SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY ROBOTIZATION Rojko, Katarina
Innovative issues and approaches in social sciences,
05/2020, Letnik:
13, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The transformation to Industry 4.0 increases the number of robots' installations within the industry, which brings various concerns. The paper focuses on changes in manufacturing sector in the last ...decade, and on the expected future development. Based on analysis of official and publicly available data we expose the decreased number of jobs and a contracting share of manufacturing output within the industry. We also compared data on industrial robots' shipments and labour productivity in manufacturing, to present negative correlation. We are entering the so-called "robots stealing jobs period" and great shifts in industry ecosystem and society as a whole are happening. Implication of presented research is to increase awareness of some missed economic and also social goals of transformation to Industry 4.0, calling for new strategic directions for industry humanization and economic eligibility. For this reason, we believe the opportunities for further development in this field should be carefully examined and oriented toward more sustainable and human friendly industry transformation.
The contemporary development of education is marked by the rapid expansion of online educational applications and platforms. Consequently, it is becoming clear that teachers must consider them and in ...light of their changing role, know what they can offer in their field to be able to recommend them to students to get additional knowledge or even to integrate them into their teaching. As students in the field of computer science and informatics are particularly accustomed to considering online knowledge resources, we decided to investigate their perception of educational applications and platforms. Based on the analysis of the results of their testing of educational platforms and applications, we found that for them the most important is content, followed by personal preferences, reason, user experience, price, etc., and only in the last place is a certificate. The most frequent word in their research reports proved to be knowledge, which we included under the code reason, followed by research, content, time, free, variety, and quality. It also turned out that students’ experience of testing educational applications and platforms is predominantly positive and has even improved over the course of the last three years, which we attribute to the effects of the Covid-19 coronavirus epidemic. The comparison of pre-pandemic and post-pandemic data also revealed that positive sentiment came to the front, while students now prioritize user experience, reason, and quality over the content and personal preferences compared to the pre-pandemic period, while they are still aware of the need for exploration.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, the impact of the Bologna reform is analyzed based on differences in scientific publication performance among the Ph.D. graduates that enrolled into doctoral study programs before the ...implementation of the Bologna reform in Slovenia (the pre-Bologna Ph.D. graduates) and those that enrolled after (the post-Bologna Ph.D. graduates). The transition between programs was not immediate; in Slovenia, the first Ph.D. students of the Bologna doctoral study programs were enrolled in the 2005/06 academic year, while the last academic year in which it was still possible to enroll into the pre-Bologna program was 2009/10. For Slovenian Ph.D. graduates from the 2007–2016 period, their publication records from 2 years prior to their Ph.D. theses defense to 2 years after are used for the analysis. Four indicators of their scientific publication performance are analyzed and compared: productivity, collaboration, internationality, and independence—each of them capturing a different aspect of the graduates’ research activities. The results show that there is no significant difference in the average productivity and collaboration between the post-Bologna Ph.D. graduates and the pre-Bologna Ph.D. graduates, while the values for both groups in both indicators are unexpectedly notably decreasing over the years. In contrast, internationality and independence are more constant, in general, whereas the differences between the two researched groups of Ph.D. graduates are more visible. Therefore, we conclude that the Bologna reform has a significant impact on the scientific publication performance of Ph.D. graduates, as there are notable differences in the pre-Bologna and the post-Bologna Ph.D. graduates’ performance.
: The transformation to Industry 4.0 increases the number of robots installed within industries, which brings great shifts in industrial ecosystems. For this reason, our research goal was to analyze ...the key performance indicators to investigate the economic and social sustainability of the changes in production.
: The combination of official (World Bank, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) and publicly available (Federal Reserve Economic Data, Industrial Federation of Robotics) data was used for statistical data processing, including comparison, correlation, cross-correlation and vector autoregression analysis, to present the past developments and also to predict future trends within the U.S. manufacturing sector.
In contrast to robust industry robotization observed in the 2008–2018 period, the share of manufacturing output and employment declined. Nonetheless, the vector autoregression model forecast shows, that the U.S. manufacturing sector has arrived at a turning point, after which robotization can increase employment and labor productivity of workers, while also stimulating further growth of their education levels.
The transition to Industry 4.0 has a major impact on increasing demands for new knowledge and skills for increased productivity. Accordingly, forecasted growths of analyzed manufacturing indicators suggest that negative impacts of robotization in the recent past were only temporary, due to the entrance to the Industry 4.0 era. Nonetheless, additional policies to support sustainable industry development are required.
Since e-learning has become an increasingly established form of education, we are interested in its advantages, disadvantages and possibilities, which are not yet sufficiently explored, especially in ...the coronavirus or post-coronavirus period. This study analyses the literature and compares two of the world-leading online educational platforms – Coursera and edX – focusing on participants’ views, which are often neglected. We found that the greatest advantage of e-learning is the elimination of time and space constraints, while the greatest disadvantage is the poor motivation and concentration of learners. The Dex method showed that Coursera and edX online platforms are very similar, with Coursera online platform scoring only slightly better due to its affordability and greater variety in the learning content. The netnography analysis also showed that the predominant reason for participating in e-learning on these two platforms is to acquire new knowledge, followed by an interest in the chosen field.
•All of the analyzed indicators of scientific performance (productivity (absolute and fractional), collaboration (general, per publication and international), independence from (co-)advisors, and ...citations) exhibit notable differences between research disciplines, while the trends for individual indicators are similar for the vast majority of disciplines.•Fractional productivity and independence from (co-)advisors of Slovenian researchers are decreasing in all disciplines since the country's independence, whereas collaboration (general, per publication and international), and the number of citations are increasing.•Two disciplines in terms of UDC classification (UDC 5 and UDC 6) stand out; positively in terms of the number of publications, the average number of co-authors per publication, the average number of collaborators, international collaboration, and the number of citations, while negatively in terms of the fractional productivity and independence from (co-)advisors.•The seven analyzed indicators are in most cases only weakly to moderately correlated, and there are substantial differences in correlation values within research disciplines.
This paper presents an analysis of several dimensions of scientific performance across all research disciplines measured by seven essentially different indicators that quantify productivity (absolute and fractional), collaboration (general, per publication, and international), independence from (co)advisors, and citations. The study population consists of all researchers who have obtained a Ph.D. degree in Slovenia since the country's independence in 1991. We assign researchers to 234 disciplines based on their Ph.D. thesis’ UDC classification; for each researcher, only bibliographic data for the first 10 years of their careers were used in order to avoid inconsistencies due to different career stages.
While our findings show that there are notable differences between disciplines for all indicators, we also find that the trends for individual indicators are similar for the vast majority of disciplines; specifically, we observe that the fractional productivity and independence from (co)advisors of researchers are decreasing in all disciplines throughout the observed period, whereas collaboration (general, per publication, and international), and the number of citations are increasing. Moreover, our research results expose two disciplines in terms of UDC classification (mathematics and natural sciences (UDC 5), and applied sciences, medicine, technology (UDC 6)), which stand out in terms of the analyzed indicators.
The paper presents a study of digital transformation at the global level, comparing the evolution of ICT spending and economic indicators, i.e., GDP per capita, employment, and labor productivity. ...The study aims to compare the two most recent global crises, the 2008-2009 economic crisis and the COVID-19 (2020-) pandemic crisis, while also predicting developments after the pandemic recession. The research results show that during the pandemic crisis, ICT spending declined more severely than during the previous economic downturn, although new ICTs showed more visible resilience to crisis impacts. The pandemic crisis also changed shares of traditional and new ICTs and led to four different deviations from classical diffusion, and as a result, new ICTs are expected to increase their share over all other main ICT segments by 2027.
This paper presents the research of the new technologies' impact on information and communication technology (ICT) spending and economy. We found that new technologies drive demand for ICT on ...general, while individual ICT segments' shares changed significantly due to development of the field and due to different stages of maturity process (diffusion) of individual ICT segments. New technologies also have impact on the longer-lasting growth of spending for traditional ICTs, as new technologies cannot be used and exploited without being connected to (and supported by) traditional ICTs. Moreover, considering traditional and total ICT spending, productivity of workers follows the same trend and consequently ICT spending has immediate impact on labor productivity, but this is not detected in relation to new ICTs' spending. Gross domestic product growth also stimulates only traditional and total ICT spending, having strong positive impact on increased ICT spending in the same year.
The overload of data and information (including misinformation) that fill the World Wide Web and which are generally in circulation, became our contemporary problem, as information reliability is ...very often doubtful. Insofar as there is more information in circulation, their usage is reduced proportionally and, consequently, their meaning is reduced proportionally. Digital skills of EU citizens in general are underdeveloped, while amount of digital data grows exponentially. For this reason, constant development of digital competences and ICT literacy as a result of systematic education, social control, criteria for verifying reality, recognition of fake data, etc, is required.
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