Service Robots: Trends and Technology Gonzalez-Aguirre, Juan Angel; Osorio-Oliveros, Ricardo; Rodríguez-Hernández, Karen L. ...
Applied sciences,
11/2021, Letnik:
11, Številka:
22
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The 2021 sales volume in the market of service robots is attractive. Expert reports from the International Federation of Robotics confirm 27 billion USD in total market share. Moreover, the number of ...new startups with the denomination of service robots nowadays constitutes 29% of the total amount of robotic companies recorded in the United States. Those data, among other similar figures, remark the need for formal development in the service robots area, including knowledge transfer and literature reviews. Furthermore, the COVID-19 spread accelerated business units and some research groups to invest time and effort into the field of service robotics. Therefore, this research work intends to contribute to the formalization of service robots as an area of robotics, presenting a systematic review of scientific literature. First, a definition of service robots according to fundamental ontology is provided, followed by a detailed review covering technological applications; state-of-the-art, commercial technology; and application cases indexed on the consulted databases.
Plum edible part was used to obtained extracts by during a 4 h maceration process using three different solvents (ethanol, methanol and water) for the determination of total phenols and flavonoids, ...antioxidant capacity by (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hemolysis inhibition in human blood assays. Subsequently, phenolic compounds were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS). The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of plum fruit being a good source of phenolic (12⁻18 mg GAE/g FW) and flavonoids (2.3⁻2.5 mg QE/g FW) content in both varieties of plum. Also, the fruits proved a good source of antioxidants as measured by DPPH and ABTS; likewise, plum aqueous extracts showed the highest protective effect on human erythrocytes with 74.34 and 64.62% for yellow and red plum, respectively. A total of 23 bioactive compounds were identified by UPLC-MS, including gallic acid, rutin, resorcinol, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and ellagic acid, and the antioxidant capacity can be attributed to these species. The edible part of plum contains compounds of biological interest, suggesting that this fruit has antioxidant potential that can be exploited for various technologies.
This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles embedded in ...polypropylene (PP). The solvent casting method was used to synthesize films of PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFe2O4, which were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the small crystallite sizes of NiO and NiFe2O4 NPs were maintained even after they were incorporated into the PP matrix. From the Raman scattering spectroscopy data, it was evident that there was a significant interaction between the NPs and the PP matrix. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of NiO and NiFe2O4 NPs throughout the PP matrix. The incorporation of the NPs was observed to alter the surface roughness of the films; this behavior was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial properties of all films were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC®: 43636™) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC®: 23235™), two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The PP@NiO and PP@ NiFe2O4 films showed over 90% bacterial growth inhibition for both strains. Additionally, the effects of the films on human skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were evaluated for cytotoxicity. The PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFe2O4 films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes. Furthermore, compared to the PP film, improved biocompatibility of the PP@NiFe2O4 film with human fibroblasts was observed. The methodology utilized in this study allows for the production of hybrid films that can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa. These films have potential as coating materials to prevent bacterial proliferation on surfaces.
This work focuses on the obtaining and the bactericidal properties study, in vitro, of hybrid films as potential coating materials to inhibit bacteria proliferation. In consequence, hybrid films from ...nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFe
2
O
4
) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) were obtained by the solvent casting method. P3HB@NiO and P3HB@NiFe
2
O
4
hybrid films and P3HB film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD of the hybrid films showed that NiO and NiFe
2
O
4
NPs incorporated in the P3HB conserved their nanometric size, and by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were observed that NPs are homogeneously distributed in the films. The bactericidal effect of the obtained films was evaluated in vitro from the broth surface method against two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens,
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. The results showed that P3HB film, P3HB@NiO, and P3HB@NiFe
2
O
4
hybrid films reduced 90%, 98%, and 97% of the growth of
S. aureus
, respectively. For
P. aeruginosa,
their growth was reduced by 90%, 94%, and 96%, respectively. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of NiO and NiFe
2
O
4
NPs, as well as P3HB film, and P3HB@NiO, and P3HB@NiFe
2
O
4
hybrid films was evaluated using human skin cells; keratinocytes and fibroblast, being the NPs less cytotoxic than films. Although P3HB is known as a biocompatible polymer, here is demonstrated that in our work conditions, their films have bactericidal properties and are cytotoxic to keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the first barrier of the human skin. However, the P3HB@NiO and P3HB@NiFe
2
O
4
hybrid films synergize the bactericidal effect between the P3HB and the NPs. On the other hand, the NPs decrease the P3HB cytotoxicity to keratinocytes. The methodology used in this work is particularly suitable for producing hybrid films with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
Albuterol, a bronchodilator medication, is the first-line therapy for asthma worldwide. There are significant racial/ethnic differences in albuterol drug response.
To identify genetic variants ...important for bronchodilator drug response (BDR) in racially diverse children.
We performed the first whole-genome sequencing pharmacogenetics study from 1,441 children with asthma from the tails of the BDR distribution to identify genetic association with BDR.
We identified population-specific and shared genetic variants associated with BDR, including genome-wide significant (P < 3.53 × 10
) and suggestive (P < 7.06 × 10
) loci near genes previously associated with lung capacity (DNAH5), immunity (NFKB1 and PLCB1), and β-adrenergic signaling (ADAMTS3 and COX18). Functional analyses of the BDR-associated SNP in NFKB1 revealed potential regulatory function in bronchial smooth muscle cells. The SNP is also an expression quantitative trait locus for a neighboring gene, SLC39A8. The lack of other asthma study populations with BDR and whole-genome sequencing data on minority children makes it impossible to perform replication of our rare variant associations. Minority underrepresentation also poses significant challenges to identify age-matched and population-matched cohorts of sufficient sample size for replication of our common variant findings.
The lack of minority data, despite a collaboration of eight universities and 13 individual laboratories, highlights the urgent need for a dedicated national effort to prioritize diversity in research. Our study expands the understanding of pharmacogenetic analyses in racially/ethnically diverse populations and advances the foundation for precision medicine in at-risk and understudied minority populations.
OBJECTIVE—We recently identified a locus on chromosome 18q11.2 for high serum triglycerides in Mexicans. We hypothesize that the lead genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphism ...rs9949617, or its linkage disequilibrium proxies, regulates 1 of the 5 genes in the triglyceride-associated region.
APPROACH AND RESULTS—We performed a linkage disequilibrium analysis and found 9 additional variants in linkage disequilibrium (r>0.7) with the lead single-nucleotide polymorphism. To prioritize the variants for functional analyses, we annotated the 10 variants using DNase I hypersensitive sites, transcription factor and chromatin states and identified rs17259126 as the lead candidate variant for functional in vitro validation. Using luciferase transcriptional reporter assay in liver HepG2 cells, we found that the G allele exhibits a significantly lower effect on transcription (P<0.05). The electrophoretic mobility shift and ChIPqPCR assays confirmed that the minor G allele of rs17259126 disrupts an hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α–binding site. To find the regional candidate gene, we performed a local expression quantitative trait locus analysis and found that rs17259126 and its linkage disequilibrium proxies alter expression of the regional transmembrane protein 241 (TMEM241) gene in 795 adipose RNAs from the METSIM cohort (P=6.11×10–5.80×10). These results were replicated in expression profiles of TMEM241 from the MuTHER resource (n=856).
CONCLUSIONS—The Mexican genome-wide association study signal for high serum triglycerides on chromosome 18q11.2 harbors a regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs17259126, which disrupts normal hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α binding and decreases the expression of the regional TMEM241 gene. Our data suggest that decreased transcript levels of TMEM241 contribute to increased triglyceride levels in Mexicans.
This paper presents the synthesis of NiO and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs), with an average crystallite size of 7 ± 0.6 and 5 ± 0.4 nm respectively, by a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly ...mechanochemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) reveal that NiO and NiFe2O4 NPs possess a cubic crystal structure. Their corresponding Raman scattering spectra confirm the structure and composition of these nanoparticles, and the band gap energy was determined from their Tauc's plot, being 3.44 eV for NiO and 1.55 eV for NiFe2O4. A strong confinement was observed for NiFe2O4 NPs because it exhibits a superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. Besides, the antibacterial activity of these NPs against two opportunistic pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 43,636) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 23,235), was tested in vitro. The results obtained from the microbroth dilution method showed that NiO and NiFe2O4 NPs inhibit 100% and 70% of the P. aeruginosa growth, respectively, while both oxides, inhibit 100% of S. aureus growth. The methodology presented in this work allowed us to obtain NPs with small size, low polydispersity, defined morphology, and is particularly suitable to produce other NPs of metal oxides.
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Significance Genome sequencing of individuals in the population reveals new mutations in almost every protein coding gene; interpreting the consequence of these mutations for human health and disease ...remains challenging. We sequenced the gene PPARG , a target of antidiabetic drugs, in nearly 20,000 individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified 49 previously unidentified protein-altering mutations, characterized their cellular function in human cells, and discovered that nine of these mutations cause loss-of-function (LOF). The individuals who carry these nine LOF mutations have a sevenfold increased risk of T2D, whereas individuals carrying mutations we classify as benign have no increased risk of T2D.
This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFesub.2Osub.4) nanoparticles embedded in ...polypropylene (PP). The solvent casting method was used to synthesize films of PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFesub.2Osub.4, which were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the small crystallite sizes of NiO and NiFesub.2Osub.4 NPs were maintained even after they were incorporated into the PP matrix. From the Raman scattering spectroscopy data, it was evident that there was a significant interaction between the NPs and the PP matrix. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of NiO and NiFesub.2Osub.4 NPs throughout the PP matrix. The incorporation of the NPs was observed to alter the surface roughness of the films; this behavior was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial properties of all films were evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCCsup.®: 43636™) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCCsup.®: 23235™), two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The PP@NiO and PP@ NiFesub.2Osub.4 films showed over 90% bacterial growth inhibition for both strains. Additionally, the effects of the films on human skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were evaluated for cytotoxicity. The PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFesub.2Osub.4 films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes. Furthermore, compared to the PP film, improved biocompatibility of the PP@NiFesub.2Osub.4 film with human fibroblasts was observed. The methodology utilized in this study allows for the production of hybrid films that can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa. These films have potential as coating materials to prevent bacterial proliferation on surfaces.
This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFe
O
) nanoparticles embedded in ...polypropylene (PP). The solvent casting method was used to synthesize films of PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFe
O
, which were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the small crystallite sizes of NiO and NiFe
O
NPs were maintained even after they were incorporated into the PP matrix. From the Raman scattering spectroscopy data, it was evident that there was a significant interaction between the NPs and the PP matrix. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of NiO and NiFe
O
NPs throughout the PP matrix. The incorporation of the NPs was observed to alter the surface roughness of the films; this behavior was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial properties of all films were evaluated against
(ATCC
: 43636™) and
(ATCC
: 23235™), two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The PP@NiO and PP@ NiFe
O
films showed over 90% bacterial growth inhibition for both strains. Additionally, the effects of the films on human skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were evaluated for cytotoxicity. The PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFe
O
films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes. Furthermore, compared to the PP film, improved biocompatibility of the PP@NiFe
O
film with human fibroblasts was observed. The methodology utilized in this study allows for the production of hybrid films that can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as
, and Gram-negative bacteria, such as
. These films have potential as coating materials to prevent bacterial proliferation on surfaces.
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