Antibiotic‐resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from saladette and red round type tomatoes, and an analysis done of the antibacterial activity of roselle calyx extracts against any of the ...identified strains. One hundred saladette tomato samples and 100 red round tomato samples were collected from public markets. Each sample consisted of four whole tomatoes. Salmonella was isolated from the samples by conventional culture procedure. Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was tested for the isolated Salmonella strains by standard test. The antibacterial effect of four roselle calyx extracts (water, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate), sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid against antibiotic‐resistant Salmonella isolates was evaluated on contaminated tomatoes. Twenty‐four Salmonella strains were isolated from 12% of each tomato type. Identified Salmonella serotypes were Typhimurium and Typhi. All isolated strains exhibited resistance to at least three antibiotics and some to as many as 12. Over contaminated tomatoes, the roselle calyx extracts produced a greater reduction (2–2·6 log) in antibiotic‐resistant Salmonella strain concentration than sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The presence of multidrug‐resistant Salmonella in vegetables is a significant public health concern. Multidrug‐resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from raw tomatoes purchased in public markets in Mexico and challenged with roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. On tomatoes, the extracts caused a greater reduction in the concentration of antibiotic‐resistant Salmonella strains than sodium hypochlorite and acetic acid. Roselle calyx extracts are a potentially useful addition to disinfection procedures of raw tomatoes in the field, processing plants, restaurants and homes.
Suspected or confirmed antibiotic allergy is a frequent clinical circumstance that influences antimicrobial prescription and often leads to the avoidable use of less efficacious and/or more toxic or ...costly drugs than first-line antimicrobials. Optimizing antimicrobial therapy in patients with antibiotic allergy labels has become one of the priorities of antimicrobial stewardship programs in several countries. These guidelines aim to make recommendations for the systematic approach to patients with suspected or confirmed antibiotic allergy based on current evidence. An expert panel (11 members of various scientific societies) formulated questions about the management of patients with suspected or confirmed antibiotic allergy. A systematic literature review was performed by a medical librarian. The questions were distributed among panel members who selected the most relevant references, summarized the evidence, and formulated graded recommendations when possible. The answers to all the questions were finally reviewed by all panel members. A systematic approach to patients with suspected or confirmed antibiotic allergy was recommended to improve antibiotic selection and, consequently, clinical outcomes. A clinically oriented, 3-category risk-stratification strategy was recommended for patients with suspected antibiotic allergy. Complementary assessments should consider both clinical risk category and preferred antibiotic agent. Empirical therapy recommendations for the most relevant clinical syndromes in patients with suspected or confirmed ß-lactam allergy were formulated, as were recommendations on the implementation and monitoring of the impact of the guidelines. Antimicrobial stewardship programs and allergists should design and implement activities that facilitate the most appropriate use of antibiotics in these patients.
In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to ...Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies.
Real-life data associated with experimental outcomes are not always real-valued. In particular, opinions, perceptions, ratings, etc., are often assumed to be vague in nature, especially when they ...come from human valuations. Fuzzy numbers have extensively been considered to provide us with a convenient tool to express these vague data. In analyzing fuzzy data from a statistical perspective one finds two key obstacles, namely, the nonlinearity associated with the usual arithmetic with fuzzy data and the lack of suitable models and limit results for the distribution of fuzzy-valued statistics. These obstacles can be frequently bypassed by using an appropriate metric between fuzzy data, the notion of random fuzzy set and a bootstrapped central limit theorem for general space-valued random elements. This paper aims to review these ideas and a methodology for the statistical analysis of fuzzy number data which has been developed along the last years.
•Review on distances between fuzzy number-valued data for statistics.•Random fuzzy numbers and related summary measures.•Review on the statistical analysis of fuzzy number-valued data.
"This paper explores the rendition possibilities of English deaccenting by anaphora rule (given information) in Spanish voice-over translation by means of a study of 9 unscripted programmes, ...including documentaries, reality shows and news interviews. The intonational component of source languages in translation has barely gained any attention in Audiovisual Translation (AVT), even when English prosody is immensely rich from a communicative and pragmatic perspective. In addition, we cannot expect to find a one-to-one relationship between the intonational systems of source and target languages, nor consider all parts of the source text equally relevant. For this reason, the deaccenting of old information in oral English and the pragmatic and illocutionary load that it carries need to be properly rendered in the target language, in our case Spanish, by means of the resources available in this language, which may not only be prosodic, but also syntactic and semantic."
In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to ...Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC, have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies.
The development of accurate bioenergetic models, that simulate scenarios for decision making and policy planning contributions, has become a necessity in the actual climate crisis context. The ...objective of this work is to develop a multicriteria methodology to evaluate scenarios for assessing a region's bioenergetic potential and determining optimal location of biopower plants. This method utilizes a geographic information system that incorporates local biomass distribution, crop harvest statistics, detailed yield data, preference and exclusion maps. The approach examines the current local use of residues in the context of long-term soil preservation, employing sustainable residue removal. When it is applied to the Province of Córdoba, Argentina, specifically assessing main agricultural harvest residues, the model identifies 1.8 million tn/year of theoretical residues, primarily from corn and soybean, revalorizing only 4.1% of the available harvest agricultural residues. When employing the most commonly used approaches in the literature, which involves average crop yield values for extensive regions, our results show an underestimation of theoretical biomass up to 26%. This makes it essential to incorporate greater detail in the modeling. After optimizing five biopower plants, each with a collection radius of 60 km, it becomes possible to convert 59% of these residues into bioenergy, generating 2.3 GWh/year, covering up to 23.3% of Córdoba's annual electricity demand. The novelty of this research resides in the development of a high detailed multicriteria methodology, which facilitates the fast simulation of scenarios to identify optimal biopower plant locations, applicability to different biomass types and bioenergy forms for extensive regions.
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One of the keys of Zola’s literary success relies on the integration of scientific developments from the 19th century into the narrative texts in such a natural way that only someone with a deep ...knowledge of both criticism and literature would be able to. This stylistic perfection is the result of a trial and error process that culminates in Les Rougon Macquart but in which Madeleine Férat and its approach to telegony play an outstanding but unknown role. This reproductive theory is at the same time an excuse to undergo a deep analysis of the bourgeoisie but also the beginning of the productive rela-tionship between science and literature, a major feature in Naturalism.
This study focuses on American writer and activist Helen Hunt Jackson and aims to explain why her romance Ramona (1884), originally intended as a form of literary activism on behalf of California’s ...Native Americans, failed to effect actual change in the situation of the state’s indigenous population and, instead, ended up as an accomplice in the late 19th-century development of Anglo California. Said development brought along not only the advance of railroad companies, real-estate investors and the tourist industry, but, most poignantly, the displacement and consequent genocide of its Native inhabitants. All in all, the paper will prove that a social and political vision like Jackson’s, weighed down by the systems of imperialism and capitalism, as well as the oppressive discourses of racism and sexism, was bound to entrench economic, sexual and racial inequalities despite its good intentions.
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