Background
Type 2 diabetes and periodontitis predispose to a higher risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Recent studies show upregulation of innate ...immuno‐regulatory microRNA‐146a and ‐155 in oral fluids of patients with type 2 diabetes as well as of patients with periodontitis. The aim was to investigate whether upregulation of these microRNAs may relate to patient susceptibility to the infection via modulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry factors expression.
Methods
Due to limited experimental feasibility and health risks in Coronavirus Disease 2019, bioinformatic analyses combining with system biology were used as initial investigation of interaction between microRNA‐146 and ‐155 and genes encoding SARS‐CoV‐2 entry factors.
Results
SARS‐CoV‐2 cellular entry factors are expressed in salivary glands and masticatory mucosa (tongue) at different expression levels, comparable with those measured in lungs and tonsil. MicroRNA‐146 and ‐155 are widely involved in the regulation of SARS‐CoV‐2 oral cellular entry factors and may enhance expression of ACE2 and modulate genes involved in host immunity.
Conclusions
Diabetes‐ and periodontitis‐induced increase in microRNA‐146a and ‐155 in oral cavity is predicted to upregulate angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 expression, essential SARS‐CoV‐2 entry receptors, and modulate host antiviral response. As it could suggest increased infectivity of diabetes and periodontitis patients, additional protective measures for periodontists are recommended.
Type 2 diabetes and periodontitis predispose to a higher risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recent studies show upregulation of innate immuno-regulatory ...microRNA-146a and -155 in oral fluids of patients with type 2 diabetes as well as of patients with periodontitis. The aim was to investigate whether upregulation of these microRNAs may relate to patient susceptibility to the infection via modulation of SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry factors expression.
Due to limited experimental feasibility and health risks in Coronavirus Disease 2019, bioinformatic analyses combining with system biology were used as initial investigation of interaction between microRNA-146 and -155 and genes encoding SARS-CoV-2 entry factors.
SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry factors are expressed in salivary glands and masticatory mucosa (tongue) at different expression levels, comparable with those measured in lungs and tonsil. MicroRNA-146 and -155 are widely involved in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 oral cellular entry factors and may enhance expression of ACE2 and modulate genes involved in host immunity.
Diabetes- and periodontitis-induced increase in microRNA-146a and -155 in oral cavity is predicted to upregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression, essential SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors, and modulate host antiviral response. As it could suggest increased infectivity of diabetes and periodontitis patients, additional protective measures for periodontists are recommended.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is able to produce an excessive host immune reaction and may leads to severe disease- a life-threatening condition occurring ...more often in patients suffering from comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Infection by human corona viruses highly depends on host microRNA (miR) involved in regulation of host innate immune response and inflammation-modulatory miR-146a is among the first miRs induced by immune reaction to a virus. Moreover, recent analysis showed that miR-146 is predicted to target at the SARS-CoV-2 genome. As the dominant regulator of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) downstream signaling, miR-146a may limit excessive inflammatory response to virus. Downregulation of circulating miR-146a was found in diabetes, obesity and hypertension and it is reflected by enhanced inflammation and fibrosis, systemic effects accompanying severe COVID-19. Thus it could be hypothesized that miR-146a deficiency may contribute to severe COVID-19 state observed in diabetes, obesity and hypertension but further investigations are needed.
The number of approvals for AI-based systems is increasing rapidly, although AI clinical trial designs lack consideration of the impact of human–AI interaction. Aim of this work was to investigate ...how reading of an AI system (ChatGPT) features/descriptions could influence the willingness and expectations for use of this technology as well as dental students’ learning performance.
Dental students (N = 104) were asked to learn about side effects of drugs used in dental practice via reading recommended literature or ChatGPT. Expectations towards ChatGPT were measured by survey, before and after reading of a system features description, whilst learning outcomes were evaluated via pharmacology quiz.
Students who used ChatGPT (YG group) showed better results on the pharmacology quiz than students who neither read the description nor employed ChatGPT for learning (NN condition). Moreover, students who read the description of ChatGPT features yet did not use it (NG) showed better results on the pharmacology quiz compared with the NN condition, although none of them employed ChatGPT for learning. The NG students compared to the YG students had less trust in AI system assistance in learning, and after the AI system description reading, their expectations changed significantly, showing an association with quiz scores.
A majority of students in our cohort was reluctant to use ChatGPT. Furthermore, familarity (reading) with ChatGPT features appear to alter the expectations and enhance learning performance of students.suggesting an AI description–related cognitive bias. Hence the content description of ChatGPTshould be reviewed and verified prior to AI system use for educational purposes.
With current treatment protocols, over 90% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured. Simultaneously with these excellent results, there is an increasing importance of the ...recognition of possible late effects of antileukemic treatment. The most frequent late effects of therapy for childhood ALL include endocrine abnormalities, obesity, growth disturbances, neurocognitive deficits, psychosocial adverse effects, cardiotoxicity, gonadotoxicity and reproductive changes, neurotoxicity, bone toxicity, secondary malignancies, and premature late mortality. Better recognition of late effects has resulted in the modifications of treatment regimens and development of guidelines for lifelong follow-up of survivors.
Suvremenom terapijom postiže se izlječenje u više od 90% djece s akutnom limfoblastičnom leukemijom (ALL). Istovremeno s ovim izvrsnimn rezultatima, sve veću važnost ima prepoznavanje mogućih kasnih posljedica antileukemijske terapije. Najčešći kasni neželjeni učinci liječenja pedijatrijske ALL uključuju endokrinološke poremećaje, poremećaje rasta, neurokognitivna oštećenja, psihosocijalne poremećaje, kardiotoksičnost, gonadotoksičnost i poremećaji fertiliteta, neurotoksičnost, koštanu toksičnost, sekundarne maligne tumore i prijevremenu smrtnost. Bolje prepoznavanje kasnih posljedica rezultiralo je preinakama terapijskih protokola za pedijatrijsku ALL, te izradama međunarodnih smjernica za doživotno praćenje preživjelih.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a research hotspot by playing a key role in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of diverse biological functions and due to their involvement in different ...diseases, including oral inflammatory diseases. Based on ncRNAs’ suitability for salivary biomarkers and their involvement in neuropathic pain and tissue regeneration signaling pathways, the present narrative review aims to highlight the potential clinical applications of ncRNAs in oral inflammatory diseases, with an emphasis on salivary diagnostics, regenerative dentistry, and precision medicine for neuropathic orofacial pain.
Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are benign vascular neoplasms resulting from the proliferation of endothelial vascular cells. They are characterized by unique natural course, with rapid growth in the ...first year of life (proliferation phase), followed by a slowdown in growth and regression (involution phase) that varies from one to ten years. The aim of the study is to present institutional experiences in the treatment of IH with propranolol. The study included 37 children with IH, treated at the Division of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Genetics of the Department of Pediatrics Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, in the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. Our results have confirmed that IH are more common in females. The majority is localized in the head area. They are mostly solitary lesions. The average diameter was 2,8 (± 1,4) cm. The average age at the start of the treatment with propranolol was 3,7 (± 1,1) months. The average duration of treatment was 10,1 (± 5.9) months. Propranolol is very effective in the treatment of IH, with complete regression achieved in 70,3% of children. Side effects are extremely rare (no one recorded in our study), but bear out the initiation of therapy in the hospital setting.
"For dentists, as well as for other health care practitioners, it is mandatory to obtain informed consent from their patients, implying that a dialog has taken place and that patients understand the ...risks, benefits and alternatives to rendered treatments. Having in mind that majority of dental procedures are surgical in nature, leading to irreversible change to orofacial tissues and with the risk of unwanted side effects, well-documented informed consent process needs to be a basic norm in the dental practice. Clinical experience suggests that verbal discussion along with providing informed consent forms may not be enough and that patients response and understanding may improve by adding adjunctive materials like brochures or videos related to planned procedures. Many companies for implants and dental materials supply dental offices with the brochures and pamphlets, mostly for marketing purposes. Therefore, the use of these materials must be used with caution while objectively discussing other reasonable options. With the increasingly growing phenomenon of dental tourism, an important dentist-patient relationship ethical issues arise. Namely, issues regarding patient autonomy over practitioner choice, patient safety, and optimal care are under constant reconsideration while informed consent has to specify circumstances underlying treatment plan and posttreatment care. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding informed consent in dentistry, and vital ethical issues associated with recent developments in dental practice need to be addressed in the near future. "
Aim
Recent studies point at the crucial role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of multifactorial diseases such as periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2. In addition, circulatory ...microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as novel biomarkers for various diseases. Aim of this study was to investigate the levels of miR‐146a and miR‐155 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of periodontitis patients with (CPDM) and without (CP) DM type 2 as well as in periodontally healthy, control groups (PHDM and PH, respectively).
Material and methods
miR modulation was analysed using quantitative real‐time PCR while SOD activity was measured spectrophotometrically.
Results
The upregulation of miR‐146a and miR‐155 was observed in CP and CPDM patients’ baseline, while the levels decreased after 6 weeks of the non‐surgical therapy to the levels comparable to PH and PHDM, respectively. Expression levels of miRs positively correlated with SOD activity. Levels of miR‐146a were higher in PHDM compared to PH patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that levels of miR‐146a and miR‐155 were significantly associated with periodontitis when adjusting for age and gender.
Conclusions
miR‐146a and miR‐155 may be considered as possible novel biomarkers for periodontitis in non‐diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients.
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI)-based dental applications into clinical practice could play a significant role in improving diagnostic accuracy and reforming dental care, but its ...implementation relies on the readiness of dentists, as well as the health system, to adopt it in everyday practice. A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted among experienced dentists and final-year undergraduate students from the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Belgrade (n = 281) in order to investigate their current perspectives and readiness to accept AI into practice. Responders (n = 193) in the present survey, especially final-year undergraduates (n = 76), showed a lack of knowledge about AI (only 7.9% of them were familiar with AI use) and were skeptical (only 34% of them believed that AI should be used), and the underlying reasons, as shown by logistic regression analyses, were a lack of knowledge about the AI technology associated with a fear of being replaced by AI, as well as a lack of regulatory policy. Female dentists perceived ethical issues more significantly than men regarding AI implementation in the practice. The present results encourage an ethical debate on education/training and regulatory policies for AI as a prerequisite for regular AI use in dental practice.
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