Oxygenation is a fundamental transformation in synthesis. Herein, we describe the selective late‐stage oxygenation of sulfur‐containing complex molecules with ground‐state oxygen under ambient ...conditions. The high oxidation potential of the active uranyl cation (UO22+) enabled the efficient synthesis of sulfones. The ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer process (LMCT) from O 2p to U 5f within the O=U=O group, which generates a UV center and an oxygen radical, is assumed to be affected by the solvent and additives, and can be tuned to promote selective sulfoxidation. This tunable strategy enabled the batch synthesis of 32 pharmaceuticals and analogues by late‐stage oxygenation in an atom‐ and step‐efficient manner.
The late‐stage oxygenation of sulfur‐containing complex molecules was achieved with ground‐state oxygen under ambient conditions. Use of the uranyl cation (UO22+) as the active photocatalyst enabled the synthesis of sulfone and sulfoxide derivatives of 32 pharmaceuticals in an atom‐ and step‐efficient manner.
In this paper we present a review of the structure of the proton and the current status of our knowledge of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). The lepton-nucleon scattering experiments which ...provide the main constraints in PDF extractions are introduced and their measurements are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the HERA data which cover a wide kinematic region. Hadron-hadron scattering measurements which provide supplementary information are also discussed. The methods used by various groups to extract the PDFs in QCD analyses of hard scattering data are presented and their results are compared. The use of existing measurements allows predictions for cross sections at the LHC to be made. A comparison of these predictions for selected processes is given. First measurements from the LHC experiments are compared to predictions and some initial studies of the impact of this new data on the PDFs are presented.
Current electricity pricing models take into account costs of generation, transmission, emissions and a fixed cost of distribution based on time of day and type of primary source. However, the ...authors postulate that increasing fast charging for EVs will lead to increased overloading and voltage drops observed in networks at the low voltage level. To this end, the authors propose a novel method that encourages reactive power injection to minimize voltage drops and active power injection to minimize cable loading by using a centralized, double-sided optimized algorithm. This model allows for peer-to-peer power delivery, incentivized using pricing factors, encouraging local optimization-based solutions to network overloading as well as increased islanding in the network as a means of improving grid resilience and allowing optimal EV charging and discharging. Incentivized peer-to-peer transactions are then recorded in a centralized blockchain, with instantaneous power serving as the transactional commodity for both fixed consumers and generators (houses) and mobile consumers and generators (EVs). The mathematical model, as well as the impact of such a decentralized network compared to a business-as-usual network shows the potential of decongestion of 5–10% in terms of a reduction in voltage drops and cable loading with even a low EV penetration level (<5% of available transportation) by using existing resources as V2G and voltage stability resources.
•Optimized EV charging and discharging algorithm using P2P power transactions.•Instantaneous power serving as the transactional commodity.•Incorporates fixed and mobile consumers and generators.•Decongestion of 5–10% in terms of a reduction in voltage drops and cable loading.•Novel method of reducing network congestion using DERs (solar, storage and EVs).
A lab-scale parallel photoreactor model has been developed for broad applications in organic chemistry. Position, angle, and distance in the reactor are systematically optimized for achieving high ...reproducibility under the guidance of the Inverse Square Law and Lambert’s Cosine Law, which were first applied in the design of the photoreactor. Improvement of photon efficiency is realized via 3-point irradiation and broad-band light reflector of aluminum. Photon flux is measured with an optical power meter with its display and adjustment suggested being integrated into the photoreactor for the first time.
An efficient lab-scale photoreactor has been developed with enhanced photon efficiency, achieved by the application of optical laws on reactor design, which provides enhanced control, reproducibility and significant improvement in reaction performance. Display omitted
The proper choice of strata boundaries is an important factor determining the efficiency of the estimator of the considered characteristics of a population. In this article, the Cum V𝐷i( 𝑥, 𝑧) ...Rule (i=3,4) for obtaining approximately optimum strata boundaries has been applied, taking into account a single-study variable along with two concomitant variables serving as the basis of the stratification variables. The relative efficiency of the proposed methods has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically by comparing them to a selection of already-existing methods in a simulation study with the use of the proportional allocation method.
In this paper, separate and combined ratio type estimators have been proposed in presence of non-response for estimating the population mean under stratified random sampling when the non-response ...occurs both on study and the auxiliary variables and the population mean of the auxiliary variable is unknown. The expressions for the biases and mean square errors (MSEs) of the proposed estimators have been derived to the first order of approximation. The proposed estimators have been compared with the other existing estimators using MSE criterion, and the condition under which the proposed estimators perform better than existing estimators have been obtained. In addition to the theoretical research, an empirical study was conducted.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Photocatalysis has been comprehensively applied to diverse valuable chemical transformations. However, photocatalytic processes have encountered obstacles in gaining wide acceptance in industry, ...primarily due to scale-up challenges, especially in heterogeneous systems involving equivalent amounts of solids. We designed a photo-continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) protocol for heterogeneous photocatalytic processes, which is capable of multiphasic processes with excellent adaptability. Furthermore, glass-wool-supported photocatalyst was successfully made, applied, and recycled at least 12 times without any decrease in hydroxylation of phenylboronic acid in reactivity, enabling gram scale synthesis with high efficiency in photo-CSTR.
In this investigation, we examined the impact of employing simple random sampling on the stratification points pertaining to the two independent variables. The study focused on a variable (X) ...exhibiting a robust correlation, and we employed a combination of ratio and product estimators to select a representative sample and establish the population mean. By maintaining a comprehensive superpopulation framework, we successfully identified concise equations that effectively reduced the overall variability within the dataset. To reveal the underlying nature of these mathematical derivations, we employed the cumulative cube roots rule to determine nearly optimal stratification points for the two research variables. The validity of this suggested rule was assessed through rigorous testing utilizing empirical and simulated data obtained from diverse distributions.
This study investigates whether green supply chain management (GSCM) practices help companies to be resilient against the buffer effect in the context of COVID-19. Building on the instrumental ...version of stakeholder theory, companies implementing GSCM practices should build environmental skills and competitive advantage to cope with a crisis caused by supply chain disruptions. Our survival analysis, conducted on 5,696 firms headquartered in 35 countries, shows clear evidence that GSCM companies’ market prices recover quickly from the shock. Considering mounting pressure on environmental issues, this study documents the new benefits of GSCM for companies confronted with a global financial shock. By applying a large sample, the study has originality and implications for stakeholders, including investors, governments, and policymakers, to push firms to become more eco-friendly and resilient.
•The COVID-19 crisis severely affected companies’ share prices.•Environmentally sustainable practices may help firms during supply chain disruption.•Environmental policies could make organizations resilient to the COVID-19 crisis.•Green supply chain management improves a firm’s financial performance.
Cereals are staple food for many countries and are grown on millions of hectares of land, but much of the harvest is wasted due to losses by pests. To minimize these losses, many pesticides are used ...which are damaging to the environment and human health. There are debates to get rid of these chemicals but they are still in use at large scale. An alternative control strategy for insect pests in storage houses is the use of botanicals. In this study, four plant essential oils, two plant extracts, two herbicides, and two insecticides were used against Tribolium confusum and the comparison of toxicity was made by calculating LC50 and LT50 values. LC50 values were higher for abamectin (2.09–10.23 mg/L) and cypermethrin (3.41–11.78 mg/L) insecticides followed by neem essential oil (7.39–19.24 mg/L) and citrus extract (10.14–24.50 mg/L). However, LC50 values were maximum in case of jaman plant extract (22.38–176.42 mg/L) followed by two herbicides, Logran (19.66–39.72 mg/L) and Topik (29.09–47.67 mg/L) However, LC50 values were higher for topic herbicide (24.098 ppm) and jaman essential oil (16.383 ppm) after four days of treatment. Abamectin and cypermethrin insecticides, neem essential oil and citrus plant extract also killed adults of T. confusum quicker as compared other essential oils, extracts and herbicides. Results revealed that botanical formulations being environmentally safe could be used instead of highly hazardous pesticides for stored products’ pests. This study also elaborates the non-host toxicity of herbicides commonly applied in our agroecosystem.
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