, suitable for catalytic applications, while solvothermal synthesis generates MOFs with increased porosity, ideal for gas and liquid adsorption. Understanding MOF‐drug interactions is crucial for optimizing drug delivery, affecting charge capacity, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. Kinetic studies determine drug release rates and uniformity, vital for controlled drug delivery. Overall, comprehending drug‐MOF interactions and kinetics is essential for developing effective and controllable drug delivery systems.
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This work aims to provide a complete understanding of how different supramolecular interactions in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs): Hydrogen bonds (HBs), dipole–dipole (D-D) ...interactions, van der Waals forces (VWFs), π stacking, π*–n interactions, as well as coordination bonds (CBs) have repercussion on the adsorption of different gases (H2, CO2, CH4, hydrocarbons, SO2 and SH2). We conclude that a small pore size increases the binding energy with guest molecules due to an increase in van der Waals interaction (VWIs). A large aromatic system produces strong interactions with guest molecules but increases pore size. The functional groups on the linkers can promote the guest molecules' adsorption by changing the linkers' electronic density, which increases the polarization of the guest molecules, creating a specific interaction such as HBs with the guest molecules. Regarding CBs, it depends on the metal's electronic configuration. A high isosteric adsorption heat (indicative of a stronger interaction) does not always explain a high gas uptake; a high isosteric adsorption heat is more likely to be the main factor explaining the material selectivity towards a given gas.
(1) Background: Although the evidence is consistent that vaccines for COVID-19 effectively prevent severe illness or death, the rapid development of vaccines has led to increased beliefs about ...possible negative consequences and conspiracy theories about the vaccine. Several factors influence whether or not people decide to be vaccinated. Some studies suggest that our perception of what significant others do and think influences our behavior. (2) Methods: This study evaluates the predictive role of beliefs about negative consequences of the COVID-19 vaccine, conspiracy beliefs about this vaccine, and social influence on the intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in three Latin American and Caribbean countries: Chile, Mexico, and Colombia. Using convenience sampling, 2075 adults from Chile (48.3%), Mexico (27.6%), and Colombia (24.6%) participated by answering an online questionnaire with variables of interest. (3) Results: Despite the differences between countries, the results showed that the proposed model is invariant and explains between 56–66% of the COVID-19 vaccination intent. Specifically, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, political orientation, and educational level, we found that beliefs about the negative consequences of the COVID-19 vaccine were the main predictor followed by social influence. Beliefs in conspiracy theories did not predict vaccination intention (4) Conclusions: Considering these variables in campaigns to boost vaccination intention is discussed.
Chagas disease caused by the parasite
is considered a neglected disease in several countries. One of the main problems about this disease is the lack of an effective treatment and the absence of ...adverse effects.
, like most pathogenic fungi and yeasts, require specific sterols to maintain viability and proliferative capacity during their life cycle. However, the oxidation of this molecule to ergosterol peroxide has shown several biological effects, including its trypanocidal activity.
We have synthesized MOFs nanoparticles as carrier system coupled to ergosterol peroxide (MOFs-EP) and we have studied its effect on the circulating forms of the
parasite.
MOFs-EP possess an efficient trypanocidal activity at much lower inhibitory concentrations (ng/mL) that the concentrations shown by ergosterol peroxide (μg/mL) when administered unconjugated form.
Our results open a new possibility in the biomedical application of MOFs and ergosterol peroxide in the search for new options for the treatment of Chagas disease.
The specific management of infective endocarditis (IE) in elderly patients is not specifically addressed in recent guidelines despite its increasing incidence and high mortality in this population. ...The term “elderly” corresponds to different ages in the literature, but it is defined by considerable comorbidity and heterogeneity. Cancer incidence, specifically colorectal cancer, is increased in older patients with IE and impacts its outcome. Diagnosis of IE in elderly patients is challenging due to the atypical presentation of the disease and the lower performance of imaging studies. Enterococcal etiology is more frequent than in younger patients. Antibiotic treatment should prioritize diminishing adverse effects and drug interactions while maintaining the best efficacy, as surgical treatment is less commonly performed in this population due to the high surgical risk. The global assessment of elderly patients with IE, with particular attention to frailty and geriatric profiles, should be performed by multidisciplinary teams to improve disease management in this population.
This study opens up exciting possibilities for the application of Co-MOF, a Metal-Organic Framework (Co(5-NH2-bdc)(bpy)0.5(H2O)3·2H2O), in the efficient removal of heavy metals (Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, ...Cu2+) from water. The removal mechanism combines ion exchange and adsorption, influenced by the ionic radius of the metal ions. Langmuir's model determined maximum adsorption capacities (Qm), showing a proportional increase with the ionic radius of heavy metals: 75.47 mg/g (Cu2+), 344.82 mg/g (Cd2+), 485 mg/g (Hg2+), and 526.31 mg/g (Pb2+). Free Gibbs energy, inversely proportional to the metal's ionic radius, was determined as −36.43 kKj/mol (Cu2+), −28.67 Kj/mol (Cd2+), −24.13 Kj/mol (Pb2+), and −21.67 Kj/mol (Hg2+). The pseudo-second-order mechanism explained heavy metal removal, except for Cu2+, due to continuous ion exchange. Reutilization experiments showed a decrement in efficacy in the second cycle. Filtration experiments demonstrated a lower removal percentage (close to 60 %) and confirmed the competitive activity of Co-MOF compared to other MOFs, particularly in Cd2+ removal, with superior rate constants and maximum adsorption capacities.
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•Removal of Heavy Metals Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ from Water using crystalline MOFs.•Kinetic and isothermal studies on the adsorption process of Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+.•Co-MOF with high adsorption activity for the removal of Cd2+ from water.•Combination of ion exchange and adsorption mechanisms for heavy metal removal from water.•Pseudo-second-order mechanism confirmed for the removal of heavy metals Pb2⁺, Hg2⁺, Cd2⁺, and Cu2⁺.
In this work, a new semicrystalline MOF synthesized from terephthalic acid and zinc nitrate is described, as well as an integral characterization of its physicochemical properties. BDC-Zn was ...evaluated in three applications: Methyl orange (MO) and Methyl Blue (MO) adsorption/photocatalytic degradation and H2 evolution. MO presents the best adsorption result; with a maximum adsorption capacity of 2100 mg/g, which is higher than all the MOF's reported in the literature. For H2 evolution, the activity was enhanced 24 times in photocatalyst with MO adsorbed, and 27 times for the MB adsorbed (from 47 to 1148 and 1259 μmol/gh, respectively). This result is attributed to better light adsorption and a decrease in charge recombination.
•BDC-Zn was evaluated in methyl orange/methyl blue adsorption-photocatalytic degradation and H2 evolution.•BDC-Zn MO/MB sensitization increased 24 and 27 times photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.•BDC-Zn MOF shows the highest methyl orange adsorption capacity determined in MOF's literature.
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