Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) aims to display, as a result of a search, images with the same visual contents as a query. This problem has attracted increasing attention in the area of computer ...vision. Learning-based hashing techniques are amongst the most studied search approaches for approximate nearest neighbors in large-scale image retrieval. With the advance of deep neural networks in image representation, hashing methods for CBIR have started using deep learning to build binary codes. Such strategies are generally known as deep hashing techniques. In this paper, we present a comprehensive deep hashing survey for the task of image retrieval with multiple labels, categorizing the methods according to how the input images are treated: pointwise, pairwise, tripletwise and listwise, as well as their relationships. In addition, we present discussions regarding the cost of space, efficiency and search quality of the described models, as well as open issues and future work opportunities.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important grain legume for human consumption and has a role in sustainable agriculture owing to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. We assembled ...473 Mb of the 587-Mb genome and genetically anchored 98% of this sequence in 11 chromosome-scale pseudomolecules. We compared the genome for the common bean against the soybean genome to find changes in soybean resulting from polyploidy. Using resequencing of 60 wild individuals and 100 landraces from the genetically differentiated Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools, we confirmed 2 independent domestications from genetic pools that diverged before human colonization. Less than 10% of the 74 Mb of sequence putatively involved in domestication was shared by the two domestication events. We identified a set of genes linked with increased leaf and seed size and combined these results with quantitative trait locus data from Mesoamerican cultivars. Genes affected by domestication may be useful for genomics-enabled crop improvement.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Studies on seed science are developed for a wide range of purposes, being the statistical analysis of data essential for experimental reliability and evidence. Due to the characteristics of seed ...data, several statistical methods can be applied, among them the survival analysis stands out, in virtue of allocating censored data and describing phenomena over time. Therefore, this bibliometric study verified the use of survival analysis in studies with seed germination and to examine the applications of survival analysis in original articles from the Web of Science database for the period from 2000 to 2020. For the application of survival analysis, there was a low number of publications related to seed science, with the USA being the country with the highest number of publications mainly to studies in plant ecology and physiology. In general, the researches were most involved to the evaluation of factors influencing dormancy, physiological stresses, dispersion capacity, population differences and habitats of development which affected seed germination. Therefore, the qualitative overview demonstrates that the survival analysis is a statistical tool of great potential regarding the studies in the area.
RESUMO: Estudos em ciência de sementes são desenvolvidos frente a uma ampla gama de finalidades, sendo a análise estatística dos dados um componente imprescindível para confiabilidade e comprovação experimental. Devido às características dos dados de sementes, diversos métodos estatísticos podem ser aplicados na sua análise, dentre os quais destaca-se a análise de sobrevivência, em virtude de alocar dados censurados e descrever fenômenos ao longo do tempo. Sendo assim, este estudo bibliométrico teve por objetivo verificar o uso da análise de sobrevivência em estudos com germinação de sementes e examinar as aplicações da análise de sobrevivência em artigos originais da base de dados Web of Science para o período de 2000 a 2020. Observou-se para aplicação da análise de sobrevivência, baixo número de publicações com este método estatístico ao decorrer dos anos, sendo os Estados Unidos (EUA) o país de maior produtividade em publicações, com pesquisas relacionadas principalmente a estudos em ecologia vegetal e fisiologia. Em geral, as pesquisas foram mais voltadas para a avaliação de fatores que influenciam a dormência, estresses fisiológicos, capacidade de dispersão, diferenças populacionais e habitats de desenvolvimento que afetaram a germinação das sementes. Portanto, o panorama qualitativo demonstra que a análise de sobrevivência é uma ferramenta estatística de grande potencial em relação aos estudos na área.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT Water deficit at certain cotton growth stages can cause severe damage to crop development, affecting physiological processes and reducing reproductive structures, with consequent yield ...losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of cotton cultivars under water deficit applied at different stages of the crop cycle. We compared the number of bolls per meter, cotton yield, and water use efficiency for eight different cotton cultivars under a water deficit of 15 days. We selected the following growth stages: Emergence (EM), First Square (FS), First Flower (FL), Peak Bloom (PB), and First Open Boll (FOB). The control treatment was irrigated with 100% ETc. The experiment was conducted in Apodi, RN State of Brazil, semiarid region, using a sprinkler irrigation system. The number of bolls per meter, cotton yield, and water use efficiency were influenced by the interaction of cultivars x deficit periods. Lowest values were observed for water suppression in the FL and PB stages. When the water deficit was imposed in the initial stages of growth (EM to FS) or after the FOB stage, the cotton yield reduction was not significant. At the same stage and water deficit, the behavior of the different cultivars was similar. Producers are urged to take this information into account when developing irrigation schemes for cotton crops, thereby avoiding water deficits during the most critical periods of the crop cycle.
RESUMO O déficit hídrico em determinadas fases do ciclo de cultivo do algodoeiro pode causar severos danos, afetando as estruturas reprodutivas, acarretando perda na produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de cultivares de algodoeiro submetidas ao déficit hídrico em diferentes fases do ciclo de cultivo. Comparou-se o número de capulhos por metro, a produtividade e a eficiência no uso da água em oito cultivares de algodoeiro herbáceo, submetidas a déficit hídrico por 15 dias nos estádios: emergência, emissão do primeiro botão floral, emissão da primeira flor, emissão da primeira maçã, abertura do primeiro capulho e a testemunha irrigada com 100% da ETc. O experimento foi instalado no município de Apodi-RN, região Semiárida do Nordeste, em área irrigada por aspersão. O número de capulhos por metro, a produtividade de algodão em caroço e a eficiência de uso da água foram influenciadas pela interação cultivares x déficit hídrico. Os piores resultados foram observados para o déficit hídrico de 15 dias após a emissão da primeira maçã e da primeira flor. Quando o déficit hídrico foi imposto nas fases de crescimento inicial, após a emissão do primeiro botão floral e após a abertura do primeiro capulho, a perda de produtividade não foi significativa. Dentro de um mesmo período de déficit hídrico, as cultivares se comportaram de maneira similar. Os produtores devem levar essa informação em consideração para ouso da irrigação suplementar e para programação das irrigações, evitando que o déficit hídrico ocorra nos períodos mais críticos do ciclo de cultivo.
In a hypothesis test, a researcher initially fixes a type I error rate, that is, the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis given that it is true. In the case of means tests, it is important to ...present a type I error that is equal to the nominal pre-fixed level, such that this error remains unchanged across various scenarios, including the number of treatments, number of repetitions, and coefficient of variation. The purpose of this study is to analyse and compare the following multiple comparison tests for the control of both conditional and unconditional type I error rates, depending on a significant F-test in the analysis of variance: Tukey, Duncan, Fisher’s least significant difference, Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK), and Scheffé. As an application, we present a motivation study and develop a simulation study using the Monte Carlo method for a total of 64 scenarios. In each simulated scenario, we estimate the comparison-wise and experiment-wise error rates, conditional and unconditional on a significant result of the overall F-test of analysis of variance for each of the five multiple comparison tests evaluated. The results indicate that the application of the means tests based only on the significance of the F-test should be considered when determining the error rates, as this can change them. In addition, we find that Fisher’s test controls for the comparison-wise error rate, the Tukey and SNK tests control for the experiment-wise error rate, and the Duncan and Fisher tests control for the conditional experiment-wise error rate. Scheffé’s test does not control for any of the error rates considered.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Agroforestry systems (AFS) are generally referred to as systems where perennial plants are associated with annual or perennial crops, spanning from relatively simple agroforestry systems ...characterized by only two associated species to very complex ones, close to natural systems. However, there are few studies on edaphic entomofauna in newly implanted restoration systems. We investigated the composition of edaphic entomofauna in areas managed under different restoration techniques (agroforestry system or mixed-planting) and types of weed control (chemical or mowing). In each treatment, we performed collections with pitfall traps in July and December 2017. A total of 11,727 specimens distributed in 11 orders and 45 families were collected. Most of the individuals collected were Collembola (53.86%) and Hymenoptera: Formicidae (31.50%). No significant interaction was observed between restoration techniques and types of weed control combined. However, for abundance, both restoration techniques and types of weed control were individually significant, with chemical control showing a higher abundance in relation to mowing, and agroforestry concerning mixed-planting. There was no significant difference in richness in any of the variables studied. We conclude that the agroforestry system and the chemical control can be viable for edaphic entomofauna, although future research is necessary to evaluate the dynamic of edaphic entomofauna during the development of agroforestry systems.
Reliable serological tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among infected or vaccinated individuals are important for epidemiological and clinical studies. Low-cost approaches easily ...adaptable to high throughput screenings, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) or electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), can be readily validated using different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. A total of 1,119 serum samples collected between March and July of 2020 from health employees and visitors to the University Hospital at the University of São Paulo were screened with the Elecsys
®
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Elecsys) (Roche Diagnostics) and three in-house ELISAs that are based on different antigens: the Nucleoprotein (N-ELISA), the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD-ELISA), and a portion of the S1 protein (ΔS1-ELISA). Virus neutralization test (CPE-VNT) was used as the gold standard to validate the serological assays. We observed high sensitivity and specificity values with the Elecsys (96.92% and 98.78%, respectively) and N-ELISA (93.94% and 94.40%, respectively), compared with RBD-ELISA (90.91% sensitivity and 88.80% specificity) and the ΔS1-ELISA (77.27% sensitivity and 76% specificity). The Elecsys
®
proved to be a reliable SARS-CoV-2 serological test. Similarly, the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N protein displayed good performance in the ELISA tests. The availability of reliable diagnostic tests is critical for the precise determination of infection rates, particularly in countries with high SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, such as Brazil. Collectively, our results indicate that the development and validation of new serological tests based on recombinant proteins may provide new alternatives for the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic market.
Diagnosing Zika virus (ZIKV) infections has been challenging due to the cross-reactivity of induced antibodies with other flavivirus. The concomitant occurrence of ZIKV and Dengue virus (DENV) in ...endemic regions requires diagnostic tools with the ability to distinguish these two viral infections. Recent studies demonstrated that immunoassays using the C-terminal fragment of ZIKV NS1 antigen (ΔNS1) can be used to discriminate ZIKV from DENV infections. In order to be used in serological tests, the expression/solubility of ΔNS1 and growth of recombinant
E. coli
strain were optimized by Response Surface Methodology. Temperature, time and IPTG concentration were evaluated. According to the model, the best condition determined in small scale cultures was 21 °C for 20 h with 0.7 mM of IPTG, which predicted 7.5 g/L of biomass and 962 mg/L of ΔNS1. These conditions were validated and used in a 6-L batch in the bioreactor, which produced 6.4 g/L of biomass and 500 mg/L of ΔNS1 in 12 h of induction. The serological ELISA test performed with purified ΔNS1 showed low cross-reactivity with antibodies from DENV-infected human subjects. Denaturation of ΔNS1 decreased the detection of anti-ZIKV antibodies, thus indicating the contribution of conformational epitopes and confirming the importance of properly folded ΔNS1 for the specificity of the serological analyses. Obtaining high yields of soluble ΔNS1 supports the viability of an effective serologic diagnostic test capable of differentiating ZIKV from other flavivirus infections.
O estudo da atividade turística no viés do pensamento geográfico possibilita verificar a sua dinamicidade na sociedade e incidências que pode ocasionar nos territórios implicações econômicas, ...culturais e políticas. A presente pesquisa analisa, de modo teórico, a relação entre o Turismo e a Geografia, e seus desdobramentos sobre o território maranhense. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi necessário o levantamento bibliográfico que abrange a Geografia e o Turismo, e levantamento documental e fotográfico sobre pontos turísticos do Maranhão. É notório que o Turismo e a Geografia se aproximam cada vez mais, ampliando os horizontes na pesquisa científica e que envolve o fenômeno turístico, caracterizado como fenômeno social, com ações, sensibilizações, desafios e geradora de atividades e manifestações sociais, culturais e econômicas. E o Maranhão constitui-se como polo de desenvolvimento turístico expressivo com seus atrativos naturais e culturais, porém, é um estado pouco visitado, tendo os Lençóis Maranhenses como principal “carro chefe” do turismo no estado. Ressalta-se a importância do ordenamento do território por meio do planejamento como medida para efetivação de resultados, a médio e longo prazo ao município, referentes à atividade turística no Maranhão.
The study of tourism activity in the bias of geographic thinking makes it possible to verify its dynamism in society and incidences that can cause economic, cultural and political implications in the territories. The present research analyzes, in a theoretical way, the relationship between Tourism and Geography, and its developments on the territory of Maranhão. For the development of the research, it was necessary to carry out a bibliographic survey covering Geography and Tourism, and a documentary and photographic survey of tourist spots in Maranhão. It is notorious that Tourism and Geography are getting closer and closer, broadening the horizons in scientific research and involving the tourist phenomenon, characterized as a social phenomenon, with actions, sensitizations, challenges and generating activities and social, cultural and economic manifestations. And Maranhão is a center of expressive tourism development with its natural and cultural attractions, however, it is a little visited state, with the Lençois Maranhenses as the main "flagship" of tourism in the state. The importance of land use planning is emphasized as a measure to achieve medium and long-term results for the municipality, related to tourism activity in Maranhão.
El estudio de la actividad turística actividad turística en el sesgo del pensamiento geográfico permite comprobar su importancia en la sociedad y los efectos que puede tener en los territorios, con implicaciones económicas, culturales y políticas. Esta investigación analiza, de forma teórica forma teórica, la relación entre Turismo y Geografía, y su desenvolvimiento en el territorio de en el territorio de Maranhão. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi realizado un relevamiento bibliográfico sobre Geografía y Turismo, y un relevamiento documental y fotográfico levantamiento documental y fotográfico de puntos turísticos de Maranhão. É notorio que el Turismo y la Geografía se aproximan cada vez más, ampliando los horizontes horizontes en la investigación científica y que involucra el fenómeno turístico, caracterizado como un fenómeno social, con acciones, sensibilizaciones, desafíos y generador de actividades y manifestaciones sociales, culturales y económicas. Y Maranhão es un polo de desarrollo turístico expresivo polo de desarrollo con sus atractivos naturales y culturales, sin embargo, es un poco visitado poco visitado, con los Lençois Maranhenses como principal "buque insignia" del turismo en el estado. del turismo en el estado. Se destaca la importancia de la ordenación del territorio a través de la planificación como medida para alcanzar resultados, a medio y largo plazo, en lo el municipio, en relación con la actividad turística en Maranhão.
Selection of cotton lines for high oil content Carvalho, Luiz Paulo de; Rodrigues, Josiane Isabela da Silva; Farias, Francisco José Correia
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,
07/2017, Letnik:
52, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil content and characters related to fiber quality and yield in cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum), in order to select genotypes with high oil content ...and acceptable levels of the other characters. Twenty-two F6 lines and three checks were cultivated in three field trials - two in the municipality of Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in the municipality of Barbalha, in the state of Ceará, both in Brazil. The genetic parameters and the genetic gain from selecting 20% of the lines were estimated according to their means in each environment and in the group of environments. Regarding oil content, there is genetic variability, and the selection based on the overall mean is indicated, since this character showed high heritability, with 4.58% expected gain. The lines selected with this criterion have oil contents between 23.52 and 24.51%, which are higher than those of the Brazilian cultivar BRS Aroeira with the highest grain oil content (22.04%).
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o teor de óleo e os caracteres relacionados à qualidade e ao rendimento de fibra em linhagens de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum), para selecionar materiais com alto teor de óleo e níveis aceitáveis dos demais caracteres. Vinte e duas linhagens F6 e três testemunhas foram cultivadas em três ensaios de campo - dois em Apodi, RN, e um em Barbalha, CE. Os parâmetros genéticos e o ganho com a seleção de 20% das linhagens foram estimados de acordo com suas médias em cada ambiente e no conjunto de ambientes. Quanto ao teor de óleo, há variabilidade genética, e a seleção com base na média geral é indicada, pois esse caráter apresentou elevada herdabilidade, com ganho esperado de 4,58%. As linhagens selecionadas por este critério apresentam teores de óleo entre 23,52 e 24,51%, superiores aos da cultivar brasileira BRS Aroeira com maior teor de óleo no grão (22,04%).
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