The variations in the chemical composition, and consequently, on the biological activity of the propolis, are associated with its type and geographic origin. Considering this fact, this study ...evaluated propolis extracts obtained by supercritical extraction (SCO2) and ethanolic extraction (EtOH), in eight samples of different types of propolis (red, green and brown), collected from different regions in Brazil. The content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), Artepillin C, p-coumaric acid and antimicrobial activity against two bacteria were determined for all extracts. For the EtOH extracts, the anti-proliferative activity regarding the cell lines of B16F10, were also evaluated. Amongst the samples evaluated, the red propolis from the Brazilian Northeast (states of Sergipe and Alagoas) showed the higher biological potential, as well as the larger content of antioxidant compounds. The best results were shown for the extracts obtained through the conventional extraction method (EtOH). However, the highest concentrations of Artepillin C and p-coumaric acid were identified in the extracts from SCO2, indicating a higher selectivity for the extraction of these compounds. It was verified that the composition and biological activity of the Brazilian propolis vary significantly, depending on the type of sample and geographical area of collection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Propolis is a natural product with many demonstrated biological activities and propolis extract has been used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Different works have showed the ...variations in the chemical composition, and consequently, on the biological activity of the propolis that are associated with its type and geographic origin. Due to this study evaluated propolis extracts obtained through supercritical extraction and ethanolic extraction (conventional) in three samples of different types of propolis (red, green and brown), collected from different regions in Brazil (state of Bahia). Analyses were performed to determine the humidity, water activity, the content of total ash, proteins, lipids and fiber in raw propolis samples. The content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH), catechin, ferulic acid and luteolin and antimicrobial activity against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) were determined for all extracts. For the green and red ethanolic extracts the anti-leishmanicidal potential was also evaluated. The physicochemical profiles showed agreement in relation to the literature. The results identified significant differences among the extracts (p>0.05), which are in conformity with their extraction method, as well as with type and botanical origin of the samples. The extraction with supercritical fluid was not efficient to obtain extracts with the highest contents of antioxidants compounds, when compared with the ethanolic extracts. The best results were shown for the extracts obtained through the conventional extraction method (ethanolic) indicating a higher selectivity for the extraction of antioxidants compounds. The red variety showed the largest biological potential, which included the content of antioxidants compounds. The results found in this study confirm the influence of the type of the raw material on the composition and characteristics of the extracts. The parameters analysis were important to characterize and evaluate the quality of the different Brazilian propolis extracts based on the increased use of propolis by the natural products industry.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this study was to determine the best processing conditions to extract Brazilian green propolis using a supercritical extraction technology. For this purpose, the influence of different ...parameters was evaluated such as S/F (solvent mass in relation to solute mass), percentage of co-solvent (1 and 2% ethanol), temperature (40 and 50°C) and pressure (250, 350 and 400 bar) using supercritical carbon dioxide. The Global Yield Isotherms (GYIs) were obtained through the evaluation of the yield, and the chemical composition of the extracts was also obtained in relation to the total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity and 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxicinnamic acid (Artepillin C) and acid 4-hydroxycinnamic (p-coumaric acid). The best results were identified at 50°C, 350 bar, 1% ethanol (co-solvent) and S/F of 110. These conditions, a content of 8.93±0.01 and 0.40±0.05 g/100 g of Artepillin C and p-coumaric acid, respectively, were identified indicating the efficiency of the extraction process. Despite of low yield of the process, the extracts obtained had high contents of relevant compounds, proving the viability of the process to obtain green propolis extracts with important biological applications due to the extracts composition.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The plants of the genus
Polygala
(Polygalaceae) are employed in folk medicine for the treatment of several pathologies, including disorders of the bowel and kidney, as anesthetic, expectorant and ...anti-inflammatory. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiedematogenic and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract of
Polygala boliviensis
A. W. Benn (MEPB) in mice. The antinociceptive activity of MEPB was evaluated using the writhing, formalin, and tail immersion tests. The carrageenan-induced paw edema test was used to assess the antiedematogenic activity of MEPB. Mice motor performance was evaluated in the rota rod and open field tests and the acute toxicity were evaluated over 14 days. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of MEPB. Oral administration of MEPB (75- 600 mg/kg) reduced the number of writhing induced by acetic acid. In the formalin test, the oral pre-treatment with MEPB (75 - 600 mg/kg) produced a dose-related inhibition only of the late phase. MEPB (300 and 600 mg/kg) reduced the carrageenan-induced paw edema. In contrast, the treatment with MEPB (300 and 600 mg/kg) did not prevent the thermal nociception in the tail immersion test. MEPB (600 mg/kg)-treated mice did not show any motor performance alterations. Over the study duration of 14 days, there were no mortality or toxic signs recorded in the group mice given 6000 mg/kg of MEPB. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, the antinociceptive and antiedematogenic properties of
Polygala boliviensis
.
The increasingly hybrid relationship between consumption and production, the post-truth context, and the disinformation ecosystem have all caused tensions in journalism. Creating false news and ...spreading it across social networks has become common practice. This article introduces the development, testing and data analysis from the Verific.ai application prototype, an automated tool for checking news links on the Android operating system. This application uses data mining for defining the criteria for truthful and false news in the digital environment. The data are presented in the light of the descriptive exploratory analysis, based on tests conducted during the 2018 Brazilian elections. Through this it was possible to define and apply criteria to quickly reveal any potentially false content, while also showing the type of online news content viewed unfavorably by the consuming public.A relação mais híbrida entre consumo e produção, o contexto da pós-verdade e o ecossistema da desinformação provocaram tensões no jornalismo. Falsear a notícia tornou-se prática nas relações propagadas pelas redes sociais digitais. O artigo apresenta a experiência de desenvolvimento, teste e análise de dados do protótipo do aplicativo Verific. ai, uma ferramenta de automatização de checagem de links de notícias disponível para sistema Android. A plataforma aplica a técnica da mineração de dados a partir da definição de critérios de verdade e falsidade das notícias no ambiente digital. Os dados são apresentados à luz da análise exploratória descritiva, a partir de testes realizados no período eleitoral brasileiro de 2018. Mostrou-se como é possível delinear e aplicar critérios para evidenciação rápida de conteúdo com potencial falso, ao mesmo tempo em que se evidenciou que tipo de conteúdo tem sido colocado em xeque pelo público consumidor de notícias na internet.La relación más híbrida entre el consumo y la producción, el contexto de la postverdad y la ecosistema de la desinformación han provocado tensiones en el periodismo. Crear contenido falso se convirtió en práctica en la relaciones propagadas por las redes sociales digitales. El artículo presenta la experiencia de desarrollo, prueba y análisis de datos del prototipo de la aplicación Verific.ai, una herramienta de automatización de verificación de enlaces de noticias disponible para el sistema Android. La herramienta aplica la técnica de minería de datos definiendo criterios de verdad y falsedad de noticias en el digital. Los datos se presentan a la luz del análisis exploratorio-descriptivo, basado en pruebas realizadas en el período electoral brasileño de 2018. Se ha probado que es posible definir y aplicar criterios de evaluación rápida de contenido con potencial falso, así como se ha mostrado el tipo de contenido que es cuestionado por el consumidor de noticias en la internet.
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•Identification and quantification using HPLC-DAD: rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid.•Description of the interaction profiles of ...substances identified with respectives molecular targets.•Description of potential compounds on hipercloridrose problems, hypoxia with various metabolic disorders, diabetes and breast cancer.
In Brazil, the Asemeia genus has 19 species (12 endemic) and 2 varieties (both endemic) and some of them are found in semi-arid Bahia.
The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine identified substances by HPLC-DAD in Asemeia ovata extracts and to predict their biological activities in silico.
The quantification method by HPLC-DAD has been validated according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization. The prediction in silico activities was made by Target Fishing methods (TF), followed by docking by the program DOCK 6.7 and assessment of interaction profiles for Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler server.
It was possible to identify and quantify using HPLC-DAD substances: rutin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid. The ChemProt 2.0 server was selected for TF method, which has shown potential activity of compounds on molecular targets such as Carbonic anhydrase 12, epidermal growth factor receptor and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.
This work provides new results for the species both from a biological and chemical point of view, and has interesting potential to be discovered with the prospect of further studies.
Nitrogen is an important chemical element due to biological reactions, including nutrient cycling. This process transforms organic matter into food for plants and other organisms. Some species can ...absorb the ammonium ion, but this one presents high toxicity. The portion that is most absorbed is nitrate due to its low toxicity, which is generally found in soils, industrial flows and fertilizers. However, the ion presents a danger to human health when present in concentrations higher than 10mg L-1 of N-NO3-, as determined by Resolution 357/2005 of CONAMA in meat, mineral water and aquatic environments. In the present study conducted in rivers of the cities of Paranaguá and Pontal do Paraná, the ion was determined spectrophotometrically at 545nm by the Griess method, with pre-reduction of the nitrate in nitrite, using the metallic zinc as a reducing agent. All the samples evaluated presented values below the limit recommended by CONAMA. These values ranged from 0.03 to 0.69mg L-1 in the low season (September 2016) and 0.00 to 0.07mg L-1 in the high season (March / 2017). The obtained results were compared to others published and that present characteristics similar to the evaluated rivers. It was observed that NO3- concentrations have been increasing continuously, even in small proportions, confirming the occurrence of the eutrophying process.
Abernethy malformation is a rare congenital vascular abnormality in which the portal vein bypasses the liver and drains directly into the inferior vena cava. Diagnosis is complex and requires good ...quality imaging methods to identify details in systemic and portal circulation in order to establish diagnostic confirmation and treatment strategy. In this study we highlight the significance of the use of CT scans and Color Doppler Duplex Ultrasound for the diagnosis, treatment and evolution assessment in two adults with Abernethy malformation.
The diagnosis and the treatment of two patients with Abernethy malformation by CT scan and Color Doppler Duplex Ultrasound is described. One patient was submitted to liver transplantation due to chronic liver disease and multiple nodules diagnosed as adenoma. The other patient had normal liver function and a mild neurological and psychomotor dysfunction, therefore we adopted clinical treatment and close liver parenchyma evaluation and nodule surveillance, using an imaging approach involving intercalating CT scan and Color Doppler Duplex Ultrasound every 6 months. We highlight some important direct and indirect findings of non-invasive imaging methods.
Abernethy malformation requires meticulous image diagnosis to improve treatment and avoid iatrogenic procedures. CT scans and Color Doppler Duplex Ultrasound are both efficient methods for diagnosis, treatment planning and evolution assessment of patients with Abernethy malformation.
Medicamentos fitoterápicos são aqueles feitos exclusivamente de matéria-prima vegetal. O uso destes ocorre há muito tempo para diversos tratamentos, inclusive com função antimicrobiana. O alho ...(Allium sativum L.) é considerado uma especiaria que pertence à família Liliaceae, onde o alho dispõe de diversas, é uma planta rica em alicina possuindo ação antiviral, antifúngica e antibiótica e que tem considerável teor de selênio agindo como antioxidante. Desde a antiguidade, essa planta herbácea, caracterizada por um bulbo (cabeça) dividido em dentes (bulbilhos) é utilizado como alimento ou medicamento. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a ação antimicrobiana do extrato de Allium sativum frente as cepas das bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli. A pesquisa é uma revisão de literatura integrativa que buscou dados nos seguintes bancos: PubMed, ScienceDirect e Scielo. Diversos estudos demonstraram que a associação da antibioticoterapia com extrato aquoso das folhas de alho pode ser vista como uma abordagem terapêutica complementar e promissora para tratamento de doenças bacterianas. Diante disso, infere-se que o uso de fitoterápicos pode trazer benefícios aos indivíduos que fazem consumo de forma regular e controlada, por meio de tratamentos menos agressivos e que apresentam alta eficácia no tratamento de doenças, bem como na manutenção saúde.
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