En este artículo se analiza uno de los mayores riesgos de la aplicación del procedimiento legislativo en lectura única: la eventual violación del ius in officium del parlamentario. Se procede a ...examinar las dos posibles quiebras de este derecho fundamental estudiando, de una parte, el derecho a no tramitar una iniciativa legislativa en lectura única si no concurre alguno de los presupuestos habilitantes establecidos en los arts. 150 del Reglamento del Congreso y 129 del Reglamento del Senado; y de otra, el derecho a presentar enmiendas al articulado en esta vía procesal extraordinaria. Acometemos un riguroso examen de los rasgos esenciales de estos derechos y de las condiciones en las que puede tener lugar su eventual quiebra. Finalmente se pone de relieve la improcedente vinculación establecida en la reciente jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional entre las mayorías parlamentarias con las que se decide este tipo de tramitación y la posibilidad de presentar enmiendas al articulado.
Objectives. To assess the feasibility of a culturally tailored behavioral intervention for improving hypertension-related health behaviors in Hispanic/Latino adults.
Design. Feasibility pilot study ...in a community health center and a Latino organization in Durham, North Carolina.
Intervention. The culturally adapted behavioral intervention consisted of six weekly group sessions incorporating motivational interviewing techniques. Goals included weight loss if overweight, adoption of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern, and increased physical activity. Participants were also encouraged to monitor their daily intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy and fat, and to record physical activity. Cultural adaptations included conducting the study in familiar places, using Spanish-speaking interventionist, culturally appropriate food choices, and physical activity.
Main outcomes. Systolic blood pressure (BP), weight, body mass index (BMI), exercise, and dietary pattern were measured at baseline and at 6 weeks follow-up. Qualitative evaluations of the recruitment process and the intervention were also conducted.
Results. There were 64 potential participants identified via healthcare provider referrals (33%), printed media (23%), and direct contact (44%). Seventeen participants completed the intervention and had main outcome data available. Participants 'strongly agreed/agreed' that the group sessions provided them with the tools they needed to achieve weight loss, BP control, and the possibility of sustaining the lifestyle changes after completing the intervention. At the end of the intervention, all physiological, diet, and exercise outcomes were more favorable, with the exception of fat. After 6 weeks, systolic BP decreased an average of −10.4±10.6 mmHg, weight decreased 1.5±3.2 lbs, BMI decreased 0.3±0.5, and physical activity increased 40 minutes per week.
Conclusion. Our findings suggest that lifestyle interventions for preventing and treating hypertension are feasible and potentially effective in the Hispanic/Latino population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose: Tumor antigen–loaded dendritic cells (DC) are believed to activate antitumor immunity by stimulating T cells, and CTL-associated
antigen 4 (CTLA4)–blocking antibodies should release a key ...negative regulatory pathway on T cells. The combination was tested
in a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced melanoma.
Experimental Design: Autologous DC were pulsed with MART-1 26-35 peptide and administered with a dose escalation of the CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab. Sixteen patients were accrued
to five dose levels. Primary end points were safety and immune effects; clinical efficacy was a secondary end point.
Results: Dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 diarrhea and grade 2 hypophysitis developed in two of three patients receiving tremelimumab
at 10 mg/kg monthly. Four patients had an objective tumor response, two partial responses and two complete responses, all
melanoma free between 2 and 4 years after study initiation. There was no difference in immune monitoring results between patients
with an objective tumor response and those without a response. Exploratory gene expression analysis suggested that immune-related
gene signatures, in particular for B-cell function, may be important in predicting response.
Conclusion: The combination of MART-1 peptide–pulsed DC and tremelimumab results in objective and durable tumor responses at the higher
range of the expected response rate with either agent alone. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6267–76)
CTLA4-blocking antibodies induce tumor regression in a subset of patients with melanoma. Analysis of immune parameters in peripheral blood may help define how responses are mediated.
Peripheral blood ...from HLA-A*0201-positive patients with advanced melanoma receiving tremelimumab (formerly CP-675,206) at 10 mg/kg monthly was repeatedly sampled during the first 4 cycles. Samples were analyzed by 1) tetramer and ELISPOT assays for reactivity to CMV, EBV, MART1, gp100, and tyrosinase; 2) activation HLA-DR and memory CD45RO markers on CD4+/CD8+ cells; and 3) real-time quantitative PCR of mRNA for FoxP3 transcription factor, preferentially expressed by T regulatory cells. The primary endpoint was difference in MART1-specific T cells by tetramer assay. Immunological data were explored for significant trends using clustering analysis.
Three of 12 patients eligible for immune monitoring had tumor regression lasting > 2 years without relapse. There was no significant change in percent of MART1-specific T cells by tetramer assay. Additionally, there was no generalized trend toward postdosing changes in other antigen-specific CD8+ cell populations, FoxP3 transcripts, or overall changes in surface expression of T-cell activation or memory markers. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on immune monitoring data segregated patients randomly. However, clustering according to T-cell activation or memory markers separated patients with clinical response and most patients with inflammatory toxicity into a common subgroup.
Administration of CTLA4-blocking antibody tremelimumab to patients with advanced melanoma results in a subset of patients with long-lived tumor responses. T-cell activation and memory markers served as the only readout of the pharmacodynamic effects of this antibody in peripheral blood.
NCT00086489.
El artículo 150 del Reglamento del Congreso de los Diputados establece que, cuando la naturaleza de un proyecto o proposición de ley tomada en consideración lo aconseje o la simplicidad de su ...formulación lo permita, el Pleno de la Cámara, a propuesta de la Mesa, oída la Junta de Portavoces, podrá acordar que se tramite directamente y en lectura única. En este trabajo se analiza, de una parte, si la decisión de optar por este cauce procesal abreviado es un juicio meramente político que debe adoptar el órgano plenario y, si al hacerlo de ese modo, se está dando cumplimiento o no al cometido que el Reglamento Parlamentario encomienda a la Mesa de la Cámara. Concretamente, examinamos si para que el Pleno pueda finalmente decidir que la tramitación de una concreta iniciativa sea a través de esta vía procesal extraordinaria es inexcusable la propuesta previa de la Mesa de la Cámara y si este órgano de gobierno puede y debe revisar la concurrencia de los presupuestos habilitantes previstos por el Reglamento Parlamentario antes de hacer la propuesta. Proponemos al respecto una reinterpretación del alcance de esta facultad de la Mesa separándonos del criterio doctrinal mayoritario. Asimismo, acometemos un análisis detallado de la fase del procedimiento en la que se debe decidir la tramitación de una iniciativa por el procedimiento en lectura única para, seguidamente, plantear aquellas soluciones alternativas que, en nuestro criterio, resultan más oportunas y compatibles con la actual redacción del Reglamento Parlamentario. Finalmente se analiza si la decisión que adopta cada una de las Cámaras acerca de la tramitación de una iniciativa legislativa por esta vía procesal abreviada en un determinado momento y ante la concurrencia de unas concretas circunstancias vincula o no a la otra Cámara con respecto a esa misma iniciativa. Estudiaremos, asimismo, el valor que adquiere el precedente parlamentario en relación a otras iniciativas de similar condición y pondremos de manifiesto la relevancia que alcanza la dicotomía existente entre mayorías simples y reforzadas con respecto a la toma de decisiones relativas a la adopción de este cauce procesal extraordinario.
El procedimiento legislativo abreviado en lectura única es una técnica utilizada muy frecuentemente por el legislador, que le permite prescindir de la fase de estudio y debate de las iniciativas ...legislativas por la Comisión correspondiente. Pese al notable impacto que para el correcto ejercicio del ius in officium de los parlamentarios puede tener la opción por este tipo de trámite legislativo y a la enorme relevancia de las decisiones legislativas que se han adoptado a través de la aplicación del mismo, son todavía escasas las aportaciones doctrinales y jurisprudenciales de las que disponemos para poder categorizar correctamente los elementos nucleares de esta variante procedimental. Este trabajo pretende aportar, en apretada síntesis, las claves fundamentales a las que el operador jurídico, particularmente los órganos de gobierno de las Cámaras, debe atender a la hora de adoptar la decisión de tramitar un proyecto o proposición de ley en lectura única.
1. COMPETENT BODIES TO DECIDE THE PROCESS OF SINGLE READING. 1.1 The competences of the Table and the limits of the enabling circumstances. 1.2 The procedural conditions of the decision of the Full ...House. 2. THE PROCEDURAL MOMENT OF THE DECISION TO OPT FOR A SINGLE READING: AN ALTERNATIVE PROPOSAL. 3. HOW TO MAKE THE DECISION TO PROCEED WITH SINGLE READING. 3.1 The value of parliamentary precedent. 3.2 The dichotomy simple majority vs reinforced majority. 4. CONCLUSIONS. 5. Bibliography. Abstract The article 150 of the Rules of Congress of Deputies establishes that, if proposed by the Table of the House, and once heard by the all Party Assembly, the Full House can agree to process an initiative directly and in a single reading. We will also analyse, on one hand, whether the option to choose this abbreviated legal channel is simply a political judgement which the Full House should adopt, and thus comply or not with the task which the Parliamentary Rules has entrusted to the Table of the House. On the other hand we will study whether the Full House can finally decide to process a particular initiative through this legal channel or if the previous proposal to the Table of the House is necessary, and whether this governmental body should comply -with the production of a strictly techno/juridical judgement- to the proposals established by juridical order for the processing of a legislative initiative using the procedure of a single reading. For this reason we will study whether the proposal for process by single reading by the Table is obligatory or not, even in the case in which after being seen by the all Party Assembly it is verified that the Plenary will vote in majority in favour of implementing this abbreviated legislative procedure. Also, we will undertake a detailed analysis of the procedural moment in which the process of an initiative with a single reading should be decided, and thus present alternative solutions which, to our judgement, are more appropriate and compatible with the current Parliamentary Rules. Finally, we will undertake an exhaustive examination of the value acquired by the parliamentary precedent in this type of abbreviated legislative procedure and show the level of relevance reached by the existing dichotomy between simple and absolute parliamentary majorities with respect to decision making relative to the adoption of this legal channel.
α-Fetoprotein (AFP) is a self protein expressed by fetal liver at high levels, but is transcriptionally repressed at birth.
AFP is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinomas, and patients with active ...disease could have plasma levels as high as 1 mg/mL.
We previously identified four immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted peptides hAFP 137-145 (PLFQVPEPV), hAFP 158-166 (FMNKFIYEI), hAFP 325-334 (GLSPNLNRFL), and hAFP 542-550 (GVALQTMKQ) derived from human AFP that could stimulate specific T cell responses in healthy donor peripheral blood lymphocytes
in vitro . We conducted a phase I/II clinical trial in which HLA-A*0201 patients with AFP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma were immunized
with three biweekly intradermal vaccinations of the four AFP peptides pulsed onto autologous dendritic cells (DC). DCs were
prepared from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and
interleukin-4 for 7 days. Sixteen subjects were enrolled and 10 were treated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from
these patients before, during, and after AFP peptide/DC immunization and were tested ex vivo with MHC tetramer and IFNγ ELISPOT analysis. Six of 10 subjects expanded statistically significant levels of AFP-specific
T cells postvaccine to at least one peptide by MHC tetramer. Also, 6 of 10 subjects increased IFNγ producing AFP-specific
T cell responses to at least one of the peptides postvaccination, by ELISPOT. We conclude that the human T cell repertoire
is capable of responding to the AFP self antigen after the administration of AFP peptide-pulsed DC even in an environment
of high circulating levels of this oncofetal antigen.
Este trabajo realiza una revisión crítica de la novedosa regulación del procedimiento legislativo en lectura única del Reglamento parlamentario de la Asamblea Regional de Murcia. Esta nueva normativa ...corrige alguno de los importantes errores técnicos que contenía la anterior, pero pierde la oportunidad de subsanar otros e, incluso, agrava algunos de los ya existentes. Se hace propuesta de lege ferenda.
This paper makes a critical review of the new regulation of the legislative procedure in single reading included in the 2019 parliamentary regulation of the Murcia Regional Assembly. This new regulation corrects some of the important technical errors contained in the previous regulation, but it loses the opportunity to correct others and even aggravates some of the existing ones. A lege ferenda proposal is made.
Purpose: CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4)-blocking monoclonal antibodies induce long-term regression of metastatic melanoma in some
patients, but the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, ...biopsies of selected accessible tumor lesions from patients treated
with tremelimumab were examined to further elucidate the mechanism of its antitumor activity.
Experimental Design: Fifteen tumor biopsies from 7 patients who had been treated with tremelimumab (CP-675,206) were collected. Samples were analyzed
for melanoma markers, immune cell subset markers, the presence of the T regulatory-specific transcription factor FoxP3 and
the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO).
Results: Clinically responding lesions had diffuse intratumoral infiltrates of CD8 + T cells that were markedly increased in cases where comparison with a baseline biopsy was available. Nonregressing lesions
had sparse, patchy CD8 + intratumoral infiltrates. Patients with regressing lesions had an increased frequency of CD8 + cells with or without a concomitant increase in CD4 + cells. Two of 3 responding patients with paired samples showed a slight increase in the number of FoxP3 + cells in the postdosing biopsies. In patients with regressing lesions who had paired samples, the intensity of IDO staining
in macrophages and/or melanoma cells showed no clear pattern of change postdosing.
Conclusions: Administration of tremelimumab was associated with massive intratumoral infiltrates of CD8 + CTLs in patients with regressing tumors but had varying effects on intratumoral infiltrates of CD4 + and FoxP3 + cells or intratumoral expression of IDO.
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