Analogs of human insulin have been used to discriminate between responses of metabolic and mitogenic (growth-related) pathways. This study compared the stimulatory effects of human insulin (HI) and 2 ...analogs (X2, B-Asp
9, B-Glu
27 and H2, A-His
8,B-His
4,B-Glu
10, B-His
27) on glucose uptake and protein synthesis in rat soleus muscle in situ. Glucose uptake, estimated by intramuscular (IM) injection of 2-deoxy1,2-
3Hglucose with or without insulin, was maximally increased at 10
minus 6 mol/L for HI and X2 and 10
minus 7 mol/L for H2. HI had a larger effect (318%) than either X2 (156%) or H2 (124%). The half-maximal effect (ED
50) values for HI, X2, and H2 were 3.3 times 10
minus 8 mol/L, 1.7 times 10
minus 7 mol/L, and 1.6 times 10
minus 9 mol/L, respectively. Protein synthesis, estimated by protein incorporation of
3Hphenylalanine injected into muscles with or without insulin, was maximally increased at 10
minus 5 mol/L for HI and 10
minus 6 for X2 and H2. HI had a larger effect in stimulating protein synthesis (34%) than either X2 (25%) or H2 (19.8%). The ED
50 values for HI, X2, and H2 were 3.0 times 10
minus 7 mol/L, 3.2 times 10
minus 7 mol/L, and 1.0 times 10
minus 9 mol/L, respectively. The biological potency of each analog (ED
50insulin/ED
50analog) showed X2 to be less potent than HI for both glucose uptake (0.2) and protein synthesis (0.9), whereas H2 is more potent than HI with ratios of 20 and 300, respectively. These data suggest that this approach for studying insulin responsiveness in a single muscle in situ may be a useful tool for investigating insulin signaling in muscle in vivo.
Lyb-2/CD72 is a 45-kDa mouse B cell surface protein that binds CD5 (Ly-1) and has been shown to induce B cell proliferation upon mAb binding. The serologically defined Ly-19.2 and Ly-32.2 lymphocyte ...alloantigens have mouse strain distribution patterns similar to that of the Lyb-2/CD72 alleles and map to the same region on chromosome 4 as Lyb-2/CD72. Our recent isolation of the Lyb-2a, -2b, and -2c cDNA has enabled us in this report to examine the relationship between Ly-19, Ly-32, and Lyb-2/CD72. A rat T cell line transfected with a mouse Lyb-2a cDNA is recognized by Ly-19.2-specific mAb, whereas transfectants expressing the Lyb-2b cDNA are recognized by both Ly-19.2 and Ly-32.2-specific mAb. Cell surface iodination immunoprecipitation analysis from Lyb-2a cDNA transfectants using Lyb-2a- and Ly-19.2-specific mAb as well as from Lyb-2b cDNA transfectants using Lyb-2b-, Ly-19.2-, and Ly-32.2-specific Ab, produced immunoprecipitates containing comigrating 45-kDa polypeptides. Preclearing studies with these transfectants indicate that the immunoprecipitated proteins represent the same polypeptide chain. These results demonstrate that the mouse Ly-19.2 and Ly-32.2 alloantigens are in fact the B cell differentiation Ag Lyb-2/CD72.
The Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology (RHIT) Department of Civil Engineering has featured year-long capstone projects for outside clients since 1988. The program had remained essentially the same ...over that time until 2011. A course instructor was responsible for all of the groups’ work and each team was assigned a faculty member as coach. The projects have always been real projects for clients with real needs. Early in capstone projects, the groups’ work often required the expertise of a faculty member to mentor field and lab work even though that faculty member was not the team coach or course instructor. The field and lab work can be of lesser quality because the teams failed to adequately use the faculty expert to plan their work. Later, during project design, the sub-discipline design required on each project was not always mentored by a faculty expert, especially if the faculty expert was not the instructor or team coach. Because group members were not directly accountable in grading to the faculty expert, student design submissions were sometimes of lower quality, submitted late, and/or required substantial revision at the end of the year. These circumstances demanded last-minute effort from both students and faculty experts that resulted in a delayed or incomplete submission of the final project. In industry, civil engineering consultants form design teams comprised of engineer experts from multiple sub-disciplines. Each expert works in an administrative structure that allows them to work with other experts in their own sub-discipline and with a senior mentor throughout the project. To emulate this, the civil engineering program at RHIT reorganized its capstone design for the 2012-13 academic year to ensure shared learning and collaboration within technical sub-disciplines under a faculty expert. This model is now in its fourth year with the 2015-16 academic year. Assessment of the new model by faculty members indicates significantly improved student learning, earlier completion of design work, and better emphasis on the balance between expectations of each sub-discipline expert and their role in meeting the needs of the project. The new senior design process, which consists of department-wide responsibility for student learning and course facilitation, is a great improvement over existing traditional approaches.
To address important concerns facing the air medical community, 149 air medical transport leaders, providers, consultants, and experts met September 4-6, 2003, in Salt Lake City, Utah, for a 3-day ...summit—the
Air Medical Leadership Congress: Setting the Health Care Agenda for the Air Medical Community. Using data from a Web-based survey, top air medical transport issues were identified in four core areas: safety, medical care, cost/benefit, and regulatory/compliance. This report reviews the findings of previous congresses and summarizes the discussions, findings, recommendations, and proposed industry actions to address these issues as set forth by the 2003 congress participants.
Surfactant-Templated Nanoporous Metal Films and Powders Robinson, David B.; Cappillino, Patrick J.; Jones, Christopher G. ...
Meeting abstracts (Electrochemical Society),
04/2015, Letnik:
MA2015-01, Številka:
15
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
At sufficiently high concentrations, many surfactants can direct electrodeposited or chemically reduced metals to form nanoporous structures. The surfactants can be small molecules, block ...copolymers, or polymers with functional endgroups. Under some conditions, the pores exhibit uniform, tunable sizes and long-range ordering. We will present a brief overview of demonstrations of these phenomena from the literature, and then focus on our own efforts to produce and characterize various forms of nanoporous palladium, a material of interest for energy storage, hydrogen storage, gas separation and sensing, and catalysis applications.
We have used liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering to study the mechanisms of particle growth in the presence of surfactants. Our results suggest that Pd nanoparticles form and sinter around micelles present in the aqueous phase. Changing the size of the surfactant molecules affects the size of these micelles, and ultimately determines the pore dimensions. Careful control of surfactant self-assembly and particle growth conditions is required to obtain long-range order. However, porosity that is more disordered, but still of quite uniform size distribution, can be obtained under much more relaxed conditions, and lower surfactant concentrations. We believe that interactions between the surfactants and the metal surfaces are more influential in these cases. The flexible range of conditions under which surfactants are able to induce nanoporosity suggests that this technology could prove to be a valuable synthetic method for energy materials with high power densities, as well as chemical engineering materials with high surface reaction rates.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. The Lujan Neutron Scattering Center at LANSCE is funded by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Los Alamos National Laboratory under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. The work was funded in part by Sandia’s Laboratory-Directed Research and Development program.
To the Editor:
With regard to the articles on alternative techniques of hysterectomy by Dorsey et al. and Weber and Lee and the accompanying editorial by Stovall and Summitt (Aug. 15 issue),
1
–
3
...the terms “laparoscopic hysterectomy” and “laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy” require clarification. Laparoscopic hysterectomy entails the complete separation of the uterus from its vascular, vaginal, and connective-tissue attachments, which is accomplished entirely by means of laparoscopic manipulation. Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy may be no more than a laparoscopic visualization of the pelvic viscera followed by a standard vaginal hysterectomy. In between these two procedures are those that involve . . .
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