The aim of this study was to use instrumental neutron activation analysis and multivariate analysis to determine the provenance of Jamaican Cannabis sativa L. Sixty-three samples were collected from ...various areas in Jamaica, with no other data but their known or self-reported growing regions. The samples were analysed for Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd, Co, Cs, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, V, and Zn. The resulting elemental data were statistically evaluated using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Cluster analysis was able to group the samples into their known or reported growing regions with a high degree of accuracy. Principal component analysis was also able to elucidate some of the underlying geochemical factors that could explain the clustering. These included the underlying bauxitic geochemistry and the influence of fertilizer inputs. Of the analysed elements, Al, As, Cd, Co, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Sc, Sm, V, and Zn appear to be most significant in identifying the growing regions of the cannabis samples. Results indicate the promise of this methodology with an increased dataset and potentially further refinement of the identifying elements.
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•Cannabis sativa L samples were collected from self-reported areas in Jamaica.•Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for multi-elemental analysis.•Multivariate analysis was used to source the provenance of the samples.•Al, As, Cd, Co, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Sc, Sm, V, and Zn can show sample origin.•The methodology was able to group samples into their growing regions.
Purpose
Although mitigation approaches have been developed to reduce Cd in cacao beans, the efficacy of the approaches have been inadequate to make them economically viable. The objective was to ...determine the application method that would be most efficacious with respect to rapidity of effect, magnitude of reduction and persistency of effect on Cd in cacao.
Method
A field study was conducted using two soil amendments, hydrated lime and biochar, at recommended rates using three methods of application, soil surface application with incorporation (SA), soil injection (SI) or deep placement using an auger (AA) along with a control. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications with 15 trees per replication. Phytoavailable soil Cd, soil pH, CEC and total leaf Cd concentration were monitored monthly on three guarded trees per plot over a one-year period.
Results
The efficacy of application of hydrated lime by SI was significantly better than SA in terms of rapidity of the effect on leaf Cd in comparison to the control (40% reduction compared to 30%) as well as its persistency. With biochar, again the SI was significantly better than SA with regards to reducing leaf Cd levels in comparison to the control (35% reduction compared to 20%) but the time taken to action and the persistency were lower compared to hydrated lime application. AA did not significantly reduce Cd level in the leaf with either hydrated lime or biochar application.
Conclusion
Overall the application of the amendments using SI was much more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in cacao leaves for both amendments.
This is a sketch grammar of the Tutelo-Saponi language, a preliminary examination of the history, phonology, morphology, and syntax of the Southeastern Siouan language and its speakers. While ...previous works have presented the corpus’ data in the North American Phonetic Alphabet, this study presents data primarily in a combination of the International Phonetic Alphabet (for the phonology portion of the grammar) and the writing system currently being developed for the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation (a derivation of the orthography of the 19th-century philologist Horatio Hale). Included later in the sketch are methods currently being used to enrich the Tutelo-Saponi lexicon. Finally, this sketch presents a sample opening prayer in the language created in conjunction with an Occaneechi language consultant, as well as a land acknowledgment of the Tohono O’odham people created by Corey Roberts to open a linguistics presentation at the University of Arizona.
The self as muse Mathas, Alexander; Block, Richard; Breithaupt, Fritz ...
2011., 2011, 2011-04-22
eBook
While there are countless philosophical and psychological studies that focus on sources of the self, narcissism has found relatively little attention in a pre-Freudian context. The Self as Muse fills ...this gap by examining various aspects of narcissism and their significance for the outpouring of creativity in late eighteenth and nineteenth-century German literature. In many Eighteenth-century works of the period narcissism refers to the creation of an idealized image of the self and the desire to merge with this image. It provided an impetus for poetic production as writers resorted to the Greek myth of Narcissus to express what they perceived as the inner workings of their soul. Yet they were also acutely aware of the vain, and therefore narcissistic, motivations for their explorations of the self. While those influenced by the Pietist tradition attempted to distinguish between an "unselfish" self-scrutiny and self-indulging vanity, others like Goethe took advantage of narcissism's creative potential and integrated it into their aesthetic endeavors. The abundance of confessional and autobiographical accounts, the burgeoning of poetry drawing on personal experience, the emergence of a type of drama that is based on empathy, and the concern with an individual's ability to control one's senses and emotions in general testify to an unprecedented interest in notions of the self in German literature. Mathäs explains the emergence of narcissism in the literature of the period as a sense-inspired concept that aims to bring about a better comprehension of both the self and other human beings, and how writers used narcissism to improve the moral behavior of their readers. It examines eighteenth-century representations of narcissism against the background of Freudian and post-Freudian notions of the concept, and explores narcissism as a creative process that engages both reader and writer in the production of meaning.
Dorothea Schlegel's novel fragment Florentin has been repeatedly interpreted for how it participates in the literary tradition of Jena Romanticism. However, readings that have focused on its ...aesthetic structure have consistently overlooked an important component of the text-its critique of then-contemporary notions of the ideal state. This essay examines how Florentin, using the language of garden design, creates two distinct political realms to assess the feasibility of Early Romantic and Liberal models of social reform only to leave the reader longing for a third option. While its criticism of the two most important political models of the time is unique in its use of the discourse of garden design, what makes Florentin an especially important text in German cultural history is that it represents the last work of political reformism to come out of the Jena circle and thereby marks the beginning of Romanticism's turn to political conservatism.
In the early 1830s, Heine's view of history underwent a well-documented shift. Around this same time Heine's Lutherbild experienced a similar change, which upon closer examination, reveals a number ...of nuances in his new notion of history, its significance for socio-political resistance and revolution, and his ambivalent reception of the Hegelian notion of Weltgeschichte. Based on his revised appraisal of Luther after 1832, Heine understood the present as simultaneously indebted to and independent from the past, making historiography an episodic, even schizophrenic evaluation of past instances of revolution that paradoxically both documents human agency and undermines any notion of historical teleology. Reprinted by permission of the German Studies Review
Thesis (M.F.A.) -- Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006.
Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Prepared for: Dept. of Theatre. Bibliography: p. 70-75.
Actor training, like the theatre in Brazil, has historically been a middle and upper class pursuit that followed European models, namely Stanislavski's system. Yet within Brazil there is a wealth of ...diverse cultures that are inherently theatrical and well suited for application in actor training. In this study I explore one such culture, the Afro Brazilian religion Umbanda. First, I examine its formation to illuminate how the religion itself performed (or served as a site for cultural interaction) throughout history. Then, I explore the practice of the religion both apart from and in relation to the theatre and Stanislavski's system. Using the archetypes of Umbanda as a base, I formulate a system of actor training that both allows access to a larger demographic of Brazilians, and also encourages cultural dialogue as an explicit part of acting process. I frame this study with two metaphors: anthropophagy, the notion of cannibalizing or consuming one culture by another; and, more specifically, the digestive tract. The anthropophagy movement in Brazil framed the country's thought throughout much of the 20th century; the digestive tract is a closer examination of the consuming process that epitomizes this system of actor training.
