The effects of red- and blue-light irradiation at night on abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and anthocyanin and sugar concentrations were examined in grape vines, which were grown in two different ...seasons. In grapes cultivated with early heating, the ABA concentrations were highest in blue-light-emitting diode (LED)-treated skin; however, those in grapes cultivated in the ordinary growing season were highest in red-LED-treated skin. The expressions of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (
VvNCED1
) and ABA 8′-hydroxylase (
VvCYP707A1
) were high in each treatment at veraison regardless of the growing season. In both seasons, anthocyanin concentrations were highest under the blue-LED treatment, followed by the red-LED treatment. The expressions of
VlMYBA1
-
2
,
VlMYBA2
, and
VvUFGT
coincided with anthocyanin concentrations. Sugar concentrations were increased by the blue-or red-LED treatment dependent on the growing season. The results suggest that blue- or red-LED irradiation at night may influence the ABA and anthocyanin metabolism including
VvNCED1
,
VlMYBA1
-
2
, and
VlMYBA2
and sugar synthesis in grape berries, although the degree of the effects differs with the growing season.
The tuberose, Polianthes tuberosa L., is in the family Agavaceae. Its scent is very sweet and is used in perfumery as a source of essential oil and aroma compound. Therefore, the objective of this ...study was to investigate the emission profile of volatile compounds in different floral developing stages and diurnal times of the day to find the best condition for volatile releasing patterns in tuberose flowers. The flowers were divided into three stages, bud, half-full bloom and full bloom, and incubated in a small vial (25 ml) for 30 min at 25°C. The chemical composition of the tuberose was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) every 6 h (started at 9 am, 3 pm, 9 pm and 3 am) for one day using SPME fiber 65 µm, PDMS-DVB coating. The results showed that the main chemical components detected in fresh flowers were methyl benzoate, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, and methyl antharilate in all stages of flowers. Isopropanoid and phenylpropanoid pathways were the main volatile biosynthesis in the flowers. The more mature the flower, the higher concentration of the volatile compounds. Ester compounds produced highly in full bloom flowers and during night time. The quality and quantity of volatile compounds at 9 pm and 3 am were higher while the lowest amount of volatiles was found at 3 pm. The proper condition for volatile release in tuberose flowers was in full bloom flowers at 3 am.
Previous results showed that calcium oxide (CaO) mixed with turmeric tuber (Curcuma longa, Tu) was able to control crown rot disease of banana during storage at room temperature without any effect to ...banana quality. Here we demonstrate that the combined effect of CaO mixed with Tu (CaO+Tu), and packaging bags showed great potential for the control of crown rot disease caused by Colletotrichum musae, and the maintenance of quality of bananas for the retail market. Banana hands were harvested from the orchard and cut to obtain two fingers per hand as they are generally sold in retail markets. Each small hand was inoculated on the crowns with a spore suspension of C. musae and incubated for 4 h under high moisture before the crowns were treated (painted) with CaO+Tu. The treated hands were then packed in either Equilibrium Modified Atmosphere (EMA) bags or Ethylene Scavenger (ES) bags. Untreated banana hands were packed in commercialized Perforated Polyethylene (PPE) bags (controls). All banana hands in the packages were kept at 13°C for 15 days and then transferred for shelf life at 25°C for 2 (15+2) and 4 (15+4) days, respectively. The results showed that disease severity was significantly reduced by the combination of CaO+Tu and EMA or ES bags when compared with the PPE bag during storage at 13°C. EMA and ES bags significantly prevented weight loss and colour changes (Hue angle) of banana peel throughout storage life and shelf life, and also delayed senescence by retarding the accumulation of total sugar in pulp and chlorophyll degradation in peel. Gas concentration in banana packages was observed, and CO2 concentrations in EMA or ES bags were significantly higher than in the PPE bag, whereas O2 concentrations were lower than in the PPE bag. These results implied that CaO+Tu and EMA or ES bags were able to delay the disease severity and the senescence of bananas for retail markets.
The effects of blue and red light irradiation at night on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis were examined in grape berries. The expressions of VlMYBA1-2, VlMYBA2, ...UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (VvUFGT), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (VvNCED1), and ABA 8′-hydroxylase (VvCYP707A1) were also investigated. Endogenous ABA, its metabolite phaseic acid (PA), and the expressions of VvNCED1 and VvCYP707A1 were highest in red light-emitting diode (LED)-treated skin. In contrast, anthocyanin concentrations were highest in blue LED-treated skin, followed by red LED treatment. However, the expressions of VlMYBA1-2, VlMYBA2, and VvUFGT did not necessarily coincide with anthocyanin concentrations. The quality of coloring may depend on the amount of malvidin-based anthocyanin, which increased toward harvest in blue and red LED-treated skin, unlike in untreated controls. An increase in sugars was also observed in blue and red LED-treated skin.
These results suggest that blue LED irradiation at night may be effective in increasing anthocyanin and sugar concentrations in grape berries. However, there is evidence that another factor may influence anthocyanin concentrations in grape berry skin significantly more than endogenous ABA: ABA concentrations were highest in red LED-treated skin, which had lower anthocyanin concentrations than blue LED-treated skin.
