Synopsis
With 100% COVID‐19 vaccination among pregnant women during May and June of 2021, the overall predicted number of maternal deaths for 2021 in Mexico would significantly decrease.
The perinatal consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection are still largely unknown. This study aimed to describe the features and outcomes of pregnant women with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection after the ...universal screening was established in a large tertiary care center admitting only obstetric related conditions without severe COVID-19 in Mexico City. This retrospective case-control study integrates data between April 22 and May 25, 2020, during active community transmission in Mexico, with one of the highest COVID-19 test positivity percentages worldwide. Only pregnant women and neonates with a SARS-CoV-2 result by quantitative RT-PCR were included in this study. Among 240 pregnant women, the prevalence of COVID-19 was 29% (95% CI, 24% to 35%); 86% of the patients were asymptomatic (95% CI, 76%-92%), nine women presented mild symptoms, and one patient moderate disease. No pregnancy baseline features or risk factors associated with severity of infection, including maternal age > 35 years, Body Mass Index >30 kg/m2, and pre-existing diseases, differed between positive and negative women. The median gestational age at admission for both groups was 38 weeks. All women were discharged at home without complications, and no maternal death was reported. The proportion of preeclampsia was higher in positive women than negative women (18%, 95% CI, 10%-29% vs. 9%, 95% CI, 5%-14%, P<0.05). No differences were found for other perinatal outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 test result was positive for nine infants of positive mothers detected within 24h of birth. An increased number of infected neonates were admitted to the NICU, compared to negative neonates (44% vs. 22%, P<0.05) and had a longer length of hospitalization (2 2-18 days vs. 2 2-3 days, P<0.001); these are potential proxies for illness severity. This report highlights the importance of COVID-19 detection at delivery in pregnant women living in high transmission areas.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To date, mother‐to‐fetus transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, remains controversial. ...Although placental COVID‐19 infection has been documented in some cases during the second‐ and third‐trimesters, no reports are available for the first trimester of pregnancy, and no SARS‐CoV‐2 protein has been found in fetal tissues. We studied the placenta and fetal organs from an early pregnancy miscarriage in a COVID‐19 maternal infection by immunohistochemical, reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy methods. SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid protein, viral RNA, and particles consistent with coronavirus were found in the placenta and fetal tissues, accompanied by RNA replication revealed by double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) positive immunostain. Prominent damage of the placenta and fetal organs were associated with a hyperinflammatory process identified by histological examination and immunohistochemistry. The findings provided in this study document that congenital SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is possible during the first trimester of pregnancy and that fetal organs, such as lung and kidney, are targets for coronavirus. The infection and multi‐organic fetal inflammation produced by SARS‐CoV‐2 during early pregnancy should alert clinicians in the assessment and management of pregnant women for possible fetal consequences and adverse perinatal outcomes.
(1) This study aimed to evaluate characteristics, perinatal outcomes, and placental pathology of pregnant women with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of maternal PCR cycle threshold ...(CT) values. (2) This was a retrospective case-control study in a third-level health center in Mexico City with universal screening by RT-qPCR. The association of COVID-19 manifestations, preeclampsia, and preterm birth with maternal variables and CT values were assessed by logistic regression models and decision trees. (3) Accordingly, 828 and 298 women had a negative and positive test, respectively. Of those positive, only 2.6% of them presented mild to moderate symptoms. Clinical characteristics between both groups of women were similar. No associations between CT values were found for maternal features, such as pre-gestational BMI, age, and symptomatology. A significantly higher percentage of placental fibrinoid was seen with women with low CTs (<25; p < 0.01). Regarding perinatal outcomes, preeclampsia was found to be significantly associated with symptomatology but not with risk factors or CT values (p < 0.01, aOR = 14.72). Moreover, 88.9% of women diagnosed with COVID-19 at <35 gestational weeks and symptomatic developed preeclampsia. (4) The data support strong guidance for pregnancies with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular preeclampsia and placental pathology, which need further investigation.
the purpose of the present study was to describe some perinatal outcomes in two groups of pregnant adolescents: one group with history of sexual abuse and one group without sexual abuse antecedent.
...we designed an observational, retrolective study. Participants were primigravid adolescents between 10 to 16 years, with a singleton pregnancy, and at least three prenatal medical evaluations. Participants were grouped according to sexual abuse antecedent: 55 adolescents had sexual abuse antecedent, and 110 participants had not sexual abuse antecedent. We obtained the clinical data from medical records: socio-demographic characteristics, sexually transmitted infections, illicit drugs use, pre-gestational body mass index, gestational weight gain, and newborn weight. The data were analyzed using association tests and mean comparisons.
the adolescents with sexual abuse history had higher prevalence of human papilloma virus infection. The newborns weight of mothers without sexual abuse antecedent was about 200 grams higher than the newborns of mothers with sexual abuse antecedent (p = 0.002); while the length of the first group was 2 centimeters longer than the length of the newborns on the second group (p = 0.001). Gestational weight increase was 5 kilograms lower in adolescents with sexual abuse antecedent compared to adolescent without the antecedent (p = 0.005). Illicit drug use was similar in the two groups and it was associated to low newborn weight.
the sexual abuse antecedent in pregnant adolescents was associated to higher frequency of human papilloma virus infections, lower newborn weight, and lower gestational weight increase on pregnant adolescents.
Passive transplacental immunity is crucial for neonatal protection from infections. Data on the correlation between neonatal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and protection from adverse outcomes is scarce. ...This work aimed to describe neonatal seropositivity in the context of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, seropositivity, and neonatal outcomes. This retrospective nested case-control study enrolled high-risk pregnant women with a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive test who gave birth at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatología in Mexico City and their term neonates. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in maternal and cord blood samples were detected using a chemiluminescent assay. In total, 63 mother-neonate dyads (mean gestational age 38.4 weeks) were included. Transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG occurred in 76% of neonates from seropositive mothers. A positive association between maternal IgG levels and Cycle threshold (Ct) values of RT-qPCR test for SARS-CoV-2 with neonatal IgG levels was observed. Regarding neonatal outcomes, most seropositive neonates did not require any mechanical ventilation, and none developed any respiratory morbidity (either in the COVID-19 positive or negative groups) compared to 7 seronegative neonates. Furthermore, the odds of neonatal respiratory morbidity exhibited a tendency to decrease when neonatal IgG levels increase. These results add further evidence suggesting passive IgG transfer importance.
Background. Maternal metabolic changes impact fetal metabolism resulting in a higher risk for developing chronic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ...maternal and fetal adipokine and lipid profiles, as well as the influence of maternal weight on this association. Methods. Healthy pregnant women at term who delivered by C-section were enrolled. Maternal and fetal glucose, lipid profile, adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were analyzed by obesity and maternal weight gain. Statistics included descriptives, correlations, and mean differences (SPSS v20.0). Results. Adiponectin and resistin concentrations were higher in fetal blood, while leptin was lower ( p < 0.05 ). A significant inverse association between maternal resistin and fetal LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) ( r = - 0.327 ; p = 0.022 ) was observed. A positive correlation was found between maternal and fetal resistin ( r = 0.358 ; p = 0.013 ). Women with excessive weight gain had higher leptin levels and their fetuses showed higher LDL-C levels ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. Maternal resistin showed an inverse association with fetal LDL-C, suggesting that maternal adiposity status may play an active role in the regulation of fetal lipid profile and consequently, in fetal programming. Excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy may exert an effect over metabolic mediators in both mother and newborn.
Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: La incidencia de percretismo varía de 5-7% y de ésta, 78% corresponde a complicaciones relacionadas con la cirugía. Hasta la fecha existen pocos casos reportados de dehiscencia ...de cistorrafia posterior a la embolización de arterias uterinas. CASOS CLÍNICOS: Caso 1. Paciente de 34 años, con embarazo de 36 semanas y diagnóstico de acretismo placentario. El tratamiento consistió en embolización de arterias uterinas e histerectomía subtotal, con lesión vesical reparada sin complicaciones. Dos semanas después del alta hospitalaria acudió a consulta por pérdida de orina y fiebre (pielonefritis aguda); se estableció el diagnóstico de dehiscencia de cistorrafia por tomografía y cistografía retrógrada. Se realizó cateterización ureteral bilateral, laparotomía exploradora con traquelectomía, resección de los bordes necróticos vesicales y cistorrafia. Caso 2. Paciente de 30 años, con embarazo de 37 semanas y acretismo placentario; se aplicó tratamiento similar al caso 1, del que devino una lesión vesical reparada sin complicaciones. Durante la hospitalización permaneció en vigilancia por hemorragia obstétrica e infección urinaria con mala evolución; dos semanas después tuvo pérdida de orina, por lo que se efectuaron: cistoscopia, tomografía y cistografía retrógrada. Se estableció el diagnóstico de dehiscencia de cistorrafia. Durante la cirugía se localizó el defecto por cistoscopia e histeroscopia, se cateterizaron los uréteres de ambos lados; posteriormente, mediante acceso laparoscópico, se resecaron los bordes vesicales necróticos y se complementó con cistorrafia. Ambas pacientes evolucionaron sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIÓN: La dehiscencia de cistorrafia en pacientes con embolización de arterias uterinas es una complicación excepcional. La sospecha diagnóstica y el tratamiento oportunos, con resección de los bordes necróticos y cistorrafia, se asocian con mayor tasa de éxito.
COVID-19 symptoms vary widely among pregnant women. We aimed to assess the most frequent symptoms amongst pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a tertiary hospital in Mexico City.
A ...cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City was performed. All women who attended the hospital, despite their symptoms, were tested for SARS-CoV-2. A multivariate-age-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the association between the main outcome and each characteristic of the clinical history.
A total of 1880 women were included in the data analysis. Among all women, 30.74% (
= 578) had a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 from which 2.7 (
= 50) were symptomatic. Symptoms associated with a positive PCR result were headache (
=.01), dyspnea (
=.043), and myalgia (
=.043).
At universal screening for SARS-CoV-2, one-third of the population had a positive result, while those symptoms associated with a positive PCR were headache, dyspnea, and myalgia.
Resumen OBJETIVO Ofrecer al clínico la evidencia científica más reciente en lo relativo a algunos aspectos de la atención de pacientes con ruptura prematura pretérmino de membranas que han generado ...debate, controversia y, en algunos momentos, opiniones divergentes que condicionan la toma de decisiones basadas en criterios con un débil rigor científico que se reflejan en morbilidad perinatal significativa. MÉTODO Búsqueda en PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct, Practice Guidelines Internacional Networks de artículos publicados en inglés entre los años 2014 a 2016 con las siguientes palabras clave (Mesh): Preterm premature rupture of membranes; diagnostic tests in premature rupture of preterm membranes; pulmonary maturity scheme; antibiotic therapy in premature rupture of preterm membranes; pulmonary maturity tests; fetal inflammatory response syndrome; fetal well-being tests; chorioamnionitis. Criterios de inclusión: revisiones sistemáticas, metanálisis y ensayos clínicos controlados con metodología de medicina basada en evidencias, con consistencia y claridad en las recomendaciones seleccionadas. RESULTADOS Se seleccionaron 70 artículos, entre estos 5 guías internacionales de práctica clínica y 45 artículos. Al final se excluyeron 20 artículos porque el diseño era de casos y controles, ensayos clínicos no controlados y sus recomendaciones no eran concluyentes porque su nivel de evidencia era bajo. CONCLUSIONES El uso racional de los diversos instrumentos de diagnóstico permite ser más eficaces y eficientes en la utilización de los recursos, y la identificación de fetos que podrían beneficiarse de una conducta expectante versus resolutiva y, viceversa. La comprensión y aplicación de lo aquí expuesto puede contribuir a disminuir la incidencia de desenlaces neonatales adversos asociados con procesos infecciosos directamente relacionados con la morbilidad y secuelas neurológicas a corto y mediano plazo. Se planteó el tratamiento de la ruptura prematura pretérmino de membranas en algoritmos aplicables en la práctica clínica.
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