We describe the first ever implementation of an emulsion multi-stage shifter in an accelerator neutrino experiment. The system was installed in the neutrino monitor building in J-PARC as a part of a ...test experiment T60 and stable operation was maintained for a total of 126.6 days. By applying time information to emulsion films, various results were obtained. Time resolutions of 5.3 to 14.7 s were evaluated in an operation spanning 46.9 days (time resolved numbers of 3.8--1.4\(\times10^{5}\)). By using timing and spatial information, a reconstruction of coincident events that consisted of high multiplicity events and vertex events, including neutrino events was performed. Emulsion events were matched to events observed by INGRID, one of near detectors of the T2K experiment, with high reliability (98.5\%) and hybrid analysis was established via use of the multi-stage shifter. The results demonstrate that the multi-stage shifter is feasible for use in neutrino experiments.
We have carried out \(\nu_{\mu}\) charged-current interaction measurement on iron using an emulsion detector exposed to the T2K neutrino beam in the J-PARC neutrino facility. The data samples ...correspond to 4.0\(\times\)10\(^{19}\) protons on target, and the neutrino mean energy is 1.49\(\,\)GeV. The emulsion detector is suitable for precision measurements of charged particles produced in neutrino-iron interactions with a low momentum threshold thanks to thin-layered structure and sub-\(\mu\)m spatial resolution. The charged particles are successfully detected, and their multiplicities are measured using the emulsion detector. The cross section was measured to be \(\sigma^{\mathrm{Fe}}_{\mathrm{CC}} = (1.28 \pm 0.11({\mathrm{stat.}})^{+0.12}_{-0.11}({\mathrm{syst.}})) \times 10^{-38} \, {\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/{\mathrm{nucleon}}\). The cross section in a limited kinematic phase space of induced muons, \(\theta_{\mu} < 45^{\circ}\) and \(p_{\mu} > 400 \, {\rm MeV}/c\), on iron was \(\sigma^{\mathrm{Fe}}_{\mathrm{CC \hspace{1mm} phase \hspace{0.5mm} space}} = (0.84 \pm 0.07({\mathrm{stat.}})^{+0.07}_{-0.06}({\mathrm{syst.}})) \times 10^{-38} \, {\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/{\mathrm{nucleon}}\). The cross-section results are consistent with previous values obtained via different techniques using the same beamline, and they are well reproduced by current neutrino interaction models. These results demonstrate the capability of the detector towards the detailed measurements of the neutrino-nucleus interactions around the 1\(\,\)GeV energy region.
This paper reports the track multiplicity and kinematics of muons, charged pions, and protons from charged-current inclusive \(\bar{\nu}_{\mu}\) and \(\nu_{\mu}\) interactions on a water target, ...measured using a nuclear emulsion detector in the NINJA experiment. A 3-kg water target was exposed to the T2K antineutrino-enhanced beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV. Owing to the high-granularity of the nuclear emulsion, protons with momenta down to 200 MeV/\(c\) from the neutrino-water interactions were detected. We find good agreement between the observed data and model predictions for all kinematic distributions other than the number of charged pions. These results demonstrate the capability of measurements with nuclear emulsion to improve neutrino interaction models.
Early detection of neurophysiological abnormalities is believed to be most effective for the early diagnosis of chronic manganism. The static sensography was applied during the periodical health ...examination and the significance of total distance of the postural sway (i.e. postural sway index) as a neurophysiological index was studied in relation to the blood and urine manganese concentrations. Sixty-six workers in a manganese (Mn)-refining factory, aged 29－59 (mean 47) years, were examined from 1984 to 1989. Mn-exposed workers had been engaged in alternating shifts and the mean duration of Mn exposure was 22.6 years before the health examination in 1984. Air-borne dust and Mn levels in the working environment were 0.07－2.74 mg/m³ and 0.02－0.46 mg/m³. The mean values of the parameters in Mn-exposed workers fluctuated as follows: blood Mn concentrations 19.1－26.9 μg/ℓ control; Mean 17.8 (Standard deviation 5.2) μg/ℓ, urine Mn concentration 2.60－4.22 μg/g Creatinine control; Geometric mean 1.16 (Geometric standard deviation 1.93) μg/g Creat. and postural sway index 51.4－94.6 cm/30 sec control; Geometric mean 59.7 (Geometric standard deviation 1.4) cm/30 sec.. Although there were no significant correlations between the postural sway index and blood and urine manganese concentrations, the usefulness of this kind of simple neurophysiological test should be further investigated in combination with other established examinations.
Studies were made on the experimental conditions for the rapid dietary induction of aortic lipidosis in rats and results obtained showed that the strain of the animal as well as the type of fat in ...diet was a very important factor for the early development of the lesion. Gross aortic lipidosis was produced regularly after 4 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats by feeding a semi-synthetic diet containing 3% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, 0.3% thiouracil, 21% hydrogenated fat, 30% lactose, and 40% casein. Densitometric determinations of gross aorta stained with Sudan made quantitative assessment of the severity and extent of the lesions possible. In all these experiments no significant correlation exsisted between the degree of vasular lipidosis and the serum of liver lipid levels. Histopathological examinations of the aorta revealed some accumulation of lipid-filled foam cells in the subendothelial space, disintegration of the internal elastic lamella, and lipid deposits in smooth muscle cells in the media. Corticosteroid hormones significantly suppressed the development of short-term aortic lipidosis, while they elevated serum cholesterol levels compared with that of control.
Various kind of compounds related to the hypocholesteremic alkaloid, eritadenine, an active component of Japanese mushroom, Lentinus edodes SING, (Japanese name, Shiituke) were studied concerning ...structure-activity relationship. Compounds were administered orally to cholesterol-fed rats for 3 days. It may be concluded from the results as follows : 1) Eritadenine esters were found to be 10 times as active as the mother substance in serum cholesterol-lowering activity. 2) Among the 6-substituted analogs, hydroxyamino compound was found to possess a high biological activity, equivalent to that of eritadenine. Thus, basic substituents at the 6-position of the purine ring may be essential for the activity, as evidenced by the loss of activity of the 6-hydroxy, 6-mercapto, 6-chloro, and hydrogen compounds. 3) Dihydroxybutyric acid derivatives, having pyrimidine or other heterocyclic ring, were found to be inactive or less active than eritadenine. From these facts, it seems that presence of a purine ring in the structure is important for cholesterol-lowering activity. 4) Hypocholesteremic effect of eritadenine and its stereoisomers decreased in the following order : D-erythro (natural eritadenine), D-threo, L-erythro, L-threo (no effect). β-Deoxyeritadenine showed a moderate cholesterol-lowering activity, whereas α-deoxyeritadenine was ineffective. These results suggest that dihydroxybutyric acid is required for the potent hypocholesteremic activity, and especially, α-OH group is associated with the activity.
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