An animal model, suitable for resembling Parkinson's disease (PD) progress, should show both, motor and non-motor alterations. However, these features have been scarcely evaluated or developed in ...parkinsonian models induced by neurotoxins. This protocol provides modifications to original methods, allowing six different motor and non-motor behavior tests, which adequately and timely emulate the main parkinsonian sensorimotor alterations in the rat or mouse: (1) bilateral sensorimotor alterations, examined by the vibrissae test; (2) balance and motor coordination, evaluated by the uncoordinated gait test; (3) locomotor asymmetry, analyzed by the cylinder test; (4) bradykinesia, as a locomotor alteration evidenced by the open field test; (5) depressive-like behavior, judged by the forced swimming test; and (6) hyposmia, assessed by the olfactory asymmetry test. Some advantages of using these behavioral tests over others include:•No sophisticated materials or equipment are required for their application and evaluation.•They are used in rodent models for parkinsonian research, but they can also be helpful for studying other movement disorders.•These tests can accurately discriminate the affected side from the healthy one, after unilateral injury of one hemisphere, resulting in sensorimotor, olfactory or locomotor asymmetry.
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Whatever the business model, Diversity and Distributions has become a lead journal in the field thanks to the free‐of‐charge support of the scientific community as editors and reviewers and has long ...been a zero‐cost publishing outlet. ...presumably, substantial room exists to reduce profit margins and increase participation for a journal in a field like that of Diversity and Distributions. Some platinum open access journals have close relationships with scientific societies or charitable foundations, are subsidized by a particular institution or entity, or charge much more modest APCs in exchange for membership dues; examples of journals using these different funding solutions include Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, Current Science, Current Zoology, Emerging Infectious Diseases, European Journal of Ecology, Neotropical Biodiversity, and Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad.
Punta Pelluco is a known fossil forest locality near Puerto Montt in the province of Llanquihue, Southern Chile, which preserves exquisite palynological and xylological records of the last glacial ...period (Late Pleistocene), discoveries that have been made since 1978. The present investigation contributes the first Chilean record of camelid and proboscidean footprints, discovered in 2015 at Punta Pelluco. The ichnospecies identified are Lamaichnum guanicoe (average footprint 10.1 cm length, 9.9 cm width) and the largest Proboscipeda cf. P. australis (average 38 cm length, 38.2 cm width in the first footprint and average 41.8 cm length, 42.2 cm width in the second footprint) found in South America, respectively. These are the oldest Chilean records for Lamini and Proboscidea, dating back to between about 52.300 and 44.300 years ago. Not much is known about the dispersal of camelids and gomphotherids through the Andean Mountains after the Great American Biotic Interchange, but the present record status seems to indicate that the presence was restricted to the Pleistocene, at least 44,000 years ago.
To determine the prevalence of prescription of oral anticoagulation in patients aged > 60 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
Observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study based ...on a review of the clinical histories of patients aged >60 years diagnosed with NVAF from July 1 to September 30, 2019 and seen at the outpatient clinic (cardiology, internal medicine, geriatrics) of a secondary-level hospital in Queretaro, Mexico. Clinical profile and oral anticoagulant treatment were analyzed.
The study population comprised 300 patients (mean age, 77.2±8.3 years; 53.3% women; 81% attended in cardiology). Of these, 91% had a high thromboembolic risk, 22.7% a high bleeding risk, and 1.7% contraindications for anticoagulation. Comorbidity was frequent. As for therapy, 82.7% were taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), 11.0% vitamin K antagonists (VKA), and 6.3% no anticoagulant treatment. Anticoagulant therapy was inappropriate in 29.3% of patients, mainly because DOAC were prescribed without adjusting for age, weight, or serum creatinine and administered without indication according to thromboembolic risk. Only 39.4% of patients taking VKA were within the therapeutic range. Of all patients receiving DOAC, 48.0% were taking rivaroxaban, mainly at 20 mg/d (73.1%).
Thromboembolic risk is high in geriatric patients with NVAF. Anticoagulation is contraindicated in <2% of patients. Oral anticoagulants are prescribed inappropriately in three out of ten patients.
The complexation between lysozyme and pectin was studied by acidification using zeta potential, turbidity measurements and calorimetry titration. The complexes were analyzed in various NaCl ...concentrations with different ratios. At ratio 1:1 with 0.01M NaCl, is worth mentioning that the insoluble complexes were formed between pH 2.0 and 7.0, which represents a great range to apply this complex to different food matrices. When the ratio was increased from 1:1 to 3:1, the pH range between the pHφ1 and pHφ2 increased even more. When the NaCl concentration was increased from 0.01M to 0.2M, a progressive reduction of turbidity was observed. At 0.4M NaCl, there was total suppression of complex formation at ratio ≤ 3:1. The process of complex coacervate formation occurred in two different steps, presenting favorable enthalpic as well as entropic contributions. The positive entropy change is a strong indication that water molecules have been released from the complex surface, however the positive sign of TΔS suggests that hydrophobic interactions were involved in the interaction between lysozyme and pectin. Microscopy images of the samples revealed that the complexes presented a spheroid-like appearance which may contribute to possible future applications.
We report a right-handed 37-year-old woman, with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), presenting with a posterior interosseus nerve injury because of a penetrating trauma in the right forearm. The tendon ...transfer technique was chosen based on tendon response and functionality of the arms during the surgery. The patient has been able return to her daily life activities with proper fine and gross motor control.
Despite tendon transfer surgery being a common technique for radial nerve palsy reconstruction, its use has not been extensively described in the literature in patients with muscular dystrophies such as MD1.
Objective
This study aimed to validate the Erasmus Guillain–Barré Syndrome Respiratory Insufficiency Score in the International Guillain–Barré Syndrome Outcome Study cohort, and to improve its ...performance and region‐specificity.
Methods
We examined data from the first 1,500 included patients, aged ≥6 years and not ventilated prior to study entry. Patients with a clinical variant or mild symptoms were also included. Outcome was mechanical ventilation within the first week from study entry. Model performance was assessed regarding the discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and the calibration (observed vs predicted probability of mechanical ventilation), in the full cohort and in Europe/North America and Asia separately. We recalibrated the model to improve its performance and region‐specificity.
Results
In the group of 1,023 eligible patients (Europe/North America n = 842, Asia n = 104, other n = 77), 104 (10%) required mechanical ventilation within the first week from study entry. Area under the curve values were ≥0.80 for all validation subgroups. Mean observed proportions of mechanical ventilation were lower than predicted risks: full cohort 10% versus 21%, Europe/North America 9% versus 21%, and Asia 17% versus 23%. After recalibration, predicted risks for the full cohort and Europe/North America corresponded to observed proportions.
Interpretation
This prospective, international cohort study validated the Erasmus Guillain–Barré Syndrome Respiratory Insufficiency Score, and showed that the model can be used in the full spectrum of Guillain–Barré syndrome patients. In addition, a more accurate, region‐specific version of the model was developed for patients from Europe/North America. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:521–531
We present the results from multi-wavelength observations of a transient discovered during the follow-up of S191213g, a gravitational wave (GW) event reported by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration as a ...possible binary neutron star merger in a low latency search. This search yielded SN2019wxt, a young transient in a galaxy whose sky position (in the 80% GW contour) and distance ($\sim$150 Mpc) were plausibly compatible with the localisation uncertainty of the GW event. Initially, the transient's tightly constrained age, its relatively faint peak magnitude ($M_i \sim -16.7$ mag) and the $r-$band decline rate of $\sim 1$ mag per 5 days appeared suggestive of a compact binary merger. However, SN2019wxt spectroscopically resembled a type Ib supernova, and analysis of the optical-near-infrared evolution rapidly led to the conclusion that while it could not be associated with S191213g, it nevertheless represented an extreme outcome of stellar evolution. By modelling the light curve, we estimated an ejecta mass of $\sim 0.1\,M_\odot$, with $^{56}$Ni comprising $\sim 20\%$ of this. We were broadly able to reproduce its spectral evolution with a composition dominated by helium and oxygen, with trace amounts of calcium. We considered various progenitors that could give rise to the observed properties of SN2019wxt, and concluded that an ultra-stripped origin in a binary system is the most likely explanation. Disentangling electromagnetic counterparts to GW events from transients such as SN2019wxt is challenging: in a bid to characterise the level of contamination, we estimated the rate of events with properties comparable to those of SN2019wxt and found that $\sim 1$ such event per week can occur within the typical GW localisation area of O4 alerts out to a luminosity distance of 500 Mpc, beyond which it would become fainter than the typical depth of current electromagnetic follow-up campaigns.
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