Herein, an electrode architecture design using three-dimensional carbon/ZnO nanomembrane composite foam (C/ZnO NM foam) was proposed to achieve highly stable areal capacity at a practical mass ...loading. The composite, consisting of three-dimensional interconnected carbon foam anchored with two-dimensional ZnO NMs, was directly used as an anode of a lithium-ion battery without additional additives. The large surface area and high porosity of the carbon foam lead to a high ZnO loading of 3–4 mg cm −2 . The flexibility of the ZnO NMs, effective electronic and ionic transport throughout the three-dimensional composite structure, and capacity from the carbon foam enhance the areal capacity and stability of the composite. Thus, the synthesized anode retains 92% capacity after 700 cycles at 2 A g −1 and after 500 cycles at 5 A g −1 and manifests a remarkable areal capacity of 4.3 mA h cm −2 . The proposed approach and the composite structure produced in this study may have important potential applications in many fields requiring high energy storage capacity.
Two-dimensional TiO2 nanosheets were synthesized by atomic layer deposition（ALD） on dissolvable sacrificial polymer layer. The photocatalytic performance of free-standing TiO2 nanosheets prepared ...with different numbers of ALD cycles（100, 300, 500, and 1000） were investigated by evaluating the degradation rates of methyl orange solutions. It is shown that the photocatalytic activity increases due to Ti3+ defect and the locally ordered structures in amorphous TiO2 nanosheets. The difference in the surface areas of nanosheets may also play a crucial role in the photocatalytic activity. The results obtained in this work can have potential applications in fields like water splitting and dye-sensitized solar cells.
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to coat a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer substrate with TiO2 film. The TiO2 was grown onto the surface with better film coverage by using thicker ALD ...deposition. Further evaluation on the coated substrates indicated that the reactive sites of –C=O that existed on PET surface played a significant contribution to facilitating the initial ALD growth of the TiO2 thin film. The chemical composition of the coated substrates was characterised using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, which showed that increasing the TiO2 film thickness increased the Ti element content. Two growth mechanisms, namely, diffusion growth and direct coordination through the precursor coordination with surface reactive sites of –C=O with product release occurred simultaneously in the initial growth of TiO2 coating onto PET polymer by ALD. The surface alteration of the coated ALD was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed that the hydroxyl –OH groups emerged in the TiO2 ALD film.
Pressure drops are unavoidable when testing or applying power generation systems. Similar to any other system, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system also experiences pressure drops. ...This study focused on analyzing the pressure drop in the plate heat exchanger of the evaporator, the condenser, and the piping to minimize the occurrence of a decrease in the system performance. Three scenarios, organic fluids R141b (scenario 1), R245fa (scenario 2), and R227ea (scenario 3), are used to determine the working fluid with the lowest pressure drop at a heat source with a temperature of 95 °C. The analysis was performed with data from an ORC system that had been installed in a laboratory. Pressure drop calculation was divided into cold and hot sides because of the presence of two fluid flows in the evaporator and condenser. Each side was divided into two zones because of a phase change in the evaporator and the condenser. The pressure drops from the plate and through the port were calculated in the evaporator and the condenser, and the pressure drop in the piping system completed the analysis. The analysis results showed that the total pressure drop in the evaporator and condenser for scenarios 1, 2, and 3 are 0.268 bar, 0.173 bar, and 0.134 bar, respectively. In addition, the total pressure drop in the piping system is 0.069 bar, 0.075 bar, and 0.081 bar for scenarios 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, scenario 3 had the lowest total pressure drop than other scenarios.
The technology development of electrochemical energy storage devices including lithium-ion battery is urgently needed to support the increased demand for renewable energy and production growth of ...portable electronic devices. Extensive research on nanostructural engineering aims to improve battery performance in terms of capacity, energy density, cycling ability, and Coulombic efficiency. This review describes the concept of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and focuses on ALD for Li-ion battery. Within the last few years, interest in the nanostructured materials synthesized by ALD to enhance battery performance has rapidly improved. Given the urgent requirement for reliable materials for high battery performance, ALD is a robust method for developing and fabricating nanostructure materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries, especially in the design of anode and cathode electrodes of the batteries.
In this study, TiO2 and TiO2-ZnO nanomembranes were fabricated by atomic layer deposition using the three-dimensionally porous template and their photocatalytic properties were investigated. The ...nanomembranes were firstly deposited onto the surface of polyurethane porous sponge templates (sacrificial templates), followed by a calcination at 500 or 800 °C. Three-dimensionally porous structures as a replica of the porous sponge templates were thus achieved. By a pulverizing process, the porous structures were broken into small pieces, which were then employed as photocatalyst. Experimental results show that the degree of crystallinity is raised by increasing of the nanomembrane thickness due to the increase of the grain size with minimizing the number of grain boundaries in the thicker nanomembrane, which is beneficial to enhance the photocatalysis efficiency. On the other hand, the photocatalytic activity can also be improved by TiO2-ZnO composite, due to lower electron-hole recombination possibility and better carrier conductivity.
The concept of halal products or foods is now gaining a worldwide discussion due to its recognition as an alternative benchmark for safety, hygiene and quality assurance of what we consume or drink ...daily. For a moslem consumer, halal foods and drinks means that the products has met the requirements laid down by the Shariah law. It represents the symbol of hygiene, quality and safety product when produced strictly under the Holistic Halal Assurance Management System. It is expected with halal certification to ensure the halal of food consumed by moslem in Indonesia could increase the sharia and economic values for the moslem in Indonesia. Indonesia is a huge market for halal product, and has just legalized regulation on halal product guarantee. The recent dynamics urge the importance of knowledge of consumer’s behavior on halal product. This study is aimed to explore an economic and sharia values of moslem awareness in Indonesia with a pilot project in Semarang City. The standard of halal used are defined from the points of: (1) input or material come from; (2) how to get the input; (3) how to process the input; (4) how to store the input; (5) how to transportage the input; and (6) how to package and serve the input. Mixed-method of quantitative and qualitative had been invoked to analyse the data.The results indicated that the level of awarness for consuming the halal food are vary among the moslem community by her/ his income- and sharia-stratum as perceived by them. It is hardly difficult to aware people of A-B-G-C accordingly for halal food in such high intense of diversity in community in short-term. Of course, a lot of efforts and strong committment among the stakeholders is indeed needed to ensure the halal food consumed by moslem in Indonesia.
Surface coating processing of industrial component with thermal spray coatings have been applied in many industrial fields. Ceramic matrix composite coating which consists of Cr3C2-Al2O3-NiAl had ...been carried out to obtain layers of material that has superior mechanical properties to enhance component performance. Deposition of CMC with High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating has been employed. This study aims to determine the effect of powder particle size on the microstructure, surface roughness and hardness of the layer, by varying the NiAl powder particle size. Test results show NiAl powder particle size has an influence on the mechanical properties of CMC coating. Hardness of coating increases and surface roughness values of coating decrease with smaller NiAl particle size.
This paper proposed a grape drying machine using computer vision and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) method. Computer vision is for taking grapes’ image on conveyor, whereas MLP is for controlling grape ...drying machine and classifying its output. To evaluate the proposed, a kind of grapes are put on conveyor of the machine and their images are taken every two min. Some parameters of MLP to control the drying machine includes dried grape, temperature, grape area, motor position, and motion speed. Those parameters are to adjust an appropriate MLP’s output, including motion control and heater control. Two different temperatures are employed on the machine, including 60 and 75°C. The results showed that the grape could be dried with similar area 3800 pixel at the 770th min using temperature 60°C and at the 410th min using temperature 75°C. Comparing between them, the similar ratio could also be achieved at 0.64 with different time 360 min. Indeed, the temperature setting at 75°C resulted faster drying performance.
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