Multiple sclerosis poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for healthcare professionals, with a high risk of misdiagnosis and difficulties in assessing therapeutic effectiveness. Artificial ...intelligence, particularly machine learning and deep neural networks, emerges as a promising tool to address these challenges. These technologies have the capability to analyze a wide range of data, from magnetic resonance imaging to genetic information, to provide more accurate diagnoses, classify multiple sclerosis subtypes, and predict disease progression and treatment response with extraordinary precision. However, their implementation raises ethical dilemmas, such as accountability in case of errors and the risk of excessive reliance on healthcare personnel. That said, this manuscript aims to urge healthcare professionals dedicated to the care and research of multiple sclerosis patients to recognize artificial intelligence as a valuable and complementary resource in their clinical practice. It also seeks to emphasize the importance of integrating this type of technology safely and responsibly, thereby ensuring the ethics and welfare of patients.
In small, open, mineral-export based economies, the economic growth of some medium sized cities is linked to cycles of boom and bust of export revenues due to commodity price volatility. We propose ...to explain urban economic growth in terms of real estate investment and private consumption as a function of commodity exports, wages and financial liquidity by employing “Dutch disease” and the “secondary circuit” of capital as theoretical references. Monthly data (2005–2015) from three mining-related cities are used in order to estimate these effects using linear regression models. Results show some general features like the outstanding influence of mining and other wages rather than export revenues on retail in most cities. Divergent results are observed regarding real estate investment being mining wages, financial liquidity, exports and also loans explanatory factors. Thus it could be shown that the main vehicle for spill-over from mining to urban economies is private household income and its distribution in space. Furthermore by calculating separate models for each city, important differences among contrasting types of cities appear. The importance of discussing the impacts of mining on economic development on a local, rather than on a national scale and of considering wages more systematically in the theoretical discussion of secondary and linkage effects of mining and in the design of public policy on commodity based development is evident.
•Local impacts of mining show contrasting patterns according to the type of city.•An outstanding importance of wages is observed when explaining retail sales.•Depending on the city, real estate investments strongly rely on financial liquidity, on loans, or mining revenues.•Theoretical development needs to focus on local scale and wages.
El objetivo principal de este proyecto fue desarrollar correlaciones para determinar el potenciala licuefacción de depósitos de arenas sueltas empleando el ensayo de penetración estáticade piezocono ...CPTu; para ello fue necesario determinar el comportamiento de ensayos (CPTu)en la cámara de calibración (CC) del Laboratorio de Mecánica de Suelos y Rocas (IBF) en elInstituto Tecnológico de Karlruhe, además determinar la resistencia a licuefacción por mediode ensayos triaxiales cíclicos no drenados para muestras de arena, plantear una correlaciónentre la densidad relativa de almacenamiento (ID) de la muestra, la resistencia de punta(qc) del CPTu y la resistencia al flujo (CRR) de los ensayos triaxiales y por último compararla correlación experimental obtenida con correlaciones existentes de la literatura. Con esteproyecto se concluyó que en la región de bajas densidades de almacenamiento y bajasresistencias en punta una buena similitud, esto al comparar las correlaciones para los materialesexperimentales estudiados por el IBF con correlaciones provenientes de la literatura. Ahora bien,para densidades altas y, por lo tanto, mayores resistencias en punta, las curvas de correlaciónpara los materiales experimentales fueron más planas que en referencias bibliográficas; enotras palabras, la resistencia a licuefacción de los materiales experimentales en esta área esmenor de lo que habrían predicho las curvas de la literatura. Así pues, no es posible aplicardirectamente los resultados de este proyecto a otros sitios de estudio; ya que los materialesde las correlaciones realizadas (Kali4) y otros suelos difieren en aspectos como la mineralogía(criterios geológicos), la granulometría y la forma de partícula (criterios de composición); loscuales influyen sobre la susceptibilidad a la licuación.
This piece contrasts two ontological views of perceptual experience: on the one hand, Experiential Heracliteanism, a view according to which the intuitively dynamic character of experience should be ...described – and probably accounted for – in irreducibly dynamic terms; and, on the other, Experiential non‐Heracliteanism, a stance according to which perceptual experience may at least be described – if not explained – in terms of nondynamic constituents. I specially strive (1) to frame both proposals against the backdrop of a venerable Heraclitean metaphor and (2) to highlight the virtues of Experiential non‐Heracliteanism against its currently sexier Heraclitean counterpart.
Current philosophical debates about perception have largely ignored questions concerning the ontological structure of perceptual experience, so as to focus on its intentional and phenomenological ...character. To illustrate and put pressure on this tendency, I revisit the controversy between doxastic views of perception and Gareth Evans’s objection from over-intellectualization. I suggest that classic versions of the doxastic view are to a good extent driven by an ontological characterization of perceptual attitudes as nonfactive states or dispositions, not by a cognitively complex picture of perceptual content. Conceived along these lines, the doxastic view unveils an ontologically significant story of perceptual experience for at least two reasons: on the one hand, that characterization avoids the line of reasoning leading up to sense-datum theories of perception; and, on the other, it bears on recent discussions about the temporal structure of perceptual experience. Although I do not endorse the doxastic view, my goal is to highlight the importance of the relatively neglected ontological motivations thus driving that kind of account.
Abstract
A large dataset of detrital zircon U–Pb ages (
N
= 5940) of Aptian‐Albian strata of the Colombian‐Ecuadorian retroarc region suggests that these rocks were sourced from Proterozoic cratonic ...and Permian–Triassic to Cretaceous rocks of the Andean proto‐Cordilleras. The nonconformity between Aptian‐Albian strata and Proterozoic rocks of the Garzón Massif indicates the existence of positive relief in this region. Topographic highs could have caused local basin compartmentalization and the prevalence of a localized provenance of coeval strata. Areas of positive relief were seemingly exposed to intense chemical weathering as suggested by the high Chemical Index of Alteration values, and low Rb/Sr and SiO
2
/Al
2
O
3
ratios of analysed strata. Our results highlight the value of provenance analysis to study the ancient topography of retroarc systems and open the avenue for further research on the role of extensional tectonics in the topographic and basin evolution in the Andes.
The phenomenon of urbanization of cities has been the subject of numerous studies and evaluation protocols proposing to analyze the degree of economic and social sustainability of development ...projects. Through careful research and synthesis of the theoretical framework regarding residential properties’ performance measurement and forecasting, this paper goes deeper into the proposition of property development as an asset class that represents the biggest share of the Italian property market and yet is avoided by the big portfolios. The analysis model was applied to the city of Milan and its Metropolitan Area. The method is based on the development of correlation indices to evaluate different behaviors, through time and a Geographic Information System (GIS) based on the Hedonic Price Method (HPM). Results from a hedonic model estimated for several recent years suggest that, depending on the particular view, the relation between the rent/price performance and the different external and intrinsic variables can represent a useful parameter for evaluating the feasibility of different real estate investments.
Artisanal and small‐scale gold mining (ASGM) is the principal anthropogenic activity that globally contributes to overloading our environment with mercury. Although the Minamata Convention, led by ...the United Nations, is a crucial instrument to eliminate its use progressively, novel approaches to accelerate this difficult transition are welcome. This article proposes a framework for policy‐making or improvement, fostering the enforcement of mercury elimination through the lens of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on the excluded artisanal and small‐scale gold miners and their dependents. We move forward with a literature review of the Artisanal and Small Mining topic, taking each SDG as a unit of analysis. Understanding the problem as a puzzle of four sets of pieces, namely: (1) social, (2) environmental, (3) economic, and (4) institutional, the paper offers potential opportunities for the decision‐makers and practitioners to accelerate the substitution of this heavy metal and develop sustainable futures for the ASGM communities. We conclude by proposing a pragmatic framework that synthesizes the means, actions, and ends to accelerate a sustainable transition.
The present work aims to explore the model given by Lanczos-Lovelock gravity theories indexed by a fixed integer to require a unique anti–de Sitter vacuum, dressed by a scalar field nonminimal ...coupling. For this model, we add a special matter source characterized by a nonlinear Maxwell field coupling with a function depending on the scalar field. Computing its thermodynamics parameters by using the Euclidean action, we obtain interesting and nonzero thermodynamical quantities, unlike its original version, allowing to analyze thermodynamical stability. Together with the above, we find that these solutions satisfy the first law of thermodynamics as well as a Smarr relation.
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