Autonomous replication and segregation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) creates the potential for evolutionary conflict driven by emergence of haplotypes under positive selection for 'selfish' traits, ...such as replicative advantage. However, few cases of this phenomenon arising within natural populations have been described. Here, we survey the frequency of mtDNA horizontal transfer within the canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT), a contagious cancer clone that occasionally acquires mtDNA from its hosts. Remarkably, one canine mtDNA haplotype, A1d1a, has repeatedly and recently colonised CTVT cells, recurrently replacing incumbent CTVT haplotypes. An A1d1a control region polymorphism predicted to influence transcription is fixed in the products of an A1d1a recombination event and occurs somatically on other CTVT mtDNA backgrounds. We present a model whereby 'selfish' positive selection acting on a regulatory variant drives repeated fixation of A1d1a within CTVT cells.
To analyze the effects of exergames on rehabilitation outcomes in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.PURPOSETo analyze the effects of exergames on rehabilitation outcomes in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.A ...systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA statement. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, WoS, CINAHL, and PEDro (inception to November 2023). Studies that applied non-immersive exergames and assessed physical, functional, cognitive, pain, and psychosocial outcomes were included. Comparisons were other exercise modalities and non-intervention. Methodological quality was assessed with PEDro scale, and risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane RoB-2 tool.MATERIALS AND METHODSA systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA statement. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in Pubmed, Scopus, WoS, CINAHL, and PEDro (inception to November 2023). Studies that applied non-immersive exergames and assessed physical, functional, cognitive, pain, and psychosocial outcomes were included. Comparisons were other exercise modalities and non-intervention. Methodological quality was assessed with PEDro scale, and risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with Cochrane RoB-2 tool.Eight studies were included (total of participants = 401). The mean PEDro score was 6.1, and seven studies had high RoB. Seven studies involved knee OA and one cervical OA. The most frequent duration for interventions was four weeks. Exergames were more effective than controls in at least one outcome in all studies. The outcomes for which exergames were most effective were functional disability, postural balance, muscle strength, proprioception, gait, range of motion, pain, quality of life, depression, and kinesiophobia.RESULTSEight studies were included (total of participants = 401). The mean PEDro score was 6.1, and seven studies had high RoB. Seven studies involved knee OA and one cervical OA. The most frequent duration for interventions was four weeks. Exergames were more effective than controls in at least one outcome in all studies. The outcomes for which exergames were most effective were functional disability, postural balance, muscle strength, proprioception, gait, range of motion, pain, quality of life, depression, and kinesiophobia.Non-immersive exergames constitute an effective strategy for optimizing several relevant outcomes in rehabilitation. However, more RCTs with high methodological quality are required to deepen the knowledge about the multidimensional effects of exergames in OA patients.CONCLUSIONNon-immersive exergames constitute an effective strategy for optimizing several relevant outcomes in rehabilitation. However, more RCTs with high methodological quality are required to deepen the knowledge about the multidimensional effects of exergames in OA patients.
Plants have developed multiple regulatory mechanisms to respond and adapt to stress. Drought stress is one of the major constraints to agricultural productivity worldwide and recent reports have ...highlighted the importance of plant sRNA in the response and adaptation to water availability. In order to increase our understanding of the roles of sRNA in response to water depletion, cultivars of sugarcane were submitted to treatment of ceasing drip irrigation for 24 hours. Deep sequencing analysis was carried out to identify the sRNA regulated in leaves and roots of sugarcane cultivars with different drought sensitivities. The pool of sRNA selected allowed the analysis of different sRNA classes (miRNA and siRNA). Twenty-eight and 36 families of conserved miRNA were identified in leaf and root libraries, respectively. Dynamic regulation of miRNA was observed and the expression profiles of eight miRNA were verified in leaf samples from three biological replicates by stem-loop qRT-PCR assay using the cultivars: SP90-1638--sensitive cultivar--and SP83-2847 and SP83-5073--tolerant cultivars. Altered miRNA regulation was correlated with changes in mRNA levels of specific targets. Two leaf libraries from individual sugarcane cultivars with contrasting drought-tolerance properties were also analyzed. An enrichment of 22-nt sRNA species was observed in leaf libraries. 22-nt miRNA triggered siRNA production by cleavage of their targets in response to water depletion. A number of genes of the sRNA biogenesis pathway were down-regulated in tolerant genotypes and up-regulated in sensitive in response to water depletion treatment. Our analysis contributes to increase the knowledge on the roles of sRNA in sugarcane submitted to water depletion.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
El propósito de esta investigación fue construir un instrumento de evaluación del desempeño técnico-táctico de los jugadores de vóleibol, que posibilite la toma de decisión por parte del entrenador. ...Las variables de estudio fueron la evaluación del desempeño técnico de los jugadores de vóleibol y la evaluación del desempeño táctico de un equipo de vóleibol, a través del programa Microsoft Office Excel®, que permitió registrar y acceder en tiempo real a la información durante el desarrollo de un partido. La evaluación de desempeño técnico abarcó fundamentos técnicos, con su respectiva categorización de valores. La evaluación de desempeño táctico del equipo se compuso por la organización de la levantada, el porcentaje de eficiencia técnica del ataque en k1 y k2, y el análisis de distribución de levantada y eficiencia de ataque por rotación. El programa consiste en 6 libros de Excel® que trabajan de manera interrelacionada. Los primeros cinco corresponden a los sets jugados y el sexto, al resumen de toda la información ingresada. Las hojas se dividen en: Activas (Hoja final, hoja general, hoja diferencia, hoja atqefi, hoja análisis atqk2 y hoja resumen por jugador), Intermedias (Datos y ATAQRSM), y Pasivas (Tablas). El instrumento de evaluación desempeño técnico-táctico aporta y desarrolla en el ámbito de la evaluación objetiva de los rendimientos técnicos-tácticos. Este instrumento presenta características de bajo costo y fácil operación constituyen fortalezas que beneficiarán a todos aquellos entrenadores que lo utilicen.
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to build an instrument for evaluating the technical-tactical performance of the volleyball players, which enables a decision making by the coach. The study variables were the evaluation of the technical performance of the volleyball players and the evaluation of the tactical performance of a volleyball team. A computer tool for evaluating the technical-tactical performance of volleyball players was developed. Through a computer program established in Microsoft Office Excel, which allowed registering and immediately accessing the necessary information during the development of a game. The variable of technical performance evaluation covers the following technical foundations, with their respective categorization of values. The tactical performance evaluation variable of the team was composed by the distribution of the raised, the technical efficiency percentage of the attack in k1 and k2, and the analysis of raised distribution and efficiency of attack by rotation. The program consists of 6 Excel books that work in an interrelated manner. The first five correspond to the sets played and the sixth corresponds to the summary of all the information entered. The match data were entered in the story sheet, to codify the technical-tactical situations of the game full. The sheets are divided into: Active (Final sheet, general sheet, difference sheet, atqefi sheet, atqk2 analysis sheet and summary sheet per player), Intermediate (Data and ATAQRSM), and Passive (Tables). The instrument of statistical evaluation of the technical-tactical performance of volleyball players serves as a contribution to the entire national volleyball environment, for its development in the field of objective evaluation of technical performances. This instrument its low cost and easy operation are strengths that will benefit all those coaches that use it.
The purpose of this study was to build an instrument for evaluating the technical-tactical performance of the volleyballplayers, which enables a decision making by the coach. The study variables were ...the evaluation of the technical performance of thevolleyball players and the evaluation of the tactical performance of a volleyball team. A computer tool for evaluating the technical-tacticalperformance of volleyball players was developed. Through a computer program established in Microsoft Office Excel, which allowedregistering and immediately accessing the necessary information during the development of a game. The variable of technical performanceevaluation covers the following technical foundations, with their respective categorization of values. The tactical performance evaluationvariable of the team was composed by the distribution of the raised, the technical efficiency percentage of the attack in k1 and k2, andthe analysis of raised distribution and efficiency of attack by rotation. The program consists of 6 Excel books that work in an interrelatedmanner. The first five correspond to the sets played and the sixth corresponds to the summary of all the information entered. The matchdata were entered in the story sheet, to codify the technical-tactical situations of the game full. The sheets are divided into: Active (Finalsheet, general sheet, difference sheet, atqefi sheet, atqk2 analysis sheet and summary sheet per player), Intermediate (Data andATAQRSM), and Passive (Tables). The instrument of statistical evaluation of the technical-tactical performance of volleyball playersserves as a contribution to the entire national volleyball environment, for its development in the field of objective evaluation of technicalperformances. This instrument its low cost and easy operation are strengths that will benefit all those coaches that use it.
El propósito de esta investigación fue construir un instrumento de evaluación del desempeño técnico-táctico de los jugadoresde vóleibol, que posibilite la toma de decisión por parte del entrenador. Las variables de estudio fueron la evaluación del desempeñotécnico de los jugadores de vóleibol y la evaluación del desempeño táctico de un equipo de vóleibol, a través del programa MicrosoftOffice Excel®, que permitió registrar y acceder en tiempo real a la información durante el desarrollo de un partido. La evaluación dedesempeño técnico abarcó fundamentos técnicos, con su respectiva categorización de valores. La evaluación de desempeño táctico delequipo se compuso por la organización de la levantada, el porcentaje de eficiencia técnica del ataque en k1 y k2, y el análisis de distribuciónde levantada y eficiencia de ataque por rotación. El programa consiste en 6 libros de Excel® que trabajan de manera interrelacionada. Losprimeros cinco corresponden a los sets jugados y el sexto, al resumen de toda la información ingresada. Las hojas se dividen en: Activas(Hoja final, hoja general, hoja diferencia, hoja atqefi, hoja análisis atqk2 y hoja resumen por jugador), Intermedias (Datos y ATAQRSM),y Pasivas (Tablas). El instrumento de evaluación desempeño técnico-táctico aporta y desarrolla en el ámbito de la evaluación objetiva delos rendimientos técnicos-tácticos. Este instrumento presenta características de bajo costo y fácil operación constituyen fortalezas quebeneficiarán a todos aquellos entrenadores que lo utilicen.Palabras clave: Análisis estadístico, rendimiento atlético, voleibol, instrumento.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la experiencia de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la Universidad Austral de Chile en implementar un programa que fomenta el ...emprendimiento y el desarrollo de habilidades para emprender entre sus estudiantes de pregrado. Como metodología, el programa ha utilizado métodos de reciente uso en el contexto universitario a través de la creación de una asignatura que facilita el desarrollo de proyectos de emprendimiento con un enfoque social, colaborativo e interdisciplinario. De los resultados de la experiencia, se menciona la generación de 39 proyectos estudiantiles en el período de análisis entre otras iniciativas realizadas por el programa. Se concluye que la experiencia puede aportar a la discusión y diseño de este tipo de experiencias en las universidades chilenas.
Que las formas de hacer persistan en el tiempo se debe no sólo a su efectividad inicial, sino también a la inercia. Pero cuando dejan de ser útiles en términos prácticos, se hace necesario ...desmontarlas y repensarlas en función del contexto. Este proyecto muestra cómo un entorno económico adverso puede llevar a deconstruir las formas de hacer, forzando una redefinición del diseño arquitectónico.
Cocoa butter (CB) is produced in the seeds of
Theobroma cacao
representing 50% of its dry weight. The lipid composition plays an important role in the physicochemical, rheological, and sensory ...properties of the CB, making this fat a valuable resource for the production of chocolates, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this paper, are described experimental strategies used for a rational improvement of biomass production and fatty acids in cacao cell suspension cultures. First, the lipid profile in four cacao varieties is characterized, and then, one variety is selected to induce cell suspensions using a direct method without previous establishment of a callus phase. To improve growth and total fat production in cell suspension cultures, modified DKW media and newly designed media culture, based on the mineral concentrations of cacao seeds (cacao biomass production, “CBP”), are analyzed and compared. In addition, the effect of acetate in the lipid profile of cell suspensions is evaluated. Ultrastructural histological analysis of lipid vesicles in cacao seeds and cell suspensions is also performed. The results will show that it is feasible to establish cacao suspensions without the calli step and increase the biomass production by selecting a suitable cacao variety and tissue and also applying a new culture media formulation. In addition, it is possible to synthesize fatty acids in cell cultures and modify the lipid profile adding a precursor of the novo biosynthesis of fatty acids such as the acetate. Transmission electronic microscopy examinations and differential interference contrast microscopy analysis will demonstrate that lipid vesicles are the main reserve substance in both cacao seeds and cell suspensions.
•Prenatal stress alters cognitive function in the offspring.•Prenatal stress alters hippocampal dendritic outgrowth of pyramidal (apical domain) and granule cells in the offspring.•Maternal exercise ...during pregnancy prevents spatial memory and learning impairments in the prenatally stressed offspring.•Maternal exercise prevents disturbances in granule cells dendritic outgrowth in the prenatally stressed offspring.
Maternal exercise has shown beneficial effects on maternal/foetal health; however, the effects of maternal exercise on neurocognitive development in prenatally stressed offspring are unknown. The aim of the current study was to determine if maternal exercise during pregnancy prevents the effects of stress on spatial memory and learning as well as on the dendritic outgrowth of hippocampal neurons in prenatally stressed offspring.
Ten pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control (C), restraint stress (RS) and restraint stress + voluntary wheel running (RS + VWR). Between gestational day 1 and 14 the dams from the RS + VWR group were subjected to the VWR protocol for 4 h per day. Moreover, from gestational day 14 until delivery the pregnant females from RS and RS + VWR group were subjected to three daily stress sessions. Between postnatal day 52 and 56, the male mice born of the three groups of dams were evaluated in the Morris Water Maze, and then, their neuronal morphology was analysed.
The stressed mice showed higher escape latencies and a significant reduction in both the number of entries to and in the time spent in the quadrant target of the maze, compared to controls, along with a reduction in the dendritic outgrowth of the hippocampal neurons. Moreover, stressed mice born from exercised mothers showed an improvement in spatial learning and memory, along with an increase in the dendritic length of dentate granule cells.
Maternal exercise during pregnancy may be a beneficial factor to prevent the cognitive impairments and to ameliorate partially the impairments in the hippocampal dendritic outgrowth exhibited by prenatally stressed mice.
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